JP7109650B2 - 電力用半導体装置および電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力用半導体装置および電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7109650B2 JP7109650B2 JP2021501833A JP2021501833A JP7109650B2 JP 7109650 B2 JP7109650 B2 JP 7109650B2 JP 2021501833 A JP2021501833 A JP 2021501833A JP 2021501833 A JP2021501833 A JP 2021501833A JP 7109650 B2 JP7109650 B2 JP 7109650B2
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Description
(構成)
図1は、本実施の形態1におけるパワーモジュール301(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す断面図である。図2は、領域II(図1)に対応する概略的な部分断面図である。パワーモジュール301は、パワー半導体素子101(電力用半導体装置)と、封止部材390と、リードフレーム371と、リードフレーム372と、ボンディングワイヤ350と、はんだ層361とを有している。
図8は、パワー半導体素子101(図7)の製造方法を概略的に示すフロー図である。図9~図13は、パワー半導体素子101の製造方法の第1~第5工程を概略的に示す部分断面図である。
図14は、曲率半径の比率R2/R1(図6参照)と、熱サイクル後のパワーモジュール301の不良率との関係の実験結果を示すグラフ図である。具体的には、パワーモジュール301へ、-50℃と175℃との間の温度変化が1000サイクル与えられた後、漏れ電流が測定された。漏れ電流の値が正常値に比して3桁以上増大していた場合、パワーモジュール301が故障したと判定された。
上述したように、絶縁保護膜60の内縁B2(図6)の曲線部分は、一般に、絶縁保護膜60の亀裂の起点となりやすい。本実施の形態によれば、曲率半径R1に比して曲率半径R2が大きいことによって、内縁B2が絶縁保護膜60の亀裂の起点とはなりにくくなる。さらに、曲率半径R2に比して曲率半径R1が相対的に小さいことによって、終端領域RTの角部CNにおいて、絶縁保護膜60のうち層間絶縁膜52およびソース電極21によってかさ上げされる部分の幅が、より確保される。具体的には、図2において、絶縁保護膜60の上部の幅WDが、より確保される。これにより、応力ST(図2)への絶縁保護膜60の耐性が高められる。よって、絶縁保護膜60の破壊を抑制することができる。
本実施の形態においては、図6を参照して前述したように、外縁B1、内縁B2および外縁B3の各々は、仮想線HAの近傍において円弧形状を有しており、各円弧形状に基づいて、曲率半径R1、曲率半径R2および曲率半径R3が算出され得る。しかしながら、これら縁形状は、図6に示されたものに限定されるものではない。
本実施の形態においては、ゲート構造がプレーナ型である場合について詳述したが、ゲート構造はトレンチ型であってもよい。またnチャネル型MOSFETについて説明したが、p型およびn型の導電型を逆にすることによって、pチャネル型のMOSFETが製造されてもよい。また、終端領域RTにおいて半導体層13がガードリング領域13dを有する形態を示したが、終端領域RTにおける不純物領域の構成は、パワー半導体素子101に求められる耐電圧に応じて適宜選択されてよい。
(構成)
図15は、本実施の形態2におけるパワーモジュール302(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す断面図である。図16は、図15の一部を概略的に示す部分断面図である。図17は、パワーモジュール301に含まれるパワー半導体素子102(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す部分断面図である。
図18は、本実施の形態2におけるパワー半導体素子102の製造方法を概略的に示すフロー図である。なおステップS6までは、実施の形態1(図8)と同様の工程が行われてよい。本実施の形態2においては、ステップS7(図18)にて、ソース電極21上に金属層22が形成される。以下、その工程にめっき法が用いられる場合について詳述する。
図19は、パワーモジュール302(図16)が有するパワー半導体素子102の金属層22の厚みと、短絡時にパワー半導体素子102が破壊するまでの時間との関係の実験結果を示すグラフ図である。この結果から、破壊までの時間を延ばすためには、金属層22の厚みが1μm以上であることが好ましく、3μm以上であることがより好ましいことがわかった。
本実施の形態によれば、ソース電極21上の金属層22の熱容量によって、短絡時にパワー半導体素子102が破壊するまでの時間を延ばすことができる。これにより、瞬間的な短絡への耐性が高められる。また、継続的な短絡の場合であっても、破壊までの時間が十分に長ければ、パワー半導体素子102に接続された回路による保護動作のための時間を確保することができる。よって、パワー半導体素子102の故障の発生を抑制することができる。
図20は、本実施の形態3におけるパワー半導体素子103(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す部分断面図である。本実施の形態においては、層間絶縁膜51および層間絶縁膜52(図7)に代わって、層間絶縁膜51Aおよび層間絶縁膜52Aが設けられている。層間絶縁膜51Aおよび層間絶縁膜52Aは、珪素、ホウ素およびリンを含む。好ましくは層間絶縁膜51Aおよび層間絶縁膜52Aは、上記材料のガラス、すなわちBPSG(Boro-Phospho Silicate Glass:ボロン・リン・シリケートガラス)を含み、BPSGからなってよい。ソース電極21Aは、粒界CBを有しており、粒界CB上に位置する凹みDTが設けられた表面を有している。
本実施の形態によれば、層間絶縁膜52は珪素、ホウ素およびリンを含む。これにより、層間絶縁膜52の縁での厚み変化をなだらかなものとしやすい。よって、層間絶縁膜52の縁の近傍での、層間絶縁膜52を覆う膜の形状の乱れを、抑制することができる。よって、層間絶縁膜52の縁の近傍での、層間絶縁膜52を覆う膜の剥離を、抑制することができる。特に、層間絶縁膜52の外縁の近傍での絶縁保護膜60の剥離を抑制することができる。
(構成)
図21は、本実施の形態4におけるパワーモジュール304(電力用半導体装置)の構成を、図16(実施の形態2)と同様の視野で概略的に示す部分断面図である。図22は、パワーモジュール304(図21)に含まれるパワー半導体素子104(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す部分断面図である。
ステップS6(図18)までは実施の形態2の場合と同様の工程が行われてよい。本実施の形態においては、ステップS7(図18)において、以下の処理が行われる。
本実施の形態によれば、金属層22と絶縁保護膜60との間に空隙70が設けられる。これにより、前述した実施の形態2において図16を参照して説明した応力ST2の低減効果を顕著に高めることができる。よって、絶縁保護膜60の破壊を、より抑制することができる。
図24は、本実施の形態5におけるパワー半導体素子105(電力用半導体装置)の構成を、図22と同様の視野で概略的に示す部分断面図である。
図25は、本実施の形態6におけるパワー半導体素子106(電力用半導体装置)の構成を、図24と同様の視野で概略的に示す部分断面図である。本実施の形態においては、絶縁保護膜60の内端面FIと金属層22の外端面FEとが部分的に互いに接している。よって空隙70は絶縁保護膜60の内端面FIと金属層22の外端面FEとの間を部分的にのみ隔てている。金属層22の外端面FEは、厚み方向(図25における縦方向)において50%以上の割合で空隙70に面していることが好ましい。より好ましくは、空隙70は、図25に示されているように、ソース電極21Aの表面(図中、上面)までは達しておらず、当該表面から離れている。その場合、金属層22と絶縁保護膜60とがソース電極21A上で接している。
本実施の形態7においては、上述した実施の形態1~6のいずれかに係るパワーモジュール(電力用半導体装置)が適用された電力変換装置について説明する。当該適用は特定の電力変換装置へのものに限定されるものではないが、以下においては、電力変換装置として、三相のインバータについて詳述する。
Claims (20)
- 角部を有する終端領域と、前記終端領域の内側の素子領域とを有する電力用半導体装置であって、
前記素子領域および前記終端領域にまたがる半導体基板と、
前記終端領域において前記半導体基板上に外縁を有する層間絶縁膜と、
前記素子領域において前記半導体基板に接し、前記終端領域において前記層間絶縁膜上に外縁を有する電極と、
前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁の少なくとも角部を直接覆い、かつ前記電極の前記外縁を覆い、前記電極上に内縁を有する絶縁保護膜と、
を備え、
前記終端領域の前記角部において、前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁は曲率半径R1を有し、前記絶縁保護膜の前記内縁は曲率半径R2を有し、前記曲率半径R2は前記曲率半径R1よりも大きい、電力用半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁保護膜は有機物を含む、請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記層間絶縁膜は無機物を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記絶縁保護膜の線膨張率は、前記層間絶縁膜の線膨張率よりも大きい、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記電極および前記絶縁保護膜を覆う封止部材をさらに備える、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記封止部材は、熱硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項5に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂はエポキシ樹脂を含む、請求項6に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記封止部材の線膨張率は、前記絶縁保護膜の線膨張率よりも大きい、請求項5から7のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記層間絶縁膜の線膨張率は前記封止部材の線膨張率よりも小さい、請求項5から8のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記半導体基板の少なくとも一部は炭化珪素を含む、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記半導体基板は、100μm以下の厚みを有している、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記絶縁保護膜は、前記半導体基板の面積の半分以上の面積を有する開口部を有している、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 角部を有する終端領域と、前記終端領域の内側の素子領域とを有する電力用半導体装置であって、
前記素子領域および前記終端領域にまたがる半導体基板と、
前記終端領域において前記半導体基板上に外縁を有する層間絶縁膜と、
前記素子領域において前記半導体基板に接し、前記終端領域において前記層間絶縁膜上に外縁を有する電極と、
前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁と前記電極の前記外縁とを覆い、前記電極上に内縁を有する絶縁保護膜と、
を備え、
前記終端領域の前記角部において、前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁は曲率半径R1を有し、前記絶縁保護膜の前記内縁は曲率半径R2を有し、前記曲率半径R2は前記曲率半径R1よりも大きく、
前記終端領域の前記角部おいて、前記電極の前記外縁は曲率半径R3を有しており、前記曲率半径R3は前記曲率半径R1より小さい、電力用半導体装置。 - 前記層間絶縁膜の外縁の曲線部分の曲率半径および前記絶縁保護膜の前記内縁の曲率半径は、前記終端領域の前記角部の半角に対応する仮想線上で最小値を有している、請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 角部を有する終端領域と、前記終端領域の内側の素子領域とを有する電力用半導体装置であって、
前記素子領域および前記終端領域にまたがる半導体基板と、
前記終端領域において前記半導体基板上に外縁を有する層間絶縁膜と、
前記素子領域において前記半導体基板に接し、前記終端領域において前記層間絶縁膜上に外縁を有する電極と、
前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁と前記電極の前記外縁とを覆い、前記電極上に内縁を有する絶縁保護膜と、
を備え、
前記終端領域の前記角部において、前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁は曲率半径R1を有し、前記絶縁保護膜の前記内縁は曲率半径R2を有し、前記曲率半径R2は前記曲率半径R1よりも大きく、
前記電極上に、外端面を有する金属層をさらに備え、
前記絶縁保護膜は前記金属層の前記外端面に対向する内端面を有している、電力用半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁保護膜の前記内端面と前記金属層の前記外端面とは少なくとも部分的に互いに接している、請求項15に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記絶縁保護膜の前記内端面および前記金属層の前記外端面は、前記絶縁保護膜の前記内端面と前記金属層の前記外端面との間を少なくとも部分的に隔てる空隙を介して互いに対向している、請求項15または16に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記層間絶縁膜は、珪素、ホウ素およびリンを含む、請求項1から17のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 角部を有する終端領域と、前記終端領域の内側の素子領域とを有する電力用半導体装置であって、
前記素子領域および前記終端領域にまたがる半導体基板と、
前記終端領域において前記半導体基板上に外縁を有する層間絶縁膜と、
前記素子領域において前記半導体基板に接し、前記終端領域において前記層間絶縁膜上に外縁を有する電極と、
前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁と前記電極の前記外縁とを覆い、前記電極上に内縁を有する絶縁保護膜と、
を備え、
前記終端領域の前記角部において、前記層間絶縁膜の前記外縁は曲率半径R1を有し、前記絶縁保護膜の前記内縁は曲率半径R2を有し、前記曲率半径R2は前記曲率半径R1よりも大きく、
前記層間絶縁膜は、珪素、ホウ素およびリンを含み、
前記電極は、粒界を有しており、前記粒界上に位置する凹みが設けられた表面を有している、電力用半導体装置。 - 請求項1から19のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置を有し、入力される電力を変換して出力する主変換回路と、
前記主変換回路を制御する制御信号を前記主変換回路に出力する制御回路と、
を備えた電力変換装置。
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