JP7269012B2 - マトリックス材料としての特定のコポリカーボネートを含む多層複合材料 - Google Patents
マトリックス材料としての特定のコポリカーボネートを含む多層複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7269012B2 JP7269012B2 JP2018562670A JP2018562670A JP7269012B2 JP 7269012 B2 JP7269012 B2 JP 7269012B2 JP 2018562670 A JP2018562670 A JP 2018562670A JP 2018562670 A JP2018562670 A JP 2018562670A JP 7269012 B2 JP7269012 B2 JP 7269012B2
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Landscapes
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Description
ここで、繊維複合材料のこれら少なくとも2つの層のそれぞれが、シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に基づく熱可塑性プラスチックに埋め込まれた繊維材料を含み、繊維材料としてのエンドレス繊維の場合には、これらが、各層内において一方向に配列されている、多層複合材料を提供する。
Vf=100*(ρt-ρc)/ρt(式1)
ここで、
Vfは、サンプルの空隙率[%]であり、
ρcは、例えば液体又は気体比重瓶法により決定される、試験片の密度であり、
ρtは、以下の式2:
ρt=1/[Wf/ρf+Wm/ρm](式2)
により決定される試験片の理論密度であり、
ρmは、(例えば、適当な結晶化度のための)ポリマーマトリックスの密度であり、
ρfは、使用された繊維の密度であり、
Wfは、使用された繊維の重量割合であり、
Wmは、ポリマーマトリックスの重量分率である。
或いは構造単位(1)は単位の混合物であり、ここで、R1が、二価の置換若しくは非置換の芳香族基であり、又はR1が、二価の直鎖状若しくは環状の脂肪族基である。使用された式(3)のジフェノールの重量%での総和に基づいて、芳香族R1基の割合は60重量%~100重量%であり、脂肪族基の割合は0重量%~40重量%である)、
及び構造単位(2)
を含むブロック共縮合物に関する。
Zは、6個~30個の炭素原子を有し、且つ1又は複数の芳香環を含んでもよい芳香族基であり、置換されていてもよく、且つ脂肪族基又はアルキルアリール又はヘテロ原子を架橋要素として含んでもよい)
に対応するジヒドロキシアリール化合物から誘導される。
R6及びR7は、独立して、H、C1~C18-アルキル、C1~C18-アルコキシ、Cl若しくはBrなどのハロゲン又はそれぞれの場合において置換されていてもよいアリール若しくはアラルキル、好ましくは独立してH若しくはC1~C12-アルキル、より好ましくはH若しくはC1~C8-アルキル、最も好ましくは独立してH若しくはメチルであり、
Xは、-CO-、-O-、-S-、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン、C6~C10-シクロアルキリデン又はヘテロ原子を含む更なる芳香環に縮合されていてもよいC6~C12-アリーレンである)の基である。
nは、1~150、好ましくは1~100、さらにより好ましくは3~50、特に5~30であり、
mは、0又は1、好ましくは0である。
eは、2~12、好ましくは2~6の自然数である)を含む。
R2、R3、n及びmは、構成要素(4)についての上述の定義を有する)。
R2は、アリール又はC1~C4-アルキル、好ましくはメチルであり、
Xは、単結合、-SO2-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン、又は別のヘテロ原子を含む芳香環に縮合されていてもよいC6~C12-アリーレンである。
nは、1~300、好ましくは2~200、特に好ましくは10~150、最も好ましくは20~100の平均数であり、
mは、1~10、好ましくは1~6、特に好ましくは1.5~5の平均数である。
-エンドレス繊維ウェブを提供し、エンドレス繊維ウェブを処理ラインに沿って搬送するステップ、
-ポリカーボネート系プラスチックのガラス転移温度よりも高い処理温度までエンドレス繊維ウェブを予熱するステップ、
-エンドレス繊維ウェブの全幅にわたってエンドレス繊維ウェブの1つの表面上に溶融ポリカーボネート系プラスチックを適用するステップ、
-ポリカーボネート系プラスチックの適用後、ウェブの平面に対して垂直な圧力をエンドレス繊維ウェブ上にかけるステップであって、圧力の付加が、少なくとも1のプレスラムにより、ウェブ平面で且つウェブ走行方向に対して横方向の振動運動成分を有するプレスラムへの剪断振動の同時付加を伴って行われるステップ、
-少なくとも圧力-剪断振動の付加が終了するまでポリカーボネート系プラスチックのガラス転移温度を上回る処理温度範囲内にエンドレス繊維ウェブを保持するステップ。
以下、実施例を参照して本発明を詳細に説明し、反対の記載がない限り、本明細書に記載の測定方法は、本発明におけるすべての対応パラメータのために使用される。
出発材料:
ポリカーボネート:
反応押出に使用される出発材料は、(ISO 1133(2011)に従って、300℃、荷重1.2kgで測定された)59~62cm3/10minのメルトボリュームインデックスを有する、フェノールに基づく末端基を有する直鎖状ビスフェノールAカーボネートである。このポリカーボネートは、UV安定剤、離型剤又は熱安定剤などの添加剤を含まない。このポリカーボネートを、独国特許出願公開第102008019503号に記載の溶融エステル転移プロセスにより調製した。このポリカーボネートは、約600ppmのフェノール末端基含有量を有する。
式(2)において約20のn及び3~4の範囲内のmを有し、ヒドロキシル含有量22.2mgKOH/g及び粘度175mPa・s(23℃)を有する式(11)のヒドロキノン末端ポリジメチルシロキサン(R1=H、R2=メチル);ナトリウム含有量は約3ppmである。このシロキサンは、約3重量%のイソオクタノールを含む。
使用される触媒は、マスターバッチの形態のRhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH(マンハイム、ドイツ)製テトラフェニルホスホニウムフェノキシドである。テトラフェニルホスホニウムフェノキシドは、フェノールとの共結晶の形態で使用され、テトラフェニルホスホニウムフェノキシド約70%を含む。以下の量は、(フェノールとの共結晶として)Rhein Chemieから入手された物質に基づく。
特に記載しない限り、メルトボリュームフローレート(MVR)は、他の条件が記載されていない限り、ISO 1133(2011)に従って(300℃;1.2kgで)決定される。
溶液粘度の測定:相対溶液粘度(ηrel;イータrelとも呼ばれる)を、ジクロロメタン中、濃度5g/l、25℃でウベローデ粘度計を使用して測定した。
ナトリウム含有量は、誘導結合プラズマを使用した質量分析法(ICP-MS)により測定される。
6cm3/10minのMVRを有するCovestro Deutschland AG製Makrolon(登録商標)3108(直鎖状ビスフェノールA系ポリカーボネート)。
それぞれのペレット材料が、110℃で4時間乾燥され、次いで、一軸スクリュー押出機(Kuhne(モデル:K35-24D)、押出機速度40rpm;押出機溶融温度約250℃)及びスロットダイ(スロットフィルムダイ450mm;リップギャップ0.8mm;キャスティングロール引取130℃;冷却ロール引取130℃;引取速度約3m/min)により処理され、厚さ約130μmのフィルムを与える。次いで、これらのフィルムをさらに処理し、フィルム積層法によりGottfried Joos Maschinenfabrik GmbH製Organo Presse LAP 100タイプの静圧プレス内で下記のプロセスパラメータに従い、複合材シートを得た。複合材シートの製造については、スタイル3107タイプ及びK506仕上げのSchlosser&Cramer KG(ハーン、ドイツ)製ガラス繊維織物を使用した。織物は、目付390g/m2の2/2綾織である。フィルム及び織物層を交互に積層し、複合材シートの上面及び下面はそれぞれフィルム層によって完成した。経糸方向が同じままであるように、基材材料の全5つのフィルムを、4つのガラス繊維織物マットと交互に積層した。材料は、12barの一定圧力、280~295℃の間の温度でプレスされる。
多層複合材料は、Makrolon 2608を使用して製造される。材料は、上述の通り押し出されてフィルムを与え、さらに処理して多層複合材を与える。
多層複合材料は、Makrolon 3108を使用して製造される。材料は、上述の通り押し出されてフィルムを与え、さらに処理して多層複合材を与える。
多層複合材料は、上述の通り製造されたシロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物を使用して製造される。材料は、上述の通り押し出されてフィルムを与え、さらに処理されて多層複合材を与える。
多層複合材料は、上述の通り製造されたシロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物を使用して製造される。コンパウンディングにより、二酸化チタン(Kronos Worldwide Inc.製Kronos 2230)1%及びArkema製Lotader 8900 0.2%も着色のためにこのシロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に加えられる。材料は、6.6のMVRを有する。
複合材シートからバーを切り出す。試験片の長辺が経糸方向である。切断した試験片(約80×20mm)を、縁部の繊維伸び約0.96%でテンプレート内にクランプし、その中に24時間放置した。この後に、以下で説明する欠陥の評価が続いた。
長さ約2cmの片(縁部から中央)及び中央から直接の片(約1cm)において、光学顕微鏡像(透過光;明視野)をそれぞれ撮影した。3つのサンプルすべての画像が、垂直並びに水平に走るクラックを示す。評価では、垂直に走るクラック、すなわち、試験片の長辺(経糸方向)に対して直角に走るクラックを考慮する。
試験片は、曲げサイクル試験により、コンピュータ断層撮影法により調査される。この目的のために、Panalytical製Empyrian instrumentが使用される。サンプルにCu-Kα線が照射され、断層像が生成される。サンプルは、ガラス繊維織物の向きの方向に(a分割の)角度ステップで回転される(約900画像)。断層像は、サンプル中の構成要素(ガラス繊維織物、マトリックス、空隙)の密度分布の三次元表示である。画像のコントラストは密度と相関する。黒い領域は、(空隙に関連している)最も低い密度を有し、明るい領域(ガラス繊維織物)は最も高い密度を有する。個々の画像を利用して、密度分布の三次元表示(ソフトウェア:Volume Graphics(ハイデルベルク)製VG Studio)が生成され、空隙の体積(空気の体積)が、それに割り当てられた濃淡値により、CTの三次元表示から確認される。
幅0.5cmのバーを例1~4の多層体から切り出した。これらのロッドをクランプして両側に10回曲げ、次いで、サンプルのコンピュータ断層像を上述の通り生成し、上述の通り解析し、形成された空隙の体積を調査した。
Claims (10)
- 繊維材料の少なくとも1の層を含む繊維複合材料であって、前記繊維材料が、エンドレス繊維として又は織物及び編物の形態としてガラス繊維及び/又は炭素繊維から選択され、シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に基づく熱可塑性プラスチックに埋め込まれており、前記シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物が、ポリシロキサン-ポリカーボネートブロック共縮合物であり、前記シロキサンブロックが、以下の構造(10)
R5は、水素又はメチルであり、
R6及びR7は、独立して、メチルであり、
Vは、単結合、O、C1~C6-アルキル又はC1~C6-アルコキシであり、
Wは、単結合、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン又はC1~C6-アルコキシであり、
Yは、単結合、-CO-、-O-、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン、C1~C4-アルキルで一置換若しくは多置換されていてもよいC5~C6-シクロアルキリデン基、又はヘテロ原子を含む更なる芳香環に縮合されていてもよいC6~C12-アリーレンであり、
mは、2~6の繰り返し単位の平均数であり、
oは、10~400の繰り返し単位の平均数であり、
p及びqは、それぞれ0又は1である)
から誘導される、繊維複合材料。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの相互に重ね合せた層を含む多層複合材料であって、3つの複合材料層の場合、これらが、互いに対して、繊維複合材料の2つの外層及び繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの内層として定められており、繊維材料としてのエンドレス繊維の場合、これらが、各層内に一方向に配列されている、多層複合材料。
- 繊維複合材料の前記内層が、実質的に同じ配向を有し、それらの配向が、繊維複合材料の前記外層に対して30°~90°回転しており、繊維複合材料の1つの層の配向が、その中に存在する一方向に配列した繊維の配向によって決まる、請求項3に記載の多層複合材料。
- 前記層の少なくとも一部が同じ配向を有し、それに対して、少なくとも一部の他の層が30°~90°回転しており、前記外層が0°配向にある、請求項3に記載の多層複合材料。
- 前記内層が同じ配向を有し、その配向が繊維複合材料の前記外層に対して30°~90°回転している、請求項3に記載の多層複合材料。
- 繊維複合材料の前記外層の繊維体積含有率が、繊維複合材料の前記外層の体積に基づいて、50体積%以下である、請求項3から6のいずれか一項に記載の多層複合材料。
- 前記シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物の構成について、前記シロキサンブロックが、3000~20000g/molの分子量を有し、前記ポリカーボネートブロックが、15000~27000g/molの分子量を有する、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の繊維複合材料又は多層複合材料。
- a)繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの内層及び繊維複合材料の2つの外層を提供するステップであって、個々の繊維複合材料層が、圧力-剪断振動下で、溶融シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に基づく熱可塑性プラスチックを該シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に基づく熱可塑性プラスチックのガラス転移温度を超えて予熱された原料繊維ベルトに適用することによって製造される、ステップ、
b)繊維複合材料の前記少なくとも1つの内層を繊維複合材料の前記外層間に挿入するステップであって、繊維複合材料の前記内層が同じ配向を有し、その配向が繊維複合材料の前記外層に対して30°~90°回転している、ステップ、
c)多層複合材料を与えるため、繊維複合材料の重ねた層を結合するステップ
を含む、多層複合材料を製造するための方法であって、
前記繊維複合材料が、繊維材料の少なくとも1の層を含む繊維複合材料であって、前記繊維材料が、エンドレス繊維として又は織物及び編物の形態としてガラス繊維及び/又は炭素繊維から選択され、シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物に基づく熱可塑性プラスチックに埋め込まれており、前記シロキサン含有ブロック共縮合物が、ポリシロキサン-ポリカーボネートブロック共縮合物であり、前記シロキサンブロックが、以下の構造:
R5は、水素又はメチルであり、
R6及びR7は、独立して、メチルであり、
Vは、単結合、O、C1~C6-アルキル又はC1~C6-アルコキシであり、
Wは、単結合、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン又はC1~C6-アルコキシであり、
Yは、単結合、-CO-、-O-、C1~C6-アルキレン、C2~C5-アルキリデン、C1~C4-アルキルで一置換若しくは多置換されていてもよいC5~C6-シクロアルキリデン基、又はヘテロ原子を含む更なる芳香環に縮合されていてもよいC6~C12-アリーレンであり、
mは、2~6の繰り返し単位の平均数であり、
oは、10~400の繰り返し単位の平均数であり、
p及びqは、それぞれ0又は1である)
から誘導される、方法。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の繊維複合材料又は多層複合材料から得られるハウジング部品又は構成部品。
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EP3950847A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 |
EP3464471A1 (de) | 2019-04-10 |
TW201815576A (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
US20190232623A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
KR20190014544A (ko) | 2019-02-12 |
JP2019519643A (ja) | 2019-07-11 |
CN109196054A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
CN109196054B (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
EP3464471B1 (de) | 2021-10-06 |
WO2017207611A1 (de) | 2017-12-07 |
US11130321B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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