JP7197714B2 - 燃料電池用の電極の製造方法、および燃料電池用の電極 - Google Patents
燃料電池用の電極の製造方法、および燃料電池用の電極 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 protons Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
-少なくとも1つの導電性粒子担体(particle support)上に担持された複数の触媒粒子を提供し、
-触媒粒子および/または少なくとも1つの粒子担体上に、イオノマの1つまたは複数の原子層または分子層を気相から堆積させ、それによりプロトン伝導性イオノマコーティングを形成する、
ことを備える。
-プロトン伝導性イオノマコーティングを形成する前に、触媒粒子の表面に少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物を用いて原子または分子を堆積させ、それにより触媒粒子の表面に少なくとも1つの不動態化領域を形成し、
-プロトン伝導性イオノマコーティングを、触媒表面の少なくとも1つの不動態化領域から離して堆積させ、
-触媒粒子から少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物を除去し、それにより、特に所定のまたは予め規定可能な多孔性を有するプロトン伝導性イオノマコーティングを形成する、
ことを追加で実行することが合理的であることが判明した。
2…膜
3…膜の第1の側
4…電極/アノード
5…膜の第2の側
6…電極/カソード
7…アノード側ガス拡散層
8…カソード側ガス拡散層
9…バイポーラプレート燃料ガス
10…バイポーラプレートカソードガス
11…燃料流れ場
12…カソードガス流れ場
13…触媒粒子
14…粒子担体(触媒粒子の基体)
15…イオノマコーティング
16…不動態化反応物
17…不動態化領域
18…粒子の縁部(粒子の角部)
19…粒子ファセット
20…含浸
21…ミクロポーラス層(MPL)
22…イオノマバインダ
Claims (11)
- -少なくとも1つの導電性粒子担体(14)に担持された複数の触媒粒子(13)を提供し、
-触媒粒子(13)および/または少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)上にイオノマの1つまたは複数の原子層または分子層を気相から堆積させ、それによりプロトン伝導性イオノマコーティング(15)を形成させる、
ステップを備え、
-プロトン伝導性イオノマコーティング(15)の堆積前に、触媒粒子(13)の表面に少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を用いて原子または分子を堆積させ、それにより触媒粒子(13)の表面に少なくとも1つの不動態化領域(17)を形成し、
-プロトン伝導性イオノマコーティング(15)を、触媒粒子(13)の表面の少なくとも1つの不動態化領域(17)から離して堆積させ、
-触媒粒子(13)から少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去し、それにより多孔性を有するプロトン伝導性イオノマコーティング(15)を形成する、
ステップをさらに備えた、燃料電池(1)用の電極(4,6)の製造方法。 - 少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)が、一酸化炭素、シアン化物イオン、チオシアン酸塩、イソチオシアネート、硫化物、硫化水素、アミン、およびアンモニアを含む群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 触媒粒子(13)の表面の少なくとも1つの不動態化領域(17)が、触媒粒子(13)の縁部(18)または角部に位置することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 触媒粒子(13)の表面の少なくとも1つの不動態化領域(17)が、触媒粒子(13)の粒子ファセット(19)上に位置することを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)および/または触媒粒子(13)に熱エネルギーを供給することにより、少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去することを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)および/または触媒粒子(13)に減圧を印加することにより、少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去することを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)および/または触媒粒子(13)にプラズマを発生させることにより、少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去することを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)および/または触媒粒子(13)に少なくとも1つの化学的脱不動態化反応物を供給することにより、少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去することを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1つの不動態化反応物(16)を除去した後、少なくとも1つの粒子担体(14)および/または触媒粒子(13)にラジカル分解含浸(20)を適用することを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- ラジカル分解含浸(20)が、セリウム塩またはセリウムオキシドを含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 触媒粒子(13)を備えた粒子担体(14)が粉末形態で提供され、プロトン伝導性イオノマコーティング(15)を堆積させる前に、それらの粒子担体を基体に適用することを特徴とする、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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DE102019200964.6 | 2019-01-25 | ||
DE102019200964.6A DE102019200964A1 (de) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode und Elektrode für eine Brennstoffzelle |
PCT/EP2019/083761 WO2020151865A1 (de) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-12-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrode und elektrode für eine brennstoffzelle |
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US (1) | US12009526B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3915162B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7197714B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102691210B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN113302768A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102019200964A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020151865A1 (ja) |
Citations (1)
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JP2009517824A (ja) | 2005-11-30 | 2009-04-30 | シーエヌアールエス | 燃料電池用の電極を基板上への堆積によって製造する方法。 |
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JP3398013B2 (ja) | 1997-06-25 | 2003-04-21 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用セルの作製方法 |
US20040185325A1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2004-09-23 | Faguy Peter M | Fuel cell having improved catalytic layer |
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EP3915162B1 (de) | 2023-10-18 |
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US20220190354A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
KR102691210B1 (ko) | 2024-08-07 |
KR20210107792A (ko) | 2021-09-01 |
DE102019200964A1 (de) | 2020-07-30 |
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US12009526B2 (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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