JP6990224B2 - 治療方法 - Google Patents
治療方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6990224B2 JP6990224B2 JP2019205104A JP2019205104A JP6990224B2 JP 6990224 B2 JP6990224 B2 JP 6990224B2 JP 2019205104 A JP2019205104 A JP 2019205104A JP 2019205104 A JP2019205104 A JP 2019205104A JP 6990224 B2 JP6990224 B2 JP 6990224B2
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- Prior art keywords
- seq
- defensin
- fungal
- defensins
- nail
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Description
本願は、2014年10月21日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/066,808号、発明の名称「A method of treatment」に関連し、かつその優先権を主張する。本仮出願の全内容は参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本開示は、ヒトおよび動物における、背側かつ末端の指節骨を覆う角状の外皮および動物における関連する脳の突出部、ならびにヒトおよび動物の表面上のケラチンを含む物質の真菌感染の制御に関する。これらの外皮および関連する突出部ならびにケラチンを含む物質の真菌感染の制御に有用な作用物質、天然製剤、合成製剤、および抽出物もまた、本開示に包含される。1つの態様において、本開示は、爪の真菌感染、特にヒトにおける爪真菌症の治療を教示する。
本明細書において著者によって言及された刊行物の文献の詳細は本明細書の最後にアルファベット順に集められている。
アミノ酸配列は配列識別子番号(SEQ ID NO)によって表される。SEQ ID NOは、配列識別子<400>1(SEQ ID NO:1)、<400>2(SEQ ID NO:2)などに数値的に対応する。配列識別子をまとめたものを表1に示す。配列表は、添付の特許請求の範囲の後に示す。
[本発明1001]
対象上の、背側もしくは末端の指節骨を覆う角状の外皮または関連する脳の突出部またはケラチンを含む物質またはケラチンを含む物質のための毛包に対する真菌病原体の感染を阻害するための方法であって、感染の症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下で、外皮または突出部またはケラチンを含む物質を、外皮もしくは突出部もしくはケラチンを含む物質を透過するSEQ ID NO:1~47から選択される植物ディフェンシンまたはその機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体または最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシンまたはN末端アラニン残基を有するSEQ ID NO:1~23から選択されるディフェンシン(SEQ ID NO:25~47)または外皮もしくは突出部もしくはケラチンを含む物質を透過するように製剤化されたディフェンシンの有効量と接触させる工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1002]
外皮が、足指もしくは手指の爪、かぎ爪、または蹄であり、関連する脳の突出部が角である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
感染が、爪真菌症または関連する状態に関連する、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
関連する状態が、爪、かぎ爪、蹄、または角の周囲の表皮組織の白癬または感染である、本発明1003の方法。
[本発明1005]
ケラチンを含む物質が、髪、毛皮、または皮膚である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1006]
ディフェンシンが、SEQ ID NO:24に示すコンセンサスアミノ酸配列を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1007]
ディフェンシンが、SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、およびSEQ ID NO:3からなる群より選択される、本発明1006の方法。
[本発明1008]
ディフェンシンが、SEQ ID NO:4~23およびSEQ ID NO:25~47からなる群より選択される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1009]
ディフェンシン変異体が、ナス科クラスIIディフェンシン由来の対応するループ1Bを置換するクラスIディフェンシン由来のループ1Bを含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1010]
ディフェンシン変異体が、HXP4、HXP34、およびHXP35からなるリストから選択される、本発明1009の方法。
[本発明1011]
ディフェンシンが、抗真菌剤との相乗的組み合わせで用いられる、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1012]
抗真菌剤が、約0.4~約12 kDのペプチドまたはプロテイナーゼ阻害剤である、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1013]
抗真菌剤が、テルビナフィン、イトラコナゾール(intraconazole)、フルコナゾール、シクロピロックス、クロトリマゾール、アモロルフィン、およびブテナフィンから選択される化学的殺真菌剤である、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1014]
真菌病原体が、皮膚糸状菌、カンジダ種、および非皮膚糸状菌から選択される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1015]
皮膚糸状菌が、トリコフィトン・ルブルム(Trichophyton rubrum)、トリコフィトン・インタージギターレ(Trichophyton interdigitale)、トリコフィトン・ビオラセウム(Trichophyton violaceum)、トリコフィトン・トンスランス(Trichophyton tonsurans)、トリコフィトン・ソウダネンセ(Trichophyton soudanense)、トリコフィトン・メンタグロフィテス(Trichophyton mentagrophytes)を含むトリコフィトン属の種(Trichophyton species)、ミクロスポルム・フルブム(Microsporum fulvum)、エピデルモフィトン・フロッコーズム(Epidermophyton floccosum)、またはミクロスポルム・ギプセウム(Microsporum gypseum)である、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1016]
非皮膚糸状菌が、ネオスキタリジウム属(Neoscytalidium)、スコプラリオプシス属(Scopulariopsis)、アクレモニウム属(Acremonium)、およびスキタリジウム属(Scytalidium)の種である、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1017]
非皮膚糸状菌が、ネオスキタリジウム属およびスコプラリオプシス属の種を含む、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1018]
感染の症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下でのSEQ ID NO:1~47から選択される植物ディフェンシン、またはその機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体、または最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシン、またはN末端アラニン残基を有するSEQ ID NO:1~23(SEQ ID NO:25~47)から選択されるディフェンシン、ならびに1つまたは複数の薬学的にまたは獣医学的に許容される担体、希釈剤および/または賦形剤を含む、爪真菌症または関連する状態を治療するのに使用するための、局所用製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1019]
関連する状態が白癬である、本発明1018の製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1020]
感染の症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下でのSEQ ID NO:1~47から選択される植物ディフェンシン、またはその機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体、または最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシン、またはN末端アラニン残基を有するSEQ ID NO:1~23(SEQ ID NO:25~47)から選択されるディフェンシン、ならびに1つまたは複数の薬学的にまたは獣医学的に許容される担体、希釈剤および/または賦形剤を含む、ケラチンを含む物質の感染を治療するのに使用するための、局所用製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1021]
ケラチンを含む物質が、髪、毛皮、または皮膚である、本発明1020の製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1022]
製剤が、身体用もしくは髪用の洗浄剤もしくは塗布剤、スプレー、滴剤、クリーム、またはローションアプリケータである、本発明1018~1021のいずれかの製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1023]
ディフェンシンがコンセンサスアミノ酸配列SEQ ID NO:24によって定義される、本発明1018または1020の製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1024]
ディフェンシンが、SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、およびSEQ ID NO:3からなる群より選択される、本発明1023の製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物。
[本発明1025]
ヒトまたは動物対象における爪真菌症または関連する状態の治療または予防のための医薬の製造における、本発明1018~1024のいずれかの製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物の使用。
[本発明1026]
ヒトまたは動物対象上のケラチンを含む物質の治療または予防のための医薬の製造における、本発明1018~1024のいずれかの製剤または細胞もしくは植物抽出物の使用。
[本発明1027]
ケラチンを含む物質が髪、毛皮、または皮膚である、本発明1026の使用。
[本発明1028]
爪、かぎ爪、蹄、または角上の真菌病原体の感染を阻害するための方法であって、感染の症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下で症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下で、爪、かぎ爪、蹄、または角を、爪、かぎ爪、蹄、または角を透過するSEQ ID NO:1~47から選択される植物ディフェンシンまたはその機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体または最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシンまたはN末端アラニン残基を有するSEQ ID NO:1~23(SEQ ID NO:25~47)から選択されるディフェンシンまたは爪、かぎ爪、蹄、もしくは角を透過するように製剤化されたディフェンシンの有効量と接触させる工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1029]
症状が爪真菌症または関連する状態に関連する、本発明1028の方法。
[本発明1030]
関連する状態が、爪、かぎ爪、蹄、または角の周囲にある表皮における白癬または感染である、本発明1029の方法。
[本発明1031]
ケラチンを含む物質に感染する真菌病原体の感染を阻害するための方法であって、感染の症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下で症状を回復させるのに十分な時間および条件下で、該物質を、ケラチンを透過するSEQ ID NO:1~47から選択される植物ディフェンシンまたはその機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体または最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシンまたはN末端アラニン残基を有するSEQ ID NO:1~23(SEQ ID NO:25~47)から選択されるディフェンシンまたはケラチンを透過するように製剤化されたディフェンシンの有効量と接触させる工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1032]
ケラチンを含む物質が、髪、毛皮、または皮膚である、本発明1031の方法。
[本発明1033]
ディフェンシンがコンセンサスアミノ酸配列SEQ ID NO:24によって定義される、本発明1028または1031の方法。
[本発明1034]
ディフェンシンが、SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、およびSEQ ID NO:3からなる群より選択される、本発明1033の方法。
本明細書全体を通じて、文脈によって他に必要とされない限り、単語「含む(comprise)」または「含む(comprises)」もしくは「含む(comprising)」などの変化形は、規定された要素もしくは整数もしくは方法の工程、または要素もしくは整数もしくは方法の工程の集まりを含むことを意味するが、任意の要素もしくは整数もしくは方法の工程、または要素もしくは整数もしくは方法の工程の集まりを排除することを意味しないことが理解されるだろう。
(i)SEQ ID NO:24に示すコンセンサスアミノ酸配列を有するディフェンシン;
(ii)HXL008(SEQ ID NO:1)、HXL035(SEQ ID NO:2)、およびHXL036(SEQ ID NO:3)からなる群より選択されるディフェンシン;
(iii)HXL001(SEQ ID NO:4)、HXL002(SEQ ID NO:5)、HXP35(SEQ ID NO:3)、HXL003(SEQ ID NO:6)、HXL004(SEQ ID NO:7)、HXL005(SEQ ID NO:8)、HXL009(SEQ ID NO:9)、HXL012(SEQ ID NO:10)、HXL013(SEQ ID NO:11)、HXL015(SEQ ID NO:12)、HXL032(SEQ ID NO:13)、HXL033(SEQ ID NO:14)、HXL034(SEQ ID NO:15)、NsD1(SEQ ID NO:16)、NsD2(SEQ ID NO:17)、NaD1(SEQ ID NO:18)、NoD173(SEQ ID NO:19)、DmAMP1(SEQ ID NO:20)、HXP4(SEQ ID NO:21)、HXP34(SEQ ID NO:22)、およびHXP35(SEQ ID NO:23)からなる群より選択されるディフェンシン;
(iv)SEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つの機能的な天然のもしくは合成の誘導体もしくは変異体;
(v)最適アライメント後にSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するディフェンシン;
(vi)N末端アラニン残基を含むSEQ ID NO:1~47のいずれか1つ(すなわち、SEQ ID NO:25~47);および/または
(vii) SEQ ID NO:1~3のいずれか1つに対して少なくとも80%の類似性を有するかまたは最適アライメント後のディフェンシン。便宜上、これらのディフェンシンは、SEQ ID NO:24に示すコンセンサスアミノ酸配列の範囲内に包含される。
ピキア・パストリスからのディフェンシンの精製
pPINK-ディフェンシン ピキア・パストリス(P. pastoris)PichiaPink(商標)strain 1のシングルコロニーを、250 mLフラスコ中の25 mLのBMG培地(Invitrogen Pichia Expression Manualに記載)に播種し、30℃振盪インキュベーター(140 rpm)内で2~3日間にわたってインキュベートする。培養物を、1 Lバッフル付きフラスコ中の200 mLのBMGに播種し、30℃振盪インキュベーター(140 rpm)内に一晩置く。細胞を遠心分離(1,500×g、10分、4℃)により収集し、5 Lバッフル付きフラスコ中の1 LのBMM培地内に再懸濁し、28℃振盪インキュベーター内で3日間(NaD1では2日間)インキュベートする。培養物をt=24時間および48時間で誘導する。発現培地を遠心分離(6000 rpm、20分、4℃)により細胞から分離する。100 mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液pH 6.0で予め平衡化したSP Sepharoseカラム(1 cm×1 cm、Amersham Biosciences)にアプライする前に、培地をpH 3.0に調整する。次いで、カラムを100 mLの100 mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液pH 6.0で洗浄する(HXL004については洗浄×2)。結合タンパク質を、500 mM NaClを含有する10×10 mLの100 mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液で溶出する。ドットブロットを行い、最も高い濃度の溶出タンパク質を有する画分を特定し、その画分を濃縮カラムを用いて1 mLに濃縮し、滅菌ミリQ超純水を用いて5×洗浄する。ピキア発現ディフェンシンのタンパク質濃度を、タンパク質標準物質としてウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を用いるビシンコニン酸(BCA)タンパク質アッセイ(Pierce Chemical Co.)を用いて決定する。
植物ディフェンシンの存在下でのトリコフィトン・ルブルムおよびミクロスポルム・フルブムの増殖の阻害
植物ディフェンシンには、ナス科クラスIIディフェンシン(NaD1)およびクラスIディフェンシン(HXL001、HXL002、HXL004、HXL005、HXL008、HXL009、HXL012、HXL013、HXL015、NaD2)が含まれる。配列識別子については表1および2を参照されたい。
HXL008の存在下で28日間にわたるトリコフィトン・ルブルムの増殖の阻害
トリコフィトン・ルブルム(the National Mycology Reference Centre, South Australia Pathology at the Women’s and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australiaから入手)の増殖に対するHXL008の阻害作用を28日間にわたってモニターした。
植物ディフェンシンによるヒト爪の透過
NaD1によるヒト爪の透過を、Hui et al. (2002) J Pharm Sci 91(1):189-195の方法にしたがって測定した。ヒトの足指の爪をScienceCare(USA)から入手し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(詳述、PBS)で洗浄した後に、PBSで浸漬しているキムワイプ上に3時間置き、爪を再水和した。次いで、爪を、0.5×0.5 cmの投与区域を有するプラスチックの爪アダプター(Permagear, USA)内に配置し、75マイクロリットルのPBSで湿らせた綿棒をレセプター槽内に爪の下側と接触させ配置した。
植物ディフェンシンの存在下での大腸菌の増殖の阻害
大腸菌シングルコロニーを5 mlのLuria-Bertani培地に播種し、37℃で一晩増殖させた。次の日、培養物の吸光度を測定し、大腸菌をMueller-Hinton Broth中で0.01の600 nmでの吸光度(OD600)に希釈した。希釈した大腸菌を、10 μM、5 μM、2.5 μM、1.25 μM、0.625 μM、0.3125 μM、または0.1625 μMの濃度のディフェンシンと共に96ウェルプレートに添加した。プレートをOD595で読み取り、0時間のデータ点を得た。プレートを37℃で18時間インキュベートした後に、再びOD595で読み取り、大腸菌増殖の量を評価した。
植物ディフェンシンの存在下での哺乳類細胞の生存
ヒト単球性リンパ腫(U937)細胞をRPMI-1640培地中で培養する。全ての培養培地に5~10%v/vウシ胎児血清、100 U/mlのペニシリン、および100 μg/mlのストレプトマイシンを補充する。細胞株を、5%v/v CO2を含有する加湿された雰囲気中で37℃にて培養する。接着性の細胞株を、0.25%v/vトリプシンおよび0.5 μM EDTAを含有する混合物を添加することによって、フラスコから剥離させる。
植物ディフェンシンの存在下でのヒト赤血球細胞の溶解
ヒト赤血球細胞(RBC)を全血から収集し、1×PBSで洗浄し、1000×gで10分間ペレット化した。RBCを、植物ディフェンシンによる処理用に10倍に希釈し(100 μM)、5%v/v CO2/95%v/v大気の加湿した雰囲気下で一晩インキュベートした。インキュベーションの24時間後に、細胞を1×PBSで100倍に希釈した上清と共に10分間2000 rpmで遠心分離した。次いで、RBC溶解の指標となるヘモグロビンの放出を、412 nmでの吸光度の測定により決定した。結果を水で処理したRBC(100%溶解に指定)に対して正規化した。
HXL008によるヒト爪の透過に対する製剤成分の作用
HXL008を、水、50 mMクエン酸緩衝液pH 4.0、または20%v/vエタノールおよび0.5 mM EDTAを含有する50 mMクエン酸緩衝液pH 4.0のいずれかで10 mg/mLの濃度に溶解した。各製剤中のHXL008によるヒト爪の透過を、上記Hui et al. (2002)の方法にしたがって測定した。ヒト足指爪をScienceCare(USA)から入手し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で洗浄した後に、PBSで浸漬しているキムワイプ上に3時間置き、爪を再水和した。次いで、爪を、0.5×0.5 cmの投与区域を有するプラスチックの爪アダプター(Permagear, USA)内に配置し、75マイクロリットルのPBSで湿らせた綿棒をレセプター槽内に爪の下側と接触させ配置した。
ピキア・パストリスを用いる植物ディフェンシンの組換え発現
植物ディフェンシンHXL008、HXL008+ala、HXL004、およびNaD1を、方法で説明したようにピキア・パストリスにおいて発現させた。
HXL008+alaの大規模発現および精製
HXL008+alaのオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)をピキア発現ベクターpPIC9内にクローニングする。このORFを、α-因子分泌シグナルを有するフレーム中かつKEX2切断部位の直ぐ下流に挿入する。次いで、プラスミドを、制限酵素SalIを用いてHIS4選択カセット内で直線化し、エレクトロコンピテントGS115ピキア・パストリス細胞内に形質転換する。陽性コロニーを、ヒスチジンを欠く培地を用いて選択する。陽性コロニーを5 mLのYPDに播種し、振盪インキュベーター内で30℃にて25時間インキュベートする。培養中の細胞を20%グリセロールと一緒に混合し、急速凍結し、-80℃で保存する。
Claims (12)
- (a)SEQ ID NO:25、SEQ ID NO:26、およびSEQ ID NO:27からなる群より選択される、植物ディフェンシン、ならびに
(b)有機酸
を含む、局所用製剤。 - 洗浄剤、塗布剤、スプレー、クリーム、またはローションである、請求項1記載の局所用製剤。
- 局所用製剤中の植物ディフェンシンの濃度が、約0.1重量/体積%~約10重量/体積%である、請求項1または2記載の局所用製剤。
- 尿素、還元剤、ペルオキシド、リン酸、チオグリコール酸、水酸化カリウム、および水酸化ナトリウムからなる群より選択される透過剤を含まない、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の局所用製剤。
- 尿素を含まない、請求項4記載の局所用製剤。
- アルコール、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、グリコール、シクロメチコン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルキトサン、ポリビニルピロリドン、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、および乳酸ミリスチルからなる群より選択される追加の賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の局所用製剤。
- 追加の賦形剤が、アルコール、グリコール、およびエチレンジアミン四酢酸からなる群より選択される、請求項6記載の局所用製剤。
- 追加の賦形剤がアルコールである、請求項7記載の局所用製剤。
- アルコールがエタノールである、請求項8記載の局所用製剤。
- 有機酸が、クエン酸および酢酸からなる群より選択される、請求項1~9のいずれか一項記載の局所用製剤。
- 有機酸がクエン酸である、請求項10記載の局所用製剤。
- 有機酸が酢酸である、請求項10または11記載の局所用製剤。
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