JP7302528B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7302528B2 JP7302528B2 JP2020086269A JP2020086269A JP7302528B2 JP 7302528 B2 JP7302528 B2 JP 7302528B2 JP 2020086269 A JP2020086269 A JP 2020086269A JP 2020086269 A JP2020086269 A JP 2020086269A JP 7302528 B2 JP7302528 B2 JP 7302528B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/04902—Current of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
3 :燃料電池スタック
10 :燃料電池セル
11 :アノード拡散層
12 :アノード触媒層
13 :電解質膜
14 :カソード触媒層
15 :カソード拡散層
18 :電圧センサ
19 :電流センサ
20 :燃料タンク
21 :燃料供給管
22 :インジェクタ
23 :オフガス排出管
24 :気液分離器
25 :戻し管
26 :ポンプ
27 :排気排水弁
31 :空気供給管
32 :排気管
34 :空気コンプレッサ
35 :マフラ
40 :コントローラ
41a-41e :弁
42 :ヒータ
50 :コントローラ
70 :点検装置
71 :コンピュータ
72 :予備バッテリ
100:電気自動車
101:昇圧コンバータ
102:インバータ
103:電気モータ
104:バッテリ
Claims (7)
- 電解質膜のそれぞれの側に触媒層と拡散層が配置されている燃料電池セルと、
前記燃料電池セルの出力電流密度を調整する電流調整器と、
前記燃料電池セルの電圧を計測する電圧センサと、
第1基準電流密度に対応する第1閾値電圧と、前記第1基準電流密度よりも大きい第2基準電流密度に対応する第2閾値電圧を記憶しているコントローラと、
を備えており、
前記コントローラは、
前記燃料電池セルから水を抜く排水処理を実行し、
前記出力電流密度が前記第1基準電流密度のときの前記燃料電池セルの前記電圧(第1電圧)と、前記出力電流密度が前記第2基準電流密度のときの前記燃料電池セルの前記電圧(第2電圧)を取得し、
前記第1電圧が前記第1閾値電圧よりも低く、かつ、前記第2電圧が前記第2閾値電圧よりも高い場合に前記触媒層が劣化しており前記燃料電池セルの排水に不具合がないことを示す第1判定信号を出力し、
前記第1電圧が前記第1閾値電圧よりも高く、かつ、前記第2電圧が前記第2閾値電圧よりも低い場合に前記触媒層に劣化がなく排水に不具合が生じていることを示す第2判定信号を出力し、
前記第1電圧が前記第1閾値電圧よりも低く、かつ、前記第2電圧が前記第2閾値電圧よりも低い場合に前記触媒層が劣化しており排水に不具合が生じていることを示す第3判定信号を出力する、燃料電池システム。 - 前記コントローラは、前記排水処理として、前記燃料電池セルに空気を送る空気コンプレッサと前記燃料電池セルに燃料ガスを送るインジェクタを最大出力で動作させる、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記排水処理として、前記燃料電池セルの内部圧力を最大にする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1基準電流密度は、前記燃料電池セルの最大出力電流密度の10%未満であり、前記第2基準電流密度は、前記最大出力電流密度の40%より大きい、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1閾値電圧は、前記排水に不具合が生じている前記燃料電池セルが前記第1基準電流密度を出力しているときの前記電圧よりも低く、触媒層が劣化している前記燃料電池セルが前記第1基準電流密度を出力しているときの前記電圧よりも高く、
前記第2閾値電圧は、触媒層が劣化している前記燃料電池セルが前記第2基準電流密度を出力しているときの前記電圧よりも低く、前記排水に不具合が生じている前記燃料電池セルが前記第2基準電流密度を出力しているときの前記電圧よりも高い、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記電流調整器の出力端はバッテリに接続されており、
前記コントローラは、前記出力電流密度を前記第1基準電流密度と前記第2基準電流密度に調整するのに先立って前記バッテリの残電力量を50%未満に減じる、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 電解質膜のそれぞれの側に触媒層と拡散層が配置されている燃料電池セルと、
前記燃料電池セルの電圧を調整する電圧調整器と、
前記燃料電池セルの出力電流密度を計測する電流センサと、
第1基準電圧に対応する第1閾値電流密度と、前記第1基準電圧よりも小さい第2基準電圧に対応する第2閾値電流密度を記憶しているコントローラと、
を備えており、
前記コントローラは、
前記燃料電池セルから水を抜く排水処理を実行し、
前記燃料電池セルの前記電圧が前記第1基準電圧のときの前記燃料電池セルの前記出力電流密度(第1出力電流密度)と、前記燃料電池セルの前記電圧が前記第2基準電圧のときの前記出力電流密度(第2出力電流密度)を取得し、
前記第1出力電流密度が前記第1閾値電流密度よりも低く、かつ、前記第2出力電流密度が前記第2閾値電流密度よりも高い場合に前記触媒層が劣化しており排水に不具合がないことを示す第1判定信号を出力し、
前記第1出力電流密度が前記第1閾値電流密度よりも高く、かつ、前記第2出力電流密度が前記第2閾値電流密度よりも低い場合に前記触媒層に劣化がなく排水に不具合が生じていることを示す第2判定信号を出力し、
前記第1出力電流密度が前記第1閾値電流密度よりも低く、かつ、前記第2出力電流密度が前記第2閾値電流密度よりも低い場合に前記触媒層が劣化しており排水に不具合が生じていることを示す第3判定信号を出力する、燃料電池システム。
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JP2020086269A JP7302528B2 (ja) | 2020-05-15 | 2020-05-15 | 燃料電池システム |
US17/221,004 US11417902B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-04-02 | Fuel cell system |
CN202110495270.4A CN113675438B (zh) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-05-07 | 燃料电池系统 |
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JP2020086269A JP7302528B2 (ja) | 2020-05-15 | 2020-05-15 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2005322577A (ja) | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2017027820A (ja) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-02-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2017084451A (ja) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-05-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の触媒劣化判定方法及び触媒劣化判定装置 |
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