JP2018086292A - 低電力で組織をシーリングする装置及び方法 - Google Patents
低電力で組織をシーリングする装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年6月7日付けで出願された米国仮特許出願第61/352,114号、及び2010年6月6日付けで出願された米国特許出願第13/153,513号の優先権を主張する。出願第61/352,114号及び出願第13/153,513号の詳細は、参照することにより本出願全体に、そしてあらゆる適切な目的のために組み入れられる。
下記の開示との関連において読めば、本発明に基づく装置及び方法の他の態様が当業者には明らかになる。
本発明に基づいて構成された装置の態様は、電気的に絶縁された互いに対向するエンドエフェクタ・ジョー部材を含んでいる。これらのジョー部材は、外科処置を受ける組織、例えば血管へのエネルギー供給を可能にする。これらのジョーは同時二重作用様式で開くことが好ましいが、他のジョー運動力学も考えられる。ジョーはシャフトの遠位端に配置されている。シャフトは、開放処置、内視鏡処置、又は腹腔鏡処置における外科処置部位の可視性を最大化するために役立つ。器具シャフトの長さは、設計された用途に応じて10cm〜30cmであってよい。1実施態様では、器具シャフトは15cm〜20cm長であってよい。さらに本発明の態様は、剛性シャフト器具、及び可撓性シャフト器具、例えば操舵可能な外科システム又はロボット外科システムにおいて見いだされるような器具との関連において用いられることができる。
本発明の発電器及び電気的態様に関連して、本発明の態様に従って構成された装置の特徴は、それぞれ以下で詳述する次のもののうちの1つ又は2つ以上を含んでいてよい。
シーリング過程全体を通して、ジョーに印加された電圧及び電流を測定することによって脈管のインピーダンスをリアルタイムで計算する(Z=V/I)。インピーダンスが規定のフォーマットに従うことが知られているので、電力プロファイル曲線をその設定の次の位相に進ませるようにトリップポイントとして作用するインピーダンス閾値を設定することができる。しかし、時間が経過する前にインピーダンス限界に達しない場合には、曲線は次の位相に進む。それぞれの曲線位相は「OR」論理に従って次の位相に進む。インピーダンス又は時間に基づくパラメータのいずれか1つに達した場合には、電力プロファイルは前進させられる。
下記例は、本発明の態様を例示するものであるが、米国特許法35 U.S.C.§112、欧州特許法第123(2)条、又は説明の妥当性に関連する任意の対応国内法に基づいて、限定的であることはない。これらの例を提供することによって、試験結果の範囲内での変更形、及び相応の実施形及び請求の範囲が、当業者には明らかに且つ一義的に開示されると考えられる。
試験では、僅か7ワットの印加電力で血管の制御されたRFシーリングを達成し得ることが確認された。このようなシーリング中に印加される電圧及び電流はそれぞれ50ボルト未満、0.6A未満であった。使用されるジョーの面積は0.148平方センチメートル(0.023平方インチ)/14.84mm2である。システムによって印加された最大電流密度は、I/A=0.6アンペア/14.84mm2又は0.040A/mm2によって表される。
a.器具ジョーを0.013センチメートル(0.005インチ)以下に圧縮するのに十分な圧力を組織に加える。また、この圧力は、組織が加熱中に収縮するとき、ジョーが撓むことがなく且つジョー間のギャップが一定に保たれるほど十分に高くなければならない。試験データは、この所要圧力が448.5kPa〜759kPa(65〜110lb/in2)であることを示している。別の実施態様の場合、所要圧力は最大約862.5kPa(125lb/in2)であってよい。
b.次いで、電流密度が0.034〜0.1アンペア/mm2となるように、組織に無線周波数電流を印加する。この電流は、内弾性板が融合するように組織を迅速に加熱するのに十分な量である。このことが生じるためには、約140℃の温度が必要となる。
c.この電流密度を供給するための発電器からの電力供給量は、概ね20ワット未満であるが、35ワットの高さであってもよい。電力が高ければ高いほどシーリング時間を短縮することができる。
d.組織が乾燥し始めたら、電力を60〜80%だけ低減してよい。そしてシャットオフ前に所定の時間にわたって加熱を続ける。組織インピーダンスが150〜250オームのレベルに達したとき又は設定時間間隔を置いて、電力を低減することができる。
e.システムの電圧を100ボルトRMS未満に制限し、そしてピーク電圧を典型的には85ボルトRMSの範囲にする。
f.上記工程間に、1つ又は2つ以上の待機状態を挿入してもよい。
装置の試験の別の態様において、電流及び電圧の制限を実施した。観察に基づいて述べるならば、100Vまで電圧を制限することによって、アーキングが2〜7mm幅の脈管において排除された。これらのパラメータは、任意のパーセンテージでジョーに充填された脈管をシーリングすることを可能にし、ひいてはこの方法及び装置は、組織材料をジョーに完全充填したものに限定されることはなかった。実験検証として、電圧制限を150ボルトに上げると、再びアーキングが発生した。このことは、電圧制限がアーキング発生を正しく阻止することを立証した。次に実施される一連のシーリングのために、電圧最大値を75〜100ボルトに設定した。
− Pmax=15W
− Pmaxにおける時間=2.5秒
− Pmin=5W
− Pminにおける時間=1秒
− Vmax=75V
− Imax=1.8A
− Pmaxまでの時間=0.01
− PmaxからPminまでの時間=0.01秒
Claims (26)
- 最大5ミリメートルの直径を有する流体運搬脈管の通路をシーリングするための外科システムであって、
電気外科用電力を供給することができる電気外科用発電器と、
該電気外科用発電器に電気的に接続された外科用器具であって、前記電気外科用発電器から、該外科用器具の遠位端に配置された一対のエンドエフェクタへ電気外科用電力を運ぶようになっており、該外科用器具エンドエフェクタが前記脈管の通路を閉じるようになっている、外科用器具と、
前記エンドエフェクタを通して無線周波数エネルギーを前記脈管へ供給することを制御するための電力制御回路であって、前記無線周波数エネルギーの前記脈管への供給が、
出力電流を0.2〜1.75アンペアRMSの値まで上昇させ且つ出力電圧を5〜135ボルトRMSまで上昇させることと、
前記無線周波数エネルギーを所定の時間にわたって前記脈管に印加することと、
シーリングされる前記脈管のインピーダンスをモニタリングすることと、
前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスが既定のレベルに達すると、前記無線周波数エネルギーの流れを終了させることと
を含む、電力制御回路と
を具備する、外科システム。 - 前記無線周波数エネルギーは1平方ミリメートル当たり0.12アンペア未満の電流密度で前記脈管に供給される、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記無線周波数エネルギーは1平方ミリメートル当たり0.034〜0.1アンペアの電流密度で前記脈管に供給される、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記無線周波数エネルギーは2〜5秒間にわたって前記脈管に供給される、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記外科用器具エンドエフェクタのそれぞれが22平方ミリメートル未満の接触表面積を有している、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記外科用器具エンドエフェクタのそれぞれが15〜22平方ミリメートルの接触表面積を有している、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記出力電流が0.75〜1.00アンペアRMSまで上昇させられる、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記出力電圧が70〜90ボルトRMSまで上昇させられる、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- 前記外科用器具エンドエフェクタは、172.5kPa〜862.5kPaの圧力を前記脈管の通路に印加するようになっている、請求項1に記載の外科システム。
- エンドエフェクタを含む脈管シーリング用外科用器具に無線周波数エネルギーを供給するための電力制御システムであって、
出力電圧及び出力電流を前記エンドエフェクタに供給するための電力供給装置と、
シーリングされる前記脈管のインピーダンスを検出するためのインピーダンス検知回路と、
前記外科用器具に供給される電気外科用電力を自動的にシーケンシングするための電力シーケンシング・モジュールであって、
前記電力供給装置の出力電流を0.5〜1.75アンペアRMSまで上昇させ且つ前記電力供給装置の出力電圧を5〜135ボルトRMSまで上昇させ、
シーリングされる前記脈管に所定の時間にわたって電力を印加し、
前記インピーダンス検知回路を介して前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスをモニタリングし、且つ
前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスが既定のレベルに達すると、前記シーリングされる脈管への電力の流れを終了させるようになっている電力シーケンシング・モジュールと
を具備する、電力制御システム。 - 前記電力シーケンシング・モジュールは、前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスが150オーム以上に達すると、前記シーリングされる脈管への前記電力の流れを終了させる、請求項10に記載の電力制御システム。
- 前記電力シーケンシング・モジュールはさらに、前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスが既定のレベルに達すると、前記シーリングされる脈管に供給される前記電力を60%〜80%だけ低減するようになっている、請求項10に記載の電力制御システム。
- 前記電力シーケンシング・モジュールはさらに、前記シーリングされる脈管への前記電力の流れを終了させる前に既定の長さの時間にわたって前記シーリングされる脈管に前記低減された電力を供給するようになっている、請求項12に記載の電力制御システム。
- 前記電流シーケンシング・モジュールはさらに、2〜5秒間にわたって前記脈管に電力を供給するようになっている、請求項10に記載の電力制御システム。
- 患者の流体運搬脈管の内側通路をシーリングする方法であって、
無線周波数エネルギー源にカップリングされたエンドエフェクタ器具で脈管の周りに力を加えるステップと、
前記流体運搬脈管に電気外科用電力を印加するステップであって、該電気外科用電力の出力電流が0.5〜1.75アンペアRMSであり、該電気外科用電力の出力電圧が5〜135ボルトRMSである、ステップと、
前記流体運搬脈管へ印加される電気外科用電力を2〜5秒間にわたって維持するステップと、
前記流体運搬脈管への電気外科用電力の供給を終了させるステップと
を含む、方法。 - さらに、シーリングされる前記脈管の一部のインピーダンスをモニタリングするステップを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記電気外科用電力の流れは、シーリングされる前記脈管のインピーダンスが既定のレベルに達すると、終了させられる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記既定のインピーダンス・レベルは150〜250オームである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記流体運搬脈管に供給される前記電気外科用電力は1平方ミリメートル当たり0.034〜0.1アンペアの電流密度を有している、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記流体運搬脈管に供給される前記電気外科用電力は0.052アンペア/mm2〜0.068アンペア/mm2の電流密度を有している、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記脈管のインピーダンスが105オーム以上に達すると、シーリングされる前記脈管に供給される前記電力を60%〜80%だけ低減することを更に含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 最大5ミリメートルの直径を有する流体運搬脈管の通路をシーリングするための外科システムであって、
電気外科用電力を供給することができる電気外科用発電器と、
該電気外科用発電器に電気的に接続された外科用器具であって、前記電気外科用発電器から、該外科用器具の遠位端に配置された一対のエンドエフェクタへ電気外科用電力を運ぶようになっており、該外科用器具エンドエフェクタが前記脈管の通路を閉じるようになっている、外科用器具と、
前記エンドエフェクタを通して無線周波数エネルギーを前記脈管へ供給することを制御するための電力制御回路であって、前記無線周波数エネルギーの前記脈管への供給が、
出力電流を0.2〜1.75アンペアRMSの第1電流範囲まで上昇させ且つ出力電圧を5〜135ボルトRMSの第1電圧範囲まで上昇させることと、
前記出力電流が前記第1電流範囲の間で変動し且つ前記出力電圧が前記第1電圧範囲の間で変動することを許容しつつ前記電力をほぼ一定に保ちながら、所定の時間にわたって前記脈管に無線周波数エネルギーを印加することと、
シーリングされる前記脈管のインピーダンスをモニタリングすることと、
前記シーリングされる脈管のインピーダンスが既定のレベルに達すると、前記無線周波数エネルギーの流れを終了させることと
を含む、電力制御回路と
を具備する、外科システム。 - 前記無線周波数エネルギーは1平方ミリメートル当たり0.034〜0.1アンペアの電流密度で前記脈管に供給される、請求項22に記載の外科システム。
- 前記無線周波数エネルギーは2〜5秒間にわたって前記脈管に供給される、請求項22に記載の外科システム。
- 前記外科用器具エンドエフェクタのそれぞれが22平方ミリメートル未満の接触表面積を有している、請求項22に記載の外科システム。
- 前記電気外科用発電器は9〜16ワットの定電力を供給し、総電力出力は25ワット以下である、請求項22に記載の外科システム。
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