JP7123557B2 - 階層型分散送電網の制御 - Google Patents
階層型分散送電網の制御 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2014年7月4日付で出願された米国特許仮出願第62/021,085号に基づく非仮出願であり、同仮出願の優先権の利益を主張するものである。前記仮出願は、この参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明の実施形態は、広くは送電網に関し、より具体的には送電網内の階層型分散制御に関する。
本特許文書の開示の一部には、著作権保護の対象となる資料が含まれている場合がある。著作権の保有者は、本特許文書または本特許開示のいずれかの者が特許商標局の特許ファイルまたは記録に表示されているとおりに複製することに異議を唱えてはいないが、その外についてはすべての著作権を留保する。著作権の告示は下記のすべてのデータ、本明細書に添付の図面、ならびに下記のすべてのソフトウェアに適用される。著作権2015年 Apparent Inc. 無断転用禁止。
従来の公益事業体の送電網は集中電源(例えば石炭火力発電機、原子力発電機、水力発電ダム発電機、ウィンドファーム、またはその他)および集中管理装置を含んでいる。「送電網」は、異なる電源からの電力をマクロレベルで送電網のインフラストラクチャー全体にわたって共有することができるように、その他の電源と接続することもできる。しかし、送電網は、従来、関連付けられる電柱および鉄塔を伴う公益事業体の電力線などのかなりの量のインフラストラクチャーならびに電力を配電するための変電所を含んでいる。送電網は、従来、相互接続された需要家のピーク時の需要を満たすだけの十分な電力を提供できる大規模な発電機に基づいている。顧客としては、住宅、企業、セルラー電話タワー、もしくはその他の公共施設ボックス、またはその他の電力利用者を挙げることができる。最も少量のエネルギー利用者から商用重機の大電力需要を有する大企業まで、異なる需要家によってピーク需要が異なる場合がある。
以下の説明は、本発明の実施形態の実施の例として示された実例を有する図の検討を含んでいる。図面は、制限としてではなく、例として理解すべきものである。本明細書内で使用するにあたって、1つ以上の「実施形態」に関する言及は、本発明の少なくとも1つの実施態様に含まれる特定の機構、構造、および/または特徴の記述として理解すべきである。したがって、本明細書内に記載されている「一実施形態」または「別の実施形態」のような言い回しは、本発明の様々な実施形態および実施態様を記述しており、必ずしもすべてが同一の実施形態を指すものではない。しかし、これらはまた、必ずしも相互に排他的ではない。
本明細書で説明するとき、制御ノードは、分散送電網の制御を可能とする。複数の独立した制御ノードを送電網全体に分散させることができる。制御ノードは、複数の制御ノードを複数の制御ノードの共通の制御ノードに接続することにより階層的に構造化することができる。各制御ノードは、送電網との共通結合点(point of common coupling:PCC)を管理する。PCCは、複数の下流側の負荷および/または局所電源が送電網に接続される相互接続点である。本明細書内の目的として、各制御ノードは、複数の負荷および/またはエネルギー源に結合し、したがって、PCCと関連付けられる。各制御ノードはその送電網とのインターフェースまたは相互接続をその他一切の制御ノードから独立して管理するので、送電網制御インテリジェンスを送電網全体にわたって分散させることができる。
「更新」は、旧い値の修正であることができ、値の置換であることができ、またはコントローラー1530がアクセスするメモリー内の異なる場所に記憶させることもできる。一実施形態において、更新テーブル1534の各値は、点集合のうちの各々について「増加」「減少」、または変化なしを示す。このような値は、発生器1540の出力を制御して出力信号を所望の理想波形に収束させるハードウェアに適用される。
(PCC)において送電網と結合する送電網接続装置であって、この送電網のセグメントは、複数の需要家ノードおよび需要家ノードにおける複数の局所的なエネルギー源を含むものである、送電網接続装置と、送電網のセグメントの局所的なエネルギー源の有効電力発生容量が送電網のセグメントのピーク有効電力需要の閾値割合を超える場合に、送電網のセグメントが飽和閾値を超えることを決定するためのコントローラーと、電力変換器に接続される入出力部(input/output:I/O)とを含むコントローラーであって、このコントローラーは、I/Oを介して1つ以上の信号を電力変換器に送って、電力変換器に、送電網のセグメントと集中送電網管理装置との間のインターフェースを動的に調節させて集中送電網管理装置から見たときの送電網のセグメントの有効電力対無効電力の比を調節させる。
本明細書内で説明したこと以外でも、開示した本発明の実施形態および実施態様の範囲から逸脱せずに、これらに様々な修正を施すことができる。したがって、本明細書内の図示および例は例示的であって、制限的ではないと解釈すべきである。本発明の範囲は、以下の請求項を参照することによってのみ判断すべきである。
Claims (11)
- 送電網を制御する方法であって、
制御ノードを用いて、公益事業体の送電網との共通結合点(PCC)の需要家の側における、該PCC及び前記制御ノードの下流側の発電機器及び負荷に対して、前記需要家の側から前記PCCにおいて見た発電量および電力需要を監視するステップであって、
前記需要家の側は、下流側の前記発電量および下流側の前記電力需要と前記PCCを境に同じ側にあり、前記制御ノードは前記PCCに結合された複数の制御ノードの1つであり、
各制御ノードは、該各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードを監視することを含み、そして、前記各制御ノードの下流側の発電量および電力需要を監視する、前記監視するステップと、及び
前記制御ノードと関連付けられた、前記PCCの前記需要家の側における電力変換器の動作を調節して、前記制御ノード及び該制御ノードからの信号による前記監視することに応答して、前記PCCと前記下流側の発電機器及び負荷との間の電力潮流を制御し、前記需要家から制御ノードに関して見られるような前記PCCの下流側の電力潮流の有効電力対無効電力の比を調節し、前記制御ノードに関連付けられた前記電力変換器の動作及び下流側の他の制御ノードに関連付けられた電力変換器の動作は、前記各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードに対する発電量および電力需要を含む、前記PCCの送電網側から前記PCCから見られる電気的特徴を変更して、前記送電網側から前記PCCにおいて見られる前記PCCにおける送電網の規制の準拠を維持するステップと、を含む、方法。 - 前記PCCが顧客の施設と前記制御ノードのメーターの下流側の前記送電網との接続、又は前記メーターの下流側の複数の顧客の施設を包含する近隣地域の送電網との接続を備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記PCCが集中送電網管理装置の下流側に少なくとも1つの追加のPCCを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電力変換器の動作を調節するステップが、前記PCCの前記需要家の側において前記電力変換器によって発電された無効電力の位相オフセットを調節するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 送電網を制御する装置であって、
制御ノードの共通結合点(PCC)において前記送電網と結合する送電網接続装置であって、前記制御ノードは前記PCCに接続された複数の制御ノードの1つである、送電網接続装置と、
各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードを監視することを含み、前記PCCの下流側および、前記制御ノードと前記PCCを境に同じ側にあり、かつ前記送電網の集中送電網管理装置とは前記PCCを境に反対側にある、前記PCCの需要家の側から見た前記PCCの需要家の側の制御ノードの下流側の発電量および電力需要を監視するコントローラーと、及び、
前記制御ノード及び該制御ノードからの信号による前記監視することに応答して、 前記制御ノードに関して前記PCCの前記需要家の側から見られる、前記PCCと前記下流側の発電量又は電力需要との間の電力潮流を調節し、前記需要家から前記制御ノードに関して見られるような前記PCCの下流側の電力潮流の有効電力対無効電力の比を変更する、電力変換器と、を備え
前記電力変換器の動作及び前記複数の制御ノードの他方と関連付けられた電力変換器の動作は、各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードに対する発電量および電力需要を含む、前記PCCの送電網の側から前記PCCにおいて見られる電気的特徴を変更して、前記送電網の側から前記PCCにおいて見られる前記PCCにおける送電網の規制の準拠を維持する、装置。 - 前記PCCが、顧客の施設の送電網と前記送電網との接続、複数の顧客の施設を包含する前記送電網のサブセクションの送電網との接続、近隣地域と前記送電網との接続、または前記送電網のインフラストラクチャーの変圧器を含む接続点を備える、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記電力変換器は、前記送電網から見たときの電力の無効電力成分の前記PCCにおける調節を含め、前記電力潮流を調節するものである、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記電力変換器は、前記送電網から見たときの電力の有効電力成分の前記PCCにおける調節を含め、前記電力潮流を調節するものである、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 電力計量装置であって、
制御ノードの共通結合点(PCC)において送電網と結合する送電網接続装置であって、前記制御ノードは前記PCCに接続された複数の制御ノードの1つである、送電網接続装置と、
各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードを監視することを含み、前記PCCの下流側および、前記制御ノードと前記PCCを境に同じ側にあり、かつ前記送電網の集中送電網管理装置とは前記PCCを境に反対側にある、前記PCCの需要家の側から見た前記PCCの需要家の側の制御ノードの下流側の発電量および電力需要を監視するコントローラーと、及び、
電力変換器に接続される入出力部(input/output:I/O)とを備え、前記コントローラーは、前記I/Oを介して1つ以上の信号を前記電力変換器に送って、前記電力変換器に、前記制御ノード及び該制御ノードからの信号による前記監視することに応答して、
前記制御ノードに関して前記PCCの前記需要家の側から見られる、前記PCCと前記下流側の発電量又は電力需要との間の電力潮流を調節させ、前記需要家から前記制御ノードに関して見られるような前記PCCの下流側の電力潮流の有効電力対無効電力の比を変更させるようになっており、
前記電力変換器の動作及び前記複数の制御ノードの他方と関連付けられた電力変換器の動作は、前記各制御ノードの下流側の他の制御ノードに対する発電量および電力需要を含む、前記PCCの送電網の側から前記PCCにおいて見られる電気的特徴を変更して、前記送電網の側から前記PCCにおいて見られる前記PCCにおける送電網の規制の準拠を維持させる、電力計量装置。 - 前記コントローラーは、再生エネルギー源によって発電された電力の前記制御ノードにおける監視を含め、前記発電を監視するものである、請求項9に記載の電力計量装置。
- 前記コントローラーが、前記I/Oを介して信号を送って、前記電力変換器に、前記送電網から見たときの電力の無効電力成分の前記PCCにおける調節を含め、前記電力潮流を調節させる、請求項9に記載の電力計量装置。
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