JP7078111B2 - 水素製造装置および水素製造方法 - Google Patents
水素製造装置および水素製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 100
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 96
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Description
図1は、第1の実施形態の水素製造装置100を説明する図である。なお、図1中、実線の矢印は、原料ガスの流れを示す。図1中、破線の矢印は、第1ガスの流れを示す。また、図1中、一点鎖線の矢印は、第2ガスの流れを示す。図1中、白抜き矢印は、集光された太陽光を示す。また、第1の実施形態において、第1炉230が第2炉240より高温である場合を例に挙げて説明する。
2nCH4 + 6nH2 → nC2H2 + 9nH2 …反応式(1)
2nCH4 + 6nH2 → nC2H4 + 8nH2 …反応式(2)
なお、反応式(1)、反応式(2)中、nは1以上の整数である。
nC2H2 → 2nC + nH2 …反応式(3)
nC2H4 → 4nC + 2nH2 …反応式(4)
なお、反応式(3)、反応式(4)中、nは1以上の整数である。また、上記カーボンナノチューブは、単層カーボンナノチューブ(直径1nmオーダー)、多層カーボンナノチューブ(直径10nmオーダー)、カーボンナノファイバー(直径100nmオーダー)、および、カーボンファイバー(直径1000nmオーダーから直径100000nmオーダー)のうちいずれか1または複数である。
続いて、上記水素製造装置100を用いた水素製造方法について説明する。図3は、第1の実施形態の水素製造方法の処理の流れを説明するフローチャートである。図3に示すように、水素製造方法は、第1ガス生成工程S110と、第2ガス生成工程S120とを含む。
第1ガス生成工程S110は、第1炉230が、原料ガスおよび水素の混合ガスを1000℃以上2000℃以下に加熱する工程である。第1ガス生成工程S110が遂行されることにより、アセチレン、エチレン、および、水素を少なくとも含む第1ガスが生成される。
第2ガス生成工程S120は、第2炉240が、第1ガスからナノ炭素材料への反応を促進する触媒の存在下で、第1ガスを500℃以上1200℃以下に維持する工程である。第2ガス生成工程S120が遂行されることにより、アセチレンおよびエチレンが熱分解され、ナノ炭素材料、および、少なくとも水素を含む第2ガスが生成される。
上記第1の実施形態の第1炉230は、触媒を収容していない。しかし、第1炉330が触媒を収容してもよい。
Claims (9)
- 少なくともメタンを含む原料ガスと、水素との混合ガスを1000℃以上2000℃以下に加熱する第1炉と、
前記第1炉で生成された第1ガスからナノ炭素材料への反応を促進する触媒が収容され、前記第1ガスを500℃以上1200℃以下に維持する第2炉と、
を備え、
前記ナノ炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、および、カーボンナノファイバーのいずれか一方または両方である水素製造装置。 - 前記第1炉で生成された前記第1ガスを600℃以下まで急冷する冷却部を備え、
前記第2炉には、前記冷却部で急冷された前記第1ガスが導入される請求項1に記載の水素製造装置。 - 前記第1炉は、前記混合ガスの、アセチレンおよびエチレンのいずれか一方または両方への反応を促進する触媒を収容する請求項1に記載の水素製造装置。
- 前記第1炉および前記第2炉のうち低温の炉は、高温の炉から放出された熱を加熱源とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の水素製造装置。
- 少なくとも前記第1炉の加熱源は、太陽光を集光して太陽熱を発生させる集光装置である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の水素製造装置。
- 前記第1炉および前記第2炉のうち低温の炉から放出された熱で前記原料ガスを予熱する予熱部を備える請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の水素製造装置。
- 前記第2炉で生成された第2ガスと、前記原料ガスとを熱交換させる第1熱交換部を備え、
前記予熱部には、前記第1熱交換部で熱交換された前記原料ガスが導入される請求項6に記載の水素製造装置。 - 前記第1炉から排出された前記第1ガスと、前記予熱部によって予熱された前記原料ガスとを熱交換させる第2熱交換部を備え、
前記第2炉には、前記第2熱交換部によって熱交換された前記第1ガスが導入される請求項6または7に記載の水素製造装置。 - 少なくともメタンを含む原料ガスと、水素との混合ガスを1000℃以上2000℃以下に加熱して第1ガスを生成し、
前記第1ガスからナノ炭素材料への反応を促進する触媒の存在下で、前記第1ガスを500℃以上1200℃以下に維持して前記第1ガスを前記ナノ炭素材料へ変換させ、
前記ナノ炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、および、カーボンナノファイバーのいずれか一方または両方である水素製造方法。
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