JP7139448B2 - TTFields及びオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤による腫瘍の治療 - Google Patents
TTFields及びオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤による腫瘍の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2018年4月9日に出願の米国仮出願第62/654,679号、及び2019年3月29日に出願の米国仮出願第62/826,114号の利益を主張するものである。
TTFieldsは、極性微小管に方向性力を加え、正常な有糸分裂紡錘体の構築を妨げる。微小管力学に対するそのような干渉は、異常な紡錘体形成とその後の有糸分裂停止又は遅延をもたらす。細胞は、有糸分裂停止又は細胞分裂への進行中に死滅する可能性がある。これは、正常な又は異常な異数体後代の形成に至る可能性がある。四倍体細胞の形成は、スリッページを介した有系分裂終了によって起こり得るか、不適切な細胞分裂中に起こり得る。異常娘細胞は、その後の静止期に死滅し得るか、永久的な停止を受け得るか、又は追加の有糸分裂によって増殖し、そこでそれらはさらなるTTFields攻撃を受ける可能性がある。その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、M. GILADIら、Mitotic Spindle Disruption by Alternating Electric Fields Leads to Improper Chromosome Segregation and Mitotic Catastrophe in Cancer Cells、Scientific Reports、2015年;5: 18046頁を参照されたい。
細胞培養及び薬物
TTFieldsとAZD1152の組合せ治療の効果は、以下のヒト神経膠腫細胞株:U87-MG (ATCC)、U-251 (ECACC)及びEG87-MGshp53 (Dr. Achim Temmeから提供いただいたもの)を使用して試験した。すべての細胞を、5% CO2を供給した加湿型インキュベーターで増殖させた。細胞を、10% FBS、2mmol/Lのグルタミン、Pen-Strep溶液(100ユニット/mlのペニシリン及び0.1mg/mlのストレプトマイシン)、1mmol/Lのピルビン酸ナトリウム及び1% NEAAを補充したEMEMで維持した。U87-MGshp53細胞は、400mg/mLのジェネティシンによる選択下で維持した。AZD1152はイスラエルのSigma社から入手した。
TTFields(1.6V/cm RMS、200kHz)は、Inovitroシステムを使用して72時間印加された。治療の終了時に、腫瘍細胞増殖の阻害を細胞数に基づいて定量的に分析した。U87-MG、U87-MGshp53及びU-251のクローン原性生存率は、6枚のウェル皿に三通りの300細胞/皿をプレーティングすることにより試験した。2~3週間後、細胞をクリスタルバイオレットで染色し、クローンの数を定量化した。全体的効果は、治療終了時に生存している細胞のパーセンテージに、形成されたコロニーの対照に対するパーセンテージを掛けることにより計算した。
細胞周期分析については、細胞を72時間治療した直後にトリプシンで除去し、1% FBSを含む氷冷PBSで2回洗浄し、30分間、70%の氷冷エタノールで固定した。固定後、細胞を、1% FBSを含む氷冷PBSで2回洗浄し、ペレット化し、10μg/mlのRNase及び7.5μg/mlの7-AAD(Sigma-Aldrich社)を含有するPBSで30分間、37℃にてインキュベートした。次いで、細胞周期分布を、EC800フローサイトメーター(Sony Biotechnology社、日本)を使用して定量化した。
治療終了時に、細胞を100%メタノールで固定し、0.5%のクリスタルバイオレット(Sigma社)で染色し、倒立顕微鏡(Nikon社製 eclipse TS100)下で画像化した。
データは平均±SEとして表し、差異の統計的有意性は、GraphPad Prism 6ソフトウェア(GraphPad Software社、カリフォルニア州ラホヤ)を使用して評価した。群の間の差異は、二元配置ANOVAを使用して比較し、0.05>*p>0.01、**p<0.01、及び***p<0.001の値で有意であると考えた。
図1A~図1Eは、神経膠腫細胞に対するTTFields及びAZD1152の効果を示す。U87-MG、U87-MGshp53及びU-251の神経膠腫細胞を様々なAZD1152濃度で増殖させ、TTFields(200kHz、1.6V/cm RMS)で72時間治療した。U87-MGは、20nMを超える濃度のAZD1152による治療に対して高感受性であることが分かった。図1Aに示したように、TTFields印加単独に対する応答では、細胞の数が約50%低減した。細胞の数は、治療終了時に決定され、対照のパーセンテージとして表される。TTFieldsとAZD1152の組合せ治療では、細胞傷害活性が有意に増強した(二元配置ANOVA、p<0.001)。更に、図1Bに示したように、TTFieldsとAZD1152の組合せ治療では、細胞傷害活性とクローン原性応答の両方を考慮に入れた上で、U87-MG細胞において全体的効果の有意な増強がもたらされた。
U87-MG細胞に加えて、原発腫瘍細胞株を、手術時に採取した膠芽腫組織から樹立した。TTFields(1.6V/cm RMS、200kHz)を、Inovitro(商標)システムを使用して、72時間印加した。AZD1152を100nmol/l以下の濃度で培地に添加した。細胞数、細胞周期及びクローン原性の可能性は、治療終了時に決定した。
TTFieldsとAZD1152の組合せ治療は、それぞれの治療単独と比較して、原発性膠芽腫細胞の数に有意な減少をもたらした(マン-ホイットニーのU検定、p<0.001)。図5A及び図5Bは、示したAZD1152濃度及びTTField周波数でのU87-MG(図5A)及び原発性膠芽腫細胞株HT12347(図5B)に対する、TTFields単独及びAZD1152単独による治療後、並びに組合せによる治療後の正規化された細胞数を示す。例示のボックスプロットは、AZD1152単独、TTFields単独、及びAZD1152とTTFieldsの組合せによる治療後の正規化された細胞数を示す。「***」は、p<0.001の場合の有意差をマークしている。
本明細書に記載した研究は、腫瘍細胞に対するTTFields効果が、オーロラキナーゼ(例えば、オーロラAキナーゼ及びオーロラBキナーゼ)の化学的阻害による細胞質分裂の追加的阻害によって拡大され得ることを明示している。より詳しくは、この研究では、GBMを治療するために、TTFieldsと、オーロラBキナーゼ阻害剤AZD1152又はオーロラAキナーゼ阻害剤MLN8237の組合せについて調べた。別の事例においては、ダヌセルチブ(PHA-739358)、AT9283、PF-03814735及びAMG 900を含むがこれらに限定されない追加のオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤は、TTFieldsによる治療の前、途中、又は後で使用することができる。
Claims (16)
- 対象におけるがん細胞の生存率を治療的に低下させること、または対象におけるがんを治療することにおける使用のための、オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤を含む治療剤であって、治療剤が、がん細胞または対象の標的領域に投与され、前記使用において、100kHz~300kHzの間の周波数を有する交流電場が、がん細胞または対象の標的領域に印加される、治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、オーロラAキナーゼ阻害剤を含む、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、オーロラBキナーゼ阻害剤を含む、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、MLN8237を含む、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、AZD1152を含む、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、AZD1152、アリセルチブ(MLN8237)、ダヌセルチブ(PHA-739358)、AT9283、PF-03814735、及びAMG 900からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 交流電場が、少なくとも部分的に、治療剤の投与と同時に印加される、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 治療剤の投与後、及びオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が排除又は排出される前に、交流電場が、少なくとも部分的に印加される、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 交流電場が、少なくとも72時間の間、印加される、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 交流電場の周波数が、180kHz~220kHz、190kHz~210kHz、195kHz~205kHz、又は約200kHzである、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤が、治療有効濃度でがん細胞に投与され、交流電場が、少なくとも一部のがん細胞において少なくとも1V/cmの電場強度を有する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 交流電場が、対象の少なくとも一部の標的領域において少なくとも1V/cmの電場強度を有する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤の濃度が、交流電場の非存在下で治療有効性であることが知られているオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤の投与量に対して、少なくとも50%低減される、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤の濃度が、約12.5nM~約100nMである、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤の濃度が、25nM~75nMである、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- がんが膠芽腫を含む、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
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