JP7196907B2 - 保温材下腐食の抑制方法、及び保温材下腐食抑制用ペースト - Google Patents
保温材下腐食の抑制方法、及び保温材下腐食抑制用ペースト Download PDFInfo
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- JP7196907B2 JP7196907B2 JP2020514804A JP2020514804A JP7196907B2 JP 7196907 B2 JP7196907 B2 JP 7196907B2 JP 2020514804 A JP2020514804 A JP 2020514804A JP 2020514804 A JP2020514804 A JP 2020514804A JP 7196907 B2 JP7196907 B2 JP 7196907B2
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Description
狭義には、湿潤ゲルに対して超臨界乾燥法を用いて得られた乾燥ゲルをエアロゲル、大気圧下での乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをキセロゲル、凍結乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをクライオゲルと称するが、本実施形態においては、湿潤ゲルのこれらの乾燥手法によらず、得られた低密度の乾燥ゲルを「エアロゲル」と称する。すなわち、本実施形態において、「エアロゲル」とは、広義のエアロゲルである「Gel comprised of a microporous solid in which the dispersed phase is a gas(分散相が気体である微多孔性固体から構成されるゲル)」を意味する。一般的に、エアロゲルの内部は、網目状の微細構造を有しており、2~20nm程度の粒子状のエアロゲル成分が結合したクラスター構造を有している。このクラスターにより形成される骨格間には、100nmに満たない細孔がある。これにより、エアロゲルは、三次元的に微細な多孔性の構造が形成されている。なお、本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、例えば、シリカを主成分とするシリカエアロゲルである。シリカエアロゲルとしては、例えば、有機基(メチル基等)又は有機鎖を導入した、いわゆる有機-無機ハイブリッド化されたシリカエアロゲルが挙げられる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有することができる。本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、式(1)で表される構造を含む構造として、下記一般式(1a)で表される構造を有することができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、支柱部及び橋かけ部を備えるラダー型構造を有し、かつ橋かけ部が下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有することができる。このようなラダー型構造をエアロゲル成分としてエアロゲルの骨格中に導入することにより、耐熱性と機械的強度を向上させることができる。なお、本実施形態において「ラダー型構造」とは、2本の支柱部(struts)と支柱部同士を連結する橋かけ部(bridges)とを有するもの(いわゆる「梯子」の形態を有するもの)である。本態様において、エアロゲルの骨格がラダー型構造からなっていてもよいが、エアロゲルが部分的にラダー型構造を有していてもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物、及び、加水分解性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種、を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物(ゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥して得られるもの:ゾル由来の湿潤ゲルの乾燥物)であってもよい。なお、これまで述べてきたエアロゲルも、このように、ケイ素化合物等を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥することで得られるものであってもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、さらに強靱化する観点並びにさらに優れた断熱性及び柔軟性を達成する観点から、エアロゲル成分に加え、さらにシリカ粒子を含有していてもよい。エアロゲル成分及びシリカ粒子を含有するエアロゲルを、エアロゲル複合体ということもできる。エアロゲル複合体は、エアロゲル成分とシリカ粒子とが複合化されていながらも、エアロゲルの特徴であるクラスター構造を有しており、三次元的に微細な多孔性の構造を有していると考えられる。
本実施形態におけるエアロゲル粒子は、例えば後述のとおりバルクのエアロゲルを粉砕することにより得ることができる。
エアロゲル粒子の製造方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば以下の方法により製造することができる。
ゾル生成工程は、ケイ素化合物と、場合によりシリカ粒子(シリカ粒子を含む溶媒であってもよい)と、を混合して加水分解反応を行った後、ゾルを生成する工程である。本工程においては、加水分解反応を促進させるため、溶媒中にさらに酸触媒を添加してもよい。また、特許第5250900号公報に示されるように、溶媒中に界面活性剤、熱加水分解性化合物等を添加することもできる。さらに、熱線輻射抑制等を目的として、溶媒中にカーボングラファイト、アルミニウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、銀化合物、チタン化合物等の成分を添加してもよい。
湿潤ゲル生成工程は、ゾル生成工程で得られたゾルをゲル化し、その後熟成して湿潤ゲルを得る工程である。本工程では、ゲル化を促進させるため塩基触媒を用いることができる。
湿潤ゲル粉砕工程を行う場合、湿潤ゲル生成工程で得られた湿潤ゲルを粉砕する。粉砕は、例えば、ヘンシャル型ミキサーに湿潤ゲルを入れるか、又はミキサー内で湿潤ゲル生成工程を行い、ミキサーを適度な条件(回転数及び時間)で運転することにより行うことができる。また、より簡易的には密閉可能な容器に湿潤ゲルを入れるか、又は密閉可能な容器内で湿潤ゲル生成工程を行い、シェイカー等の振盪装置を用いて、適度な時間振盪することにより行うことができる。なお、必要に応じて、ジェットミル、ローラーミル、ビーズミル等を用いて、湿潤ゲルの粒子径を調整することもできる。
洗浄及び溶媒置換工程は、湿潤ゲル生成工程又は湿潤ゲル粉砕工程により得られた湿潤ゲルを洗浄する工程(洗浄工程)と、湿潤ゲル中の洗浄液を乾燥条件(後述の乾燥工程)に適した溶媒に置換する工程(溶媒置換工程)を有する工程である。洗浄及び溶媒置換工程は、湿潤ゲルを洗浄する工程を行わず、溶媒置換工程のみを行う形態でも実施可能であるが、湿潤ゲル中の未反応物、副生成物等の不純物を低減し、より純度の高いエアロゲル粒子の製造を可能にする観点からは、湿潤ゲルを洗浄してもよい。
乾燥工程では、上記のとおり洗浄及び(必要に応じ)溶媒置換した湿潤ゲルを乾燥させる。これにより、エアロゲル(エアロゲルブロック又はエアロゲル粒子)を得ることができる。すなわち、上記ゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなるエアロゲルを得ることができる。
湿潤ゲル粉砕工程を行わない場合は、乾燥により得られたエアロゲル(エアロゲルブロック)を粉砕することによりエアロゲル粒子を得る。例えば、ジェットミル、ローラーミル、ビーズミル、ハンマーミル等にエアロゲルを入れ、適度な回転数と時間で運転することにより行うことができる。
保温材下腐食抑制用ペーストは、エアロゲル粒子及び液状媒体を含む。保温材下腐食抑制用ペーストは、エアロゲル粒子及び液状媒体の混合物であるということもできる。ペースト中のエアロゲル粒子は、細孔内が液状媒体で満たされていてもよい。
保温材下腐食の抑制方法は、エアロゲル粒子及び液状媒体を含むペーストを対象表面に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程を備える。より具体的には、保温材下腐食の抑制方法は、上述のペーストを対象表面に塗布する工程と、対象表面に塗布されたペーストから液状媒体を除去して塗膜を得る工程と、を備えることができる。保温材下腐食の抑制方法は、多孔質粒子及び液状媒体を含むペーストを対象表面に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程を備えるものであってもよい。
保温材下腐食抑制用ペーストにより、エアロゲル粒子、バインダ樹脂等を含む塗膜を得ることができる。
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL-2L(扶桑化学工業株式会社製、製品名)を100.0質量部、水を80.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.5質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤として臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を1.0質量部、及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を150.0質量部混合し、これにケイ素化合物としてメチルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:KBM-13)を60.0質量部、ジメチルジメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:KBM-22)を20.0質量部、上記一般式(B)で表される構造を有する両末端2官能アルコキシ変性ポリシロキサン化合物(以下、「ポリシロキサン化合物A」という)を20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させてゾルを得た。得られたゾルを60℃でゲル化した後、60℃で48時間熟成して湿潤ゲルを得た。
エアロゲル粒子BとしてJIOS AeroVa(登録商標、JIOS AEROGEL CORPORATION社製、製品名)を準備した。
エアロゲル粒子のBET比表面積を、ガス吸着量測定装置(カンタクローム・インスツルメンツ・ジャパン合同会社製、Autosorb-iQ(Autosorbは登録商標))を用いて測定した。エアロゲル粒子Aの比表面積は125m2/g、エアロゲル粒子Bの比表面積は716m2/gであった。
エタノールに、エアロゲル粒子の含有量が0.5質量%となるように添加し、これに50Wの超音波ホモジナイザーで20分間振動を与えることで分散液を調製した。得られた分散液10mLをMicrotrac MT3000(日機装株式会社製、製品名)に注入し、25℃で、屈折率1.3、吸収0として粒子径を測定した。そして、得られた粒子径分布における積算値50%(体積基準)での粒子径を平均粒子径D50とした。エアロゲル粒子Aの平均粒子径D50は20μm、エアロゲル粒子Bの平均粒子径D50は17μmであった。
N-ビニルアセトアミド・アクリル酸ナトリウム共重合樹脂(昭和電工株式会社製、製品名:アドヒーローGE-167)を15質量部、ガラス繊維(チョップドストランド、繊維径:13μm、繊維長:3mm)を10質量部、エアロゲル粒子Bを100質量部、アクリル樹脂(DIC株式会社製、製品名:DV-759EF、固形分40wt%)を200質量部、イソプロピルアルコールを20質量部、水を150質量部混合して、ペースト1を得た。
ペースト1を、アルミ箔(株式会社UACJ製、製品名:マイホイル厚型50、厚さ:50μm)上に、乾燥後厚さが2mmとなるように金属へらを用いて塗布し、60℃に加熱した乾燥機(エスペック株式会社製、製品名:パーフェクトオーブンSPHH-301)で2時間乾燥させ、アルミ箔上にエアロゲル粒子含有塗膜を形成した。
ペースト1を、100×100×100mmのステンレス製の容器側面に対し、乾燥後厚さが1mmとなるように金属へらを用いて塗布し、60℃で2時間乾燥させ、容器側面上にエアロゲル粒子含有塗膜を形成した。塗膜の断面には、コーキング剤(タカダ化学品製造株式会社製、製品名:スワンボンド112)を塗布し、断面から水分が入らないように保護した。これにより評価サンプルを得た。
ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(松本油脂株式会社製、製品名:MP-30000)を5質量部、ガラス繊維(チョップドストランド、繊維径:13μm、繊維長:3mm)を10質量部、エアロゲル粒子Aを100質量部、シリコーン樹脂(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:POLON-MF-56、固形分40wt%)を300質量部、イソプロピルアルコールを20質量部、水を500質量部混合して、ペースト2を得た。その後、実施例1と同様にして、各種評価を行った。
パイロジェルXT(Aspen Aerogel製:厚さ5mm)を準備した。パイロジェルはシリカエアロゲルをグラスファイバー不織布に含浸させた保温用エアロゲルブランケットである。これを塗膜に代えて用い、結露の評価を行った。具体的には、パイロジェルXTを100×100mmに切断し、その断面をコーキングしつつ容器側面に固定し、評価サンプルとした。
Claims (12)
- エアロゲル粒子、バインダ樹脂及び液状媒体を含むペーストを対象表面に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程を備え、
前記バインダ樹脂が、第一のバインダ樹脂と、前記液状媒体に対する溶解度が前記第一のバインダ樹脂より低い第二のバインダ樹脂と、を含み、
前記第二のバインダ樹脂の含有量が、前記第一のバインダ樹脂の含有量より多い、保温材下腐食の抑制方法。 - 前記エアロゲル粒子の含有量が、前記ペーストの全量を基準として5質量%以上である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- エアロゲル粒子、バインダ樹脂及び液状媒体を含み、
前記バインダ樹脂が、第一のバインダ樹脂と、前記液状媒体に対する溶解度が前記第一のバインダ樹脂より低い第二のバインダ樹脂と、を含み、
前記第二のバインダ樹脂の含有量が、前記第一のバインダ樹脂の含有量より多い、保温材下腐食抑制用ペースト。 - 前記第一のバインダ樹脂がセルロース系樹脂又はアクリル酸系樹脂である、請求項3に記載のペースト。
- 前記第二のバインダ樹脂が熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項3又は4に記載のペースト。
- 前記第二のバインダ樹脂がアクリル樹脂である、請求項5に記載のペースト。
- 前記第二のバインダ樹脂が熱硬化性樹脂である、請求項3又は4に記載のペースト。
- 前記第二のバインダ樹脂がシリコーン樹脂である、請求項7に記載のペースト。
- 繊維状物質を更に含む、請求項3~8のいずれか一項に記載のペースト。
- 前記液状媒体が、水を含む水系溶媒である、請求項3~9のいずれか一項に記載のペースト。
- 多孔質粒子、バインダ樹脂及び液状媒体を含むペーストを対象表面に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程を備え、
前記バインダ樹脂が、第一のバインダ樹脂と、前記液状媒体に対する溶解度が前記第一のバインダ樹脂より低い第二のバインダ樹脂と、を含み、
前記第二のバインダ樹脂の含有量が、前記第一のバインダ樹脂の含有量より多い、保温材下腐食の抑制方法。 - 多孔質粒子、バインダ樹脂及び液状媒体を含み、
前記バインダ樹脂が、第一のバインダ樹脂と、前記液状媒体に対する溶解度が前記第一のバインダ樹脂より低い第二のバインダ樹脂と、を含み、
前記第二のバインダ樹脂の含有量が、前記第一のバインダ樹脂の含有量より多い、保温材下腐食抑制用ペースト。
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