JP7076241B2 - 酸化触媒の粉末、触媒担持構造体、酸化触媒の粉末の製造方法、および、触媒担持構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
酸化触媒の粉末、触媒担持構造体、酸化触媒の粉末の製造方法、および、触媒担持構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7076241B2 JP7076241B2 JP2018055160A JP2018055160A JP7076241B2 JP 7076241 B2 JP7076241 B2 JP 7076241B2 JP 2018055160 A JP2018055160 A JP 2018055160A JP 2018055160 A JP2018055160 A JP 2018055160A JP 7076241 B2 JP7076241 B2 JP 7076241B2
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- cerium dioxide
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 126
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 126
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000608 Fe(NO3)3.9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020851 La(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018380 Mn(NO3)2.6H2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si] SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、排ガス浄化システム8の構成を示す図である。排ガス浄化システム8は、エンジンから排出される排ガスを浄化するものである。排ガス浄化システム8は、DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)81と、SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)触媒コンバータ85と、尿素噴射器86とを備える。DPF81、尿素噴射器86およびSCR触媒コンバータ85は、排ガスが流れる方向に沿って、この順にて配置される。
図2は、酸化触媒を担持する触媒担持構造体1を簡略化して示す図である。触媒担持構造体1は、一方向に長い筒状部材であり、図2では、触媒担持構造体1の長手方向における一方側の端面を示している。図3は、触媒担持構造体1を示す断面図であり、図3では、触媒担持構造体1の長手方向に沿う断面の一部を示している。
図5は、酸化触媒2の1つの粒子を模式的に示す図である。酸化触媒2は、二酸化セリウム(CeO2)粒子21と、二酸化セリウム粒子21により保持される金属酸化物22とを備える。各二酸化セリウム粒子21は、例えば二酸化セリウムの微粒子の集合体(凝集粒子)である。図5では、凝集粒子である1つの二酸化セリウム粒子21を1つの丸により示している。二酸化セリウム粒子21は、ランタン(La)、アルミニウム(Al)および鉄(Fe)の少なくとも一種である補助成分を含む。補助成分は、ランタン、アルミニウムおよび鉄からなる群から選択される一種または二種以上である。後述するように、二酸化セリウム粒子21が補助成分を含むことにより、酸化触媒2の耐熱性が向上する。
図6は、酸化触媒2を製造する処理の流れを示す図である。まず、補助成分の原料を水に溶解させ、補助成分の水溶液が得られる。補助成分の原料は、例えば、硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3・6H2O)、硝酸アルミニウム(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)、硝酸鉄(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)である。続いて、二酸化セリウムの粉末が当該水溶液に混合される。当該水溶液から水を蒸発させ、補助成分および二酸化セリウムを含む混合物の粉末が得られる。そして、当該粉末を所定の温度(例えば、500~700℃)にて大気中で焼成することにより、補助成分を含む二酸化セリウム粒子21が生成される(ステップS11)。二酸化セリウム粒子21では、例えば、補助成分の酸化物の微粒子が、二酸化セリウムの微粒子と共に凝集する、または、二酸化セリウムの結晶中に、補助成分が固溶する。
次に、酸化触媒2を用いた触媒担持構造体1の製造について説明する。図7は、触媒担持構造体1を製造する処理の流れを示す図である。まず、ハニカム構造体10が作製されて準備される(ステップS21)。ハニカム構造体10の作製では、例えば、セラミック原料、バインダ、造孔材等を含む坏土を押出成形することにより、成形体が作製される。成形体は、筒状部材であり、内部が隔壁により複数のセルに仕切られる。各セルの一方の端部には、必要に応じて、封止部を形成するためのスラリーが充填される。そして、成形体を焼成することにより、ハニカム構造体10が作製される。成形体の焼成前に、成形体を乾燥および仮焼してもよい。
ここで、酸化触媒の二酸化セリウム粒子が補助成分を含まない触媒担持構造体を比較例の触媒担持構造体として、上記触媒担持構造体1と比較する。比較例の触媒担持構造体は、二酸化セリウム粒子が補助成分を含まない点を除き、触媒担持構造体1と同様である。
次に、実施例について述べる。ここでは、実施例1~11、並びに、比較例1~3として、表1中に示す条件にて酸化触媒および触媒担持構造体を作製した。
酸化触媒の作製では、まず、補助成分の硝酸塩(La(NO3)3・6H2O、Al(NO3)3・9H2O、Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)の粉末および水を秤量し、硝酸塩を容器内の水に溶解させて補助成分を含む水溶液を得た。実施例1~6、9~11では、ランタン(La)を補助成分として用い、実施例7では、アルミニウム(Al)を補助成分として用い、実施例8では、鉄(Fe)を補助成分として用いた。
比較例1~3の触媒担持構造体の作製は、酸化触媒の作製において補助成分(ランタン、アルミニウムおよび鉄)を用いなかった点を除き、実施例1~11と同じである。なお、比較例1~3では、ハニカム構造体の作製の際に、結合材原料として金属珪素を用いた。
作製した酸化触媒における構成結晶相を同定した。構成結晶相の同定では、まず、X線回折装置を用いてX線回折パターンを得た。X線回折装置としては、回転対陰極型X線回折装置(理学電機社製、RINT)を用いた。X線回折測定の条件は、CuKα線源、50kV、300mA、2θ=10~60°とした。X線回折データの解析は、MDI社製の「X線データ解析ソフトJADE7」を用いて行い、酸化触媒の構成結晶相を同定した。実施例1~11、並びに、比較例1~3の酸化触媒に対する構成結晶相の同定結果を表3に示す。表3では、後述の熱処理の前後における構成結晶相の同定結果を示している。表3において、各結晶相の列に記す「〇」は当該結晶相の存在を意味し、「-」は当該結晶相の不存在を意味する。実施例1~4,7~11、並びに、比較例1~3では、熱処理後においてFeMnO3の存在が確認された。
耐熱試験として、各触媒担持構造体において、熱処理前後におけるNO2変換率を測定した。実施例1~11、並びに、比較例1~3の触媒担持構造体に対する耐熱試験の結果を表4に示す。表4では、熱処理前の各触媒担持構造体に対する、一定流量のガスにおける初期の圧力損失(初期圧力損失)の測定結果も示している。
上記酸化触媒2、触媒担持構造体1、酸化触媒の製造方法、および、触媒担持構造体の製造方法では様々な変形が可能である。
2 酸化触媒
10 ハニカム構造体
12 隔壁
13 セル
21 二酸化セリウム粒子
22 金属酸化物
S11,S12,S21,S22 ステップ
Claims (8)
- 酸化触媒の粉末であって、
鉄を補助成分として含む二酸化セリウム粒子と、
前記二酸化セリウム粒子に保持されるとともに、鉄およびマンガンを含む金属酸化物と、
を備え、
前記二酸化セリウム粒子において、前記補助成分が二酸化セリウムと共に凝集している、または、二酸化セリウムの結晶中に、前記補助成分が固溶していることを特徴とする酸化触媒の粉末。 - 請求項1に記載の酸化触媒の粉末であって、
前記補助成分の質量の比率が、前記二酸化セリウム粒子に含まれるセリウムに対して酸化物換算で3~45質量%であることを特徴とする酸化触媒の粉末。 - 請求項1または2に記載の酸化触媒の粉末であって、
前記金属酸化物の質量の比率が、前記酸化触媒の粉末の全体に対して5~40質量%であることを特徴とする酸化触媒の粉末。 - 触媒担持構造体であって、
内部が隔壁により複数のセルに仕切られたセル構造体と、
前記隔壁に担持される、請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の酸化触媒の粉末と、
を備えることを特徴とする触媒担持構造体。 - 請求項4に記載の触媒担持構造体であって、
貴金属を含まないことを特徴とする触媒担持構造体。 - 酸化触媒の粉末の製造方法であって、
鉄を補助成分として含む二酸化セリウム粒子を生成する工程と、
鉄およびマンガンを含む金属酸化物を前記二酸化セリウム粒子に保持させる工程と、
を備え、
前記二酸化セリウム粒子において、前記補助成分が二酸化セリウムと共に凝集している、または、二酸化セリウムの結晶中に、前記補助成分が固溶していることを特徴とする酸化触媒の粉末の製造方法。 - 触媒担持構造体の製造方法であって、
内部が隔壁により複数のセルに仕切られたセル構造体を準備する準備工程と、
請求項6に記載の酸化触媒の粉末の製造方法により製造された酸化触媒の粉末を、前記隔壁に担持させる担持工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする触媒担持構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の触媒担持構造体の製造方法であって、
前記担持工程において、前記セル構造体に対して前記酸化触媒の粉末を分散させた液が付与されることを特徴とする触媒担持構造体の製造方法。
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