JP7183357B2 - 神経変性疾患の処置における使用のための幹細胞由来のドパミン作用性細胞を生成するための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
神経変性疾患の処置における使用のための幹細胞由来のドパミン作用性細胞を生成するための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2016年2月25日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第62/300,000号;および2015年6月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願62/182,051号;および2015年4月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第62/145,467号に基づく利益を主張しており、これら仮出願の開示は、全体が参考として本明細書によって援用される。
本出願は、ASCIIテキストファイル(名称「Seq_List_LCTI_200040USP3_ST25.txt」、作成日2016年2月10日、ファイルサイズ8,781バイト)中の資料を参考として援用する。
はプロテオグリカン)への結合によって、機能する。ラミニン分子はまた、細胞の挙動および機能に強く影響を及ぼし得る重要なシグナル伝達分子である。ラミニンは、細胞/組織表現型を維持すること、ならびに組織修復および発生において細胞増殖および分化を促進することの両方において重要である。
効力を制御するために、長期にわたるインビボ機能評価を経て利用されなければならない。これは、より大きな患者コホートのために細胞を生成するために、および標準化された幹細胞生成物をクリニックに送り出すために、顕著なハードルを課し得る。
本開示は、ある特定の幹細胞由来の望ましいドパミン作用性細胞を生成するための方法、ならびに移植後にそれらの機能性を評価するための方法を提供する。これらのドパミン作用性細胞は、次いで、幹細胞ベースの治療において、例えば、神経変性疾患(パーキンソン病を含む)を処置するために使用され得る。さらなる局面において、本開示は、胚性幹細胞からドパミン作用性細胞を生成するためのキットを提供する。
して単一細胞懸濁物中の幹細胞を、幹細胞培養の拡大およびこのような細胞の大規模生成を可能にする有意な希釈率で継代および拡大するために再度プレートするための方法を提供する。
約228時間後に除去され得る。
3インヒビター;ソニックヘッジホッグタンパク質;ROCKインヒビター;TGF-βインヒビター;線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF);脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF);およびアスコルビン酸(AA)を含む。
本明細書で開示される組成物および方法のより完全な理解は、添付の図面を参照することによって得られ得る。これらの図面は、本開示を示す便宜および容易さに基づいて模式的に表しているに過ぎず、従って、例示的実施形態の範囲を規定することも限定することも意図しない。
、ラミニン-511および天然に存在する供給源に由来するヘテロトリマーラミニン-511の両方を包含すると解釈されるべきである。
nd grafted)されて、種々の神経変性疾患を処置することが挙げられる)のために使用され得る。パターン形成因子(patterning factor)の非存在下では、終脳という最終結果の神経細胞が得られる。神経前駆細胞の前後軸(rostro-caudal)および背腹軸(dorsal-central)パターン形成は、パターン形成因子の用量依存性添加によって制御され得る。これら方法は、図2(これは、タイムラインおよび本明細書で開示される細胞培養培地中の種々の成分の列挙を提供する)を参照して記載される。ここで認められるように、多能性幹細胞は、ラミニン-111を被覆したプレートに播種され、16日間の期間にわたって培養される。培養培地は、16~25日間の期間にわたって特定の間隔で投与される、培地、分化因子、およびパターン形成因子の種々の組み合わせを含み得る。
0細胞/cm2の密度でプレートされ得る。
ク質をさらに含む。存在する場合、SHHタンパク質は、少なくとも50ng/ml(約100ng/ml~約300ng/ml、および特に、約200ng/mlを含む)の量で存在する。ノギンはまた、約50ng/ml~約150ng/ml、および特に、約100ng/mlの量で存在し得る。ノギンはまた、TGF-βインヒビターとして作用する。さらに特定の実施形態において、第1の細胞培養培地は、これらの列挙された成分(SHHおよびノギンを含む)からなる。
の濃度で存在する。
約25日後に、神経細胞は、低温貯蔵または移植の準備ができている。成熟神経表現型を必要とする長期研究のために細胞が使用されようとしている場合には、それらは、第6の細胞培養培地中で培養され得る。得られた神経細胞が、大量に得られる。
材料および方法
ットで解離して、単一細胞懸濁物を得、NPMを含む上記15mLチューブに移した。細胞を、400×gで5分間遠心分離した。次いで、その培地を吸引し、その細胞ペレットを1.5mLチューブ中の1mL NPM中に移して再懸濁した。10μL細胞懸濁物を計数するために除去した。この懸濁物を1:10~1:50希釈した。計数する間に、細胞を400×gで5分間遠心分離した。
材料および方法
移植用の細胞の調製(16~25日目)
長期最終神経成熟
過去6年間に、500匹を超えるラットに、hES細胞由来mesDA前駆細胞の31種の異なるバッチを、種々の異なる研究部位において脳内に移植した。移植実験計画の全体像を、以下の表2~3に示す。移植部位に関して:Str.=線条体、SN=黒質。ラット宿主系統に関しては、SD=Sprague-Dawley、LH=Lister-hooded、At=Athymic Crl:NIH-Foxn1rnu。免疫抑制に関しては、Ciclo=シクロスポリンの毎日の腹腔内注射(10mg/kg)、移植前日から開始。
の実験間変動性が明らかになった。
移植後のDA収量(すなわち、成功裡の移植転帰)と正に相関する潜在的マーカーの先入観のない検索を可能にするために、全般的な遺伝子発現プロファイリングを、RNA配列決定を使用して、移植の日に集めた細胞サンプルについて行った。
、およびそれらが腹側中脳のより吻側のドメインにおいて高レベルで発現され得ることを示す。mesDA神経発生に関与すると報告された他の腹側中脳マーカー、すなわち、MSX1、SOX6、およびPBX1は、16日目の腹側中脳パターン形成前駆細胞において分析した場合に、移植片のDA密度に何ら相関を示さなかった。図5Hは、推定マーカーの高発現を有する異なる細胞バッチからのTH+ニューロンの一連の5枚の代表的画像であり、これは、移植した細胞の成熟形態を明らかにする。
RNA配列決定発現値を使用して、16日目での移植片における間脳マーカーであるFEZF1、WNT7B、およびEPHA3とDA収量との間には、図6Aで示されるように、強い負の相関が見出された。この相関は、腹側中脳パターン形成hESCのうちのいくつかのバッチがBARHL1+を含み、PITX2+STN前駆細胞が前側LMX1A+/FOXA2+ドメインから由来するか否かの調査に至った。
腹側中脳パターン形成hES細胞前駆細胞の変動性の転帰を考慮して、分化プロトコル
におけるパターン形成が腹側中脳の尾側ドパミン作用性ドメインに向かって最適化され得るか否かを次に調査した(なぜならこのドメインのマーカーは、インビボでのDA高収量と相関したからである)。尾側腹側中脳に位置する細胞は、MHBの近位にあり、マウスおよびニワトリモデルでの研究から、この領域におけるmesDA前駆細胞の発生は、FGF8(MHBから分泌される増殖因子)の活性に依存することが示された。さらに、FGF8の高発現は、上記の図5Cで認められるように遺伝子発現分析においてDA高群に相関することが見出された。
良好な移植転帰を生じる、尾側化したmesDA腹側中脳前駆細胞の高収量かつ再現性のある収量のためのGMP適合性分化プロトコルを開発するために、Roslin細胞由来の完全にGMP由来hES細胞株RC17(hPS Creg #RCe021-A)を使用した。以前の研究グレードの腹側中脳分化プロトコルは、胚様体(EB)形成またはマトリゲル上での培養の実行工程を有する。その両方は、再現性の困難および規定されていない動物由来成分の含有量、それぞれに起因して、GMP適合に問題を引き起こす。
MMgATP、0.3mMNa3GTPおよび8mMNaCl(KOHでpH7.3に調節)を満たしたホウケイ酸ガラスピペット(3~7MOhm)を使用して、Multiclamp700B増幅器(Molecular Devices)で記録を行った。データをpClamp10.2(Molecular Devices)で獲得した;電流を0.1kHzでフィルターにかけ、2kHzでデジタル化した。丸い細胞体をした神経形態を有する細胞を、全細胞パッチクランプのために選択した。静止膜電位を、電流クランプモード(current-clamp mode)での慣らし運転(breaking-in)の直後にモニターした。その後、細胞を、-60mV~-80mVの膜電流で維持し、500ms電流を、-20pA~+90pAまで、10pAずつ増分して注入して、活動電位を誘導した。反跳性脱分極に関して、細胞を、20pAの小さな電流の流れとともに注入して、活動電位を誘導した。自発的なシナプス後電流を、同じ内部溶液を使用して静止膜電位で記録した。
図3の新たなプロトコルが腹側中脳前駆細胞の純粋な集団を生じることを検証するために、培養物をFOXA2およびLMX1A/Bに関して染色したところ、この2種のタンパク質の高い共局在を見出した。図9Aは、前駆細胞を免疫染色した後の一連の写真であり、これは、分化した培養物がLMX1A/FOXA2の非常に高い重なり合いを示したことを図示する。図9Bは、フローサイトメトリー分析後の一連のグラフであり、これは、培養物が、分化の16日目に、平均して95%OTX2+/FOXA2+前駆細胞を含んだことを示す。
上記GMPプロトコルがインビボで機能的ドパミン作用性活性を有する細胞を生じるか否か、および前方 対 尾側VM表現型が、インビボ効力の真の推定となるか否かを決定するために、細胞を、パーキンソン病の動物モデルへの移植によって評価した。一側性の6-OHDA病変に供した2群のラットを、LN-111 GMPプロトコル(図2中のプロトコル)に従って分化させたVM-パターン形成RC17細胞での線条体内移植の前後に、アンフェタミン誘導性回転に関して評価した。一方の動物群(mesDA RC17)は、9~16日目までFGF8bの存在下で分化させた細胞を受容して、図9Cで示されるように、高レベルの推定マーカー、EN1、CNPY1、SPRY1、ETV5およびPAX8を発現する尾側VM mesDA前駆細胞を生じた。図10で示されるように、この動物群は、アンフェタミン誘導性回転の改善および過剰補償(22週目まで)によって証明されるとおりの機能回復を示した。回転の減少は、行動回復に等価である。なぜならその病変はラットにおいて回転を引き起こすからである。移植片が機能的である場合、回転行動は終わる。対照的に、FGF8bの非存在下で分化させて、STNドメインの吻側VM細胞を生じた細胞を受容した動物(STN RC17群)は、アンフェタミン誘導性回転の機能回復を示さなかった。これらのSTN-パターン形成細胞は、高レベルの一般的なVMマーカーを発現したが、低レベルの推定となる尾側VMマーカーを発現し、それによって、パーキンソン病の動物モデルにおいてインビボ転帰を推定するために、尾側VMマーカーの能力が検証された。
細胞およびそれらのインビボ性能の前臨床評価は当を得ている。なぜなら中枢神経系の障害に関しては、移植は、インビボでの移植後に最終分化および成熟を受ける未成熟前駆細胞で行われるからである。移植した前駆細胞は、インビボで数ヶ月後に機能的になるに過ぎない。これは、移植前に細胞の治療的潜在能力の評価を複雑にする。従って、移植前に前駆細胞のインビトロ特徴に基づいて、移植される細胞のインビボ成熟を推定できることは、望ましい。
駆細胞が移植された場合に、観察されはしたが以前には説明されなかったインビボ転帰におけるバリエーションにおそらく寄与することが確認された。
Claims (8)
- 尾側化した腹側中脳前駆細胞の生成を誘導するための方法であって、該方法は、
胚性幹細胞を、ラミニン-111、ラミニン-421、ラミニン-511、またはラミニン-521を含む基材上にプレートして、該尾側化した腹側中脳前駆細胞を生成する工程を包含し、
前記幹細胞は、N2培地、TGF-βインヒビター、ノギン、ソニックヘッジホッグタンパク質、およびGSK3インヒビターを含みかつB27サプリメントを含まない一次培地中で培養され、
前記一次培地は除去され、二次培地が添加され、該二次培地は、N2培地および線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF)を含み、かつB27サプリメントを含まず、
前記二次培地は、前記プレートする工程の156時間~228時間後に添加される、方法。 - 前記FGFは、FGF8bである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記二次培地は除去され、前記幹細胞は再度プレートされる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記再度プレートする工程は、前記プレートする工程の252時間~276時間後に起こる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記再度プレートする工程は、B27培地、ROCKインヒビター、前記FGF、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、およびアスコルビン酸を含む三次培地を使用して起こる、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞は、次いで、四次培地中で培養され、該四次培地は、B27培地、前記FGF、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、およびアスコルビン酸を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞は、前記プレートする工程後の324時間~396時間まで、前記四次培地中で培養される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞は、108時間~132時間の期間にわたって前記四次培地中で培養される、請求項7に記載の方法。
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