JP6940537B2 - 低電力で組織をシーリングする装置及び方法 - Google Patents
低電力で組織をシーリングする装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2010年6月7日付けで出願された米国仮特許出願第61/352,114号、及び2010年6月6日付けで出願された米国特許出願第13/153,513号の優先権を主張する。出願第61/352,114号及び出願第13/153,513号の詳細は、参照することにより本出願全体に、そしてあらゆる適切な目的のために組み入れられる。
また、特許文献2(米国特許第6,113,598号明細書)には、血管溶接のための高周波医療器具および方法が開示され、特許文献3(欧州特許第640317号明細書(特開平7−171163号公報))には、種々のインピーダンス,厚さ,脈管質の組織を焼灼及び/又は溶接するのに用いられる外科用電気装置が開示されている。
しかしながら、この分野における従来技術は、脈管をシーリングするためには高い電流及び高い発電器電流出力が必要となるという認識において一貫している。マイクロ外科処置、アクセス困難な解剖、又は小児科患者の一般外科処置中に存在する小型内径血管によって提供される独自の環境に対処している従来技術は何もない。より小さな空間内でより小さな血管内径に対してより効果的に働くように形成されたより小型サイズ(シャフトの形体及び入口点の形体の両方)の器具で効果的且つ安全に血管をシーリングする技術又は装置に関与する従来技術は何もない。効果的な血管シーリング技術及びエネルギー供給シーケンシングを開発するのに際して、外科用器具のサイズ及びエンドエフェクタの表面積の役割を認識している従来技術は何もない。
〔特許文献〕
1つの態様によれば、電気外科用脈管シーリング・システムは、僅か7ワットの印加電力によって、制御されたRF脈管シーリングを形成することができる。
別の態様によれば、電気外科用脈管シーリング・システムは、上限75ボルト及び1.3〜1.8アンペアの範囲で印加された、僅か15ワットの電力によって、制御されたRF脈管シーリングを形成することができ、且つ、あらゆるサイズの脈管、並びに組織束及び腸間膜をシーリングするのに利用されることができる。更なる実施態様の場合、電気外科用脈管シーリング・システムは、上限75ボルト及び0.8〜1.2アンペアの範囲で印加された、7ワット〜15ワットの定電力によって、制御されたRF脈管シーリングを形成することができる。
下記の開示との関連において読めば、本発明に基づく装置及び方法の他の態様が当業者には明らかになる。
本発明に基づいて構成された装置の態様は、電気的に絶縁された互いに対向するエンドエフェクタ・ジョー部材を含んでいる。これらのジョー部材は、外科処置を受ける組織、例えば血管へのエネルギー供給を可能にする。これらのジョーは同時二重作用様式で開くことが好ましいが、他のジョー運動力学も考えられる。ジョーはシャフトの遠位端に配置されている。シャフトは、開放処置、内視鏡処置、又は腹腔鏡処置における外科処置部位の可視性を最大化するために役立つ。器具シャフトの長さは、設計された用途に応じて10cm〜30cmであってよい。1実施態様では、器具シャフトは15cm〜20cm長であってよい。さらに本発明の態様は、剛性シャフト器具、及び可撓性シャフト器具、例えば操舵可能な外科システム又はロボット外科システムにおいて見いだされるような器具との関連において用いられることができる。
本発明の発電器及び電気的態様に関連して、本発明の態様に従って構成された装置の特徴は、それぞれ以下で詳述する次のもののうちの1つ又は2つ以上を含んでいてよい。
シーリング過程全体を通して、ジョーに印加された電圧及び電流を測定することによって脈管のインピーダンスをリアルタイムで計算する(Z=V/I)。インピーダンスが規定のフォーマットに従うことが知られているので、電力プロファイル曲線をその設定の次の位相に進ませるようにトリップポイントとして作用するインピーダンス閾値を設定することができる。しかし、時間が経過する前にインピーダンス限界に達しない場合には、曲線は次の位相に進む。それぞれの曲線位相は「OR」論理に従って次の位相に進む。インピーダンス又は時間に基づくパラメータのいずれか1つに達した場合には、電力プロファイルは前進させられる。
下記例は、本発明の態様を例示するものであるが、米国特許法35 U.S.C.§112、欧州特許法第123(2)条、又は説明の妥当性に関連する任意の対応国内法に基づいて、限定的であることはない。これらの例を提供することによって、試験結果の範囲内での変更形、及び相応の実施形及び請求の範囲が、当業者には明らかに且つ一義的に開示されると考えられる。
試験では、僅か7ワットの印加電力で血管の制御されたRFシーリングを達成し得ることが確認された。このようなシーリング中に印加される電圧及び電流はそれぞれ50ボルト未満、0.6A未満であった。使用されるジョーの面積は0.148平方センチメートル(0.023平方インチ)/14.84mm2である。システムによって印加された最大電流密度は、I/A=0.6アンペア/14.84mm2又は0.040A/mm2によって表される。
a.器具ジョーを0.013センチメートル(0.005インチ)以下に圧縮するのに十分な圧力を組織に加える。また、この圧力は、組織が加熱中に収縮するとき、ジョーが撓むことがなく且つジョー間のギャップが一定に保たれるほど十分に高くなければならない。試験データは、この所要圧力が448.5kPa〜759kPa(65〜110lb/in2)であることを示している。別の実施態様の場合、所要圧力は最大約862.5kPa(125lb/in2)であってよい。
b.次いで、電流密度が0.034〜0.1アンペア/mm2となるように、組織に無線周波数電流を印加する。この電流は、内弾性板が融合するように組織を迅速に加熱するのに十分な量である。このことが生じるためには、約140℃の温度が必要となる。
c.この電流密度を供給するための発電器からの電力供給量は、概ね20ワット未満であるが、35ワットの高さであってもよい。電力が高ければ高いほどシーリング時間を短縮することができる。
d.組織が乾燥し始めたら、電力を60〜80%だけ低減してよい。そしてシャットオフ前に所定の時間にわたって加熱を続ける。組織インピーダンスが150〜250オームのレベルに達したとき又は設定時間間隔を置いて、電力を低減することができる。
e.システムの電圧を100ボルトRMS未満に制限し、そしてピーク電圧を典型的には85ボルトRMSの範囲にする。
f.上記工程間に、1つ又は2つ以上の待機状態を挿入してもよい。
装置の試験の別の態様において、電流及び電圧の制限を実施した。観察に基づいて述べるならば、100Vまで電圧を制限することによって、アーキングが2〜7mm幅の脈管において排除された。これらのパラメータは、任意のパーセンテージでジョーに充填された脈管をシーリングすることを可能にし、ひいてはこの方法及び装置は、組織材料をジョーに完全充填したものに限定されることはなかった。実験検証として、電圧制限を150ボルトに上げると、再びアーキングが発生した。このことは、電圧制限がアーキング発生を正しく阻止することを立証した。次に実施される一連のシーリングのために、電圧最大値を75〜100ボルトに設定した。
− Pmax=15W
− Pmaxにおける時間=2.5秒
− Pmin=5W
− Pminにおける時間=1秒
− Vmax=75V
− Imax=1.8A
− Pmaxまでの時間=0.01
− PmaxからPminまでの時間=0.01秒
Claims (8)
- 電気外科用の器具であって、
エンドエフェクタに動作可能に結合された電源と、
一対のジョーであって、該一対のジョーの間に配置された組織に作用を及ぼすための一対のジョーを有する、前記エンドエフェクタと、を備え、
前記電源は、バック−ブースト変換器に第1の信号および第2の信号を入力するように構成されており、
前記バック−ブースト変換器は、出力をHブリッジ回路に送信するように構成されており、
前記Hブリッジ回路は、スイッチングによって矩形波信号を生成し、かつ該矩形波信号を共振LCトランスフォーマ回路に渡すように構成されており、
前記電源は、電力信号を送信するように構成されており、
前記一対のジョーは、電力信号を受信するために電源に動作可能に結合され、その電力は、電流及び電圧がそれぞれの最大値まで変動するのを許容しつつ、一定に保持され、
前記電力は、一対のジョーの間に位置する組織を3秒以内にシーリングするように構成されている、
器具。 - 前記一対のジョーは、組織を、0.127ミリメートル(0.005インチ)以下に圧縮するように構成された、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記共振LCトランスフォーマ回路は、キャパシタ、インダクタ、およびトランスフォーマを含み、トランスフォーマは1:9トランスフォーマである、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記電力は、1.5アンペア以下である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の器具。
- 前記一対のジョーは、517kPa(75lb/in2)から758kPa(110lb/in2)の間の圧力を加えるように構成された、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の器具。
- 前記一対のジョーのそれぞれは、1.0から3.5ミリメートルの間のシーリング長さを有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の器具。
- 前記一対のジョーの各々は、8.0から12.0ミリメートルの間のシーリング長さを有する、請求項6に記載の器具。
- 前記電力は、25ワット以下である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の器具。
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JP6309762B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 |
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US10166064B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
US20160192978A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
EP4115836A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
US9265561B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
WO2011156310A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
JP2019084380A (ja) | 2019-06-06 |
US20150342664A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
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