JP6906274B2 - 外用組成物、眼科用組成物、抗菌剤、及び抗菌方法 - Google Patents
外用組成物、眼科用組成物、抗菌剤、及び抗菌方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6906274B2 JP6906274B2 JP2015130875A JP2015130875A JP6906274B2 JP 6906274 B2 JP6906274 B2 JP 6906274B2 JP 2015130875 A JP2015130875 A JP 2015130875A JP 2015130875 A JP2015130875 A JP 2015130875A JP 6906274 B2 JP6906274 B2 JP 6906274B2
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
<1>(A)下記式(1)
(式中、Rは、水素原子又は―C(O)R1で表される基である。R1は、炭素数9〜19の、飽和脂肪族基又は1個の不飽和結合を有する脂肪族基である。mは、0又は1である。)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩(以下、「(A)成分」ともいう)を含む、抗菌用の外用組成物。
<2>アクネ菌に対する抗菌用である、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<3>真菌に対する抗菌用である、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<4>体臭の原因菌に対する抗菌用である、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<5>口腔内の抗菌用又は殺菌用である、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<6>う歯及び歯周病からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を抑制、改善又は予防するための、<5>記載の外用組成物。
<7>アトピー性皮膚炎を抑制、改善又は予防するための、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<8>眼科用である、<1>記載の外用組成物。
<9>(A)成分以外の抗菌成分をさらに含む、<1>〜<8>のいずれか記載の外用組成物。
<10>(A)下記式(1)
(式中、Rは、水素原子又は―C(O)R1で表される基である。R1は、炭素数9〜19の、飽和脂肪族基又は1個の不飽和結合を有する脂肪族基である。mは、0又は1である。)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、抗菌剤。
<11>(A)下記式(1)
(式中、Rは、水素原子又は―C(O)R1で表される基である。R1は、炭素数9〜19の、飽和脂肪族基又は1個の不飽和結合を有する脂肪族基である。mは、0又は1である。)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を抗菌成分として用いることを特徴とする、抗菌方法。
<12>(A)下記式(1)
(式中、Rは、水素原子又は―C(O)R1で表される基である。R1は、炭素数9〜19の、飽和脂肪族基又は1個の不飽和結合を有する脂肪族基である。mは、0又は1である。)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、眼科用組成物。
本発明の外用組成物は、下記式(1)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩((A)成分)を含む。本発明の外用組成物は、(A)成分を含むことで、抗菌性に優れる。なお、本発明の外用組成物は、(A)成分以外に、溶媒や、本発明の効果を向上させる目的で、各種任意成分を含んでいてもよい。以下、(A)成分、溶媒及び任意成分について説明する。
(A)成分は下記式(1)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩であり、ペプチドからなる部分を含む。さらにこのペプチドからなる部分はヒスチジン又はグリシニルヒスチジンから構成される。
本発明の外用組成物は、水、アルコール、親水性有機溶媒、脂肪酸、高級脂肪酸エステル類、グリセライド又は疎水性有機溶媒、或いは、これらの混和し得る混合溶媒を含む。これらの溶媒に(A)成分が特定の割合で投入されると、ゲル化を起こし、適度な粘度を有する肌馴染みの良い外用組成物とすることができる。
本発明の外用組成物は、本発明の効果を向上させる目的で(A)成分に加えて、ビタミン類、1,2−アルカンジオール、殺菌剤、多価アルコール、グリコールエーテル、増粘剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分をさらに含むことができる。なお、これらの化合物は、それぞれ1種単独で使用してもよく、また2種以上を任意に組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、これら以外にも、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でその他の成分を使用してもよい。なお、各成分として具体的に例示されている化合物が重複している場合には、いずれかの成分として含まれていればよい。
前記ビタミン類としては、例えば、レチノール、酢酸レチノール、パルミチン酸レチノール等のレチノール誘導体、レチナール、レチノイン酸、レチノイン酸メチル、レチノイン酸エチル、レチノイン酸レチノール、d−δ−トコフェリルレチノエート、α−トコフェリルレチノエート、β−トコフェリルレチノエート等のビタミンA類;β−カロチン、α−カロチン、γ−カロチン、δ−カロチン、リコピン、ゼアキサンチン、クリプトキサンチン、エキネノン等のプロビタミンA類;δ−トコフェロール、α−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、コハク酸dl−α−トコフェロール、コハク酸dl−α−トコフェロールカルシウム、δ−トコフェロール、ニコチン酸トコフェロール等のビタミンE類;リボフラビン、フラビンモノヌクレオチド、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド、リボフラビン酪酸エステル、リボフラビンテトラ酪酸エステル、リボフラビン5’−リン酸エステルナトリウム、リボフラビンテトラニコチン酸エステル等のビタミンB2類;ニコチン酸メチル、ニコチン酸、ニコチン酸アミド等のニコチン酸類;ステアリン酸アスコルビル、ジパルミチン酸L−アスコルビル、テトライソパルミチン酸アスコルビル(テトラ2−ヘキシルデカン酸アスコルビル)、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、デヒドロアスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸リン酸エステルナトリウム、アスコルビン酸リン酸エステルマグネシウム、アスコルビン酸グルコシド、3−O−エチルアスコルビン酸等のビタミンC類;メチルヘスペリジン、エルゴカルシフェロール、コレカルシフェロール等のビタミンD類;フィロキノン、ファルノキノン等のビタミンK類;ジベンゾイルチアミン、ジベンゾイルチアミン塩酸塩、チアミン塩酸塩、チアミンセチル塩酸塩、チアミンチオシアン酸塩、チアミンラウリル塩酸塩、チアミン硝酸塩、チアミンモノリン酸塩、チアミンリジン塩、チアミントリリン酸塩、チアミンモノリン酸エステルリン酸塩、チアミンモノリン酸エステル、チアミンジリン酸エステル、チアミンジリン酸エステル塩酸塩、チアミントリリン酸エステル、チアミントリリン酸エステルモノリン酸塩等のビタミンB1類;塩酸ピリドキシン、酢酸ピリドキシン、塩酸ピリドキサール、5’−リン酸ピリドキサール、塩酸ピリドキサミン等のビタミンB6類、シアノコバラミン、ヒドロキソコバラミン、デオキシアデノシルコバラミン等のビタミンB12類;葉酸、プテロイルグルタミン酸等の葉酸類;パントテン酸、パントテン酸カルシウム、パントテニルアルコール(パンテノール)、D−パンテテイン、D−パンテチン、補酵素A、パントテニルエチルエーテル等のパントテン酸類;ビオチン、ビオシチン等のビオチン類;そのほか、カルニチン、フェルラ酸、α−リポ酸、オロット酸、γ−オリザノール等のビタミン様作用因子等が挙げられる。これらのうち、本発明の外用組成物の抗菌効果が高いという観点から、ビタミンC類が好ましい。なお、ビタミンC類のうち、ビタミンC誘導体の一部は、生体内で酵素によりビタミンCに変換されて作用する。例えば、アスコルビン酸グルコシドは、生体内でアスコルビン酸とグルコースに分解され、アスコルビン酸が抗菌効果を奏すると考えられる。
本発明の外用組成物は1,2−アルカンジオールを含むことで、その抗菌性を安定化させることができる。本発明に用いられる1,2−アルカンジオールとしては、下記式(2);
R2−CH(OH)−CH2−OH (2)
で表される1,2−アルカンジオールが挙げられる。
本発明の外用組成物は(A)成分以外の抗菌成分として、(A)成分以外の殺菌剤をさらに含むことで、その抗菌性を向上させることができる。殺菌剤は、特に限定されないが、例えば第4級アンモニウム塩型殺菌剤として、下記式(3);
本発明の外用組成物は、多価アルコールをさらに含むことができる。本発明の外用組成物に用いられる多価アルコールとしては、化粧品、医薬部外品又は医薬品の多価アルコールとして使用されるものを制限なく使用できる。例えば、グリコール類(エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、イソプロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ペンチレングリコール等)、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、トリグリセリン、ポリグリセリン、ソルビトール、アルカンジオール(プロパンジオール、3−メチル−1,3−ブタンジオール、ペンタンジオール等)等が挙げられる。これらのうち、使用感等も考慮した製剤化の観点から、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ペンチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ソルビトール、アルカンジオール(プロパンジオール、ペンタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール)等が好ましく、ジプロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ペンチレングリコールがより好ましい。これらの多価アルコールは1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
本発明の外用組成物は、グリコールエーテルをさらに含むことができる。本発明の外用組成物に用いられるグリコールエーテルとしては、化粧品、医薬部外品又は医薬品のグリコールエーテルとして使用されるものを制限なく使用できる。例えば、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、及びエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルのようなエチレングリコール系のグリコールエーテル;ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、及びジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルのようなジエチレングリコール系のグリコールエーテル;プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、及びプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルのようなプロピレングリコール系のグリコールエーテル;並びにジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、及びジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルのようなジプロピレングリコール系のグリコールエーテルなどが挙げられる。中でも、エチレングリコール系、及びジエチレングリコール系のグリコールエーテルが好ましく、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、及びジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルがより好ましく、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルが特に好ましい。これらのグリコールエーテルは1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組合せて使用できる。
本発明の外用組成物は、さらに増粘剤を含むことできる。これにより、肌なじみがよく、使用感に優れる外用組成物とすることができる。
本発明の外用組成物には、任意成分として上述の成分以外にも、他の有用な作用を付加するため、紫外線散乱成分、紫外線吸収成分、DNA損傷の予防及び/又は修復作用を有する成分、美白成分、抗炎症成分、細胞賦活化成分、収斂成分、抗酸化成分、老化防止成分、保湿成分、角質柔軟成分、血行促進成分、皮脂吸着成分、育毛成分、抗ヒスタミン成分、消炎鎮痛成分、鎮痒成分、局所麻酔成分等の各種成分を、1種又は2種以上組み合わせて配合してもよい。これらの各成分としては、医薬品、医薬部外品、化粧品分野等において使用され得るものであれば特に制限されず、任意のものを適宜選択し使用することができる。また、以下の複数の成分に該当するものは、それらのうちの任意の効能の成分として添加できるものとする。
あるいはレシチン、水素添加レシチン、サポニン、サーファクチンナトリウム、コレステロール、胆汁酸等の天然由来の界面活性剤等を例示することができる。
本発明の外用組成物は、通常pH2.0〜9.0の液性を備えていればよいが、皮膚や粘膜に対する低刺激性、及び皮膚使用感のよさという観点から、好ましくはpH3.0〜8.5、より好ましくはpH3.5〜8.0である。
本発明の外用組成物の性状は、特に限定されず、液体状、流動状、又は半固形状とすることができる。また製剤形態としては、例えば、液剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、クリーム剤、乳液、軟膏剤、ゲル剤、リニメント剤、ローション剤、不織布に薬液を含浸させたシート剤等の製剤とすることができる。中でも、乳剤、クリーム剤、乳液、軟膏剤、ゲル剤、ローション剤が好適であり、クリーム剤、乳液、軟膏剤、ゲル剤が特に好適である。
本発明の外用組成物の製造方法は特に制限されず、(A)成分、上述した任意成分、その他の成分を適宜選択し、溶媒中で混合することにより製造することができる。例えば、ゲル状の組成物にするためには、前記混合の際に、一旦60℃〜95℃に加温し、その後室温等で放置する必要がある。
本発明の抗菌剤は、前記式(1)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩((A)成分)を含む。本発明の抗菌剤は、抗菌効果を損なわない範囲で、また抗菌効果を向上させる目的で、化粧品、医薬部外品又は医薬品等に通常用いられる成分を適宜任意に配合することができる。このように本発明の抗菌剤に配合できる成分としては、例えば、上述の本発明の外用組成物の任意成分として記載した成分が挙げられる。なお、本発明の抗菌剤が含む(A)成分についての説明については、本発明の外用組成物における(A)成分の説明を適用できる。また、本発明の抗菌剤は、常法に従い、(A)成分及びその他の成分を配合することにより製造することができる。本発明の抗菌剤は種々の細菌に対する効果を奏するが、特にアクネ菌、黄色ブドウ球菌、緑膿菌、大腸菌、口腔内のう歯・歯周病の原因となり得るミュータンス菌等の細菌及びマラセチア菌、カンジタ菌等の真菌等に対する抗菌効果が顕著である。
本発明には、抗菌性に優れる(A)成分を用いる抗菌方法も含まれる。例えば、(A)成分を外用組成物、化粧品、医薬に配合することにより、それらの外用組成物、化粧品、医薬における細菌の繁殖を効果的に抑制することができる。また、(A)成分を含む外用組成物等を肌に塗布することで、肌に対して抗菌効果を発揮させることができ、例えばニキビケア等に好適に用いることができる。さらに、本発明の抗菌方法によると、(A)成分を含む様々な形態の製品によって生活環境における様々なモノに対して抗菌処理をすることができるため、生活環境を清潔に保持することができる。
本発明の医薬部外品・医薬品は、本発明の外用組成物や本発明の抗菌剤を含む。そのため本発明の医薬部外品・医薬品は、抗菌効果に優れ、特に黄色ブドウ球菌、緑膿菌、大腸菌、アクネ菌、カンジタ菌、マラセチア菌、ミュータンス菌に関連する症状、疾患に対して優れた効果を示す。
本発明の化粧品は前記式(1)で表される(A)成分を含むため、抗菌効果に優れ、特に黄色ブドウ球菌、緑膿菌、大腸菌、アクネ菌、カンジタ菌、マラセチア菌、ミュータンス菌に対して優れた抗菌効果を有する。そのため、化粧品分野で、体臭の原因菌である黄色ブドウ球菌等に対する抗菌効果に優れる体臭発生抑制用の化粧品等や、上述したような種々のニキビに対する治療効果、予防効果を有する抗アクネ用の化粧水、乳液、美容液等に広く用いることができる。
本発明の眼科用組成物は、前記式(1)で表される(A)成分を含む。(A)成分は、ゲル化剤としての作用も有するため、本発明の眼科用組成物は、医薬、医薬部外品等として好適に用いられる。また、本発明の眼科用組成物は、特に抗菌性に優れる医薬、医薬部外品等として好適に用いられる。具体的には、点眼剤(点眼薬、点眼液を含む)、洗眼剤(洗眼薬、洗眼液を含む)、眼軟膏薬、コンタクトレンズ装着液、コンタクトレンズ用ケア用剤(洗浄液、保存液、消毒液、マルチパーパスソリューションなど)等として用いることができる。なお、点眼剤及び洗眼剤には、コンタクトレンズを装用したまま使用可能な点眼剤及び洗眼剤が含まれる。また、前記コンタクトレンズには、ハードコンタクトレンズ(酸素透過性ハードコンタクトレンズも含む)、ソフトコンタクトレンズ等のあらゆるタイプのコンタクトレンズが包含される。また、眼科用の医薬として用いられる場合の用法用量は、組成物の用途により異なり、各用途について通常採用されている用法用量で使用すればよい。なお、本発明の眼科用組成物が含む(A)成分、溶媒、任意成分、本発明の眼科用組成物の性状等については、眼科用組成物に使用できるものは本発明の外用組成物における説明を適用できる。また、本発明の眼科用組成物の製造方法についても、眼科用組成物に使用できるものは本発明の外用組成物の製造方法における説明を適用できる。
[組成物の調製]
下記の表1に記載の処方に従い、常法にて、実施例及び比較例の組成物(試験製剤)を調製した。各表中の数値の単位は、特に断りがない限り重量(%)である。各組成物について、下記の試験を行い、評価した。
Pal−GH : Palmitoyl Dipeptide−18(INCI名)
GH :グリシンとヒスチジンのジペプチド
IPMP : イソプロピルメチルフェノール
MP : メチルパラベン
1、3−BG又はBG:1、3−ブチレングリコール
<抗菌試験(アクネ菌)>
サンプル試料液の評価は菌への直接接種法を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。具体的には、アクネ菌(P. Acnes)を変法GAM寒天培地(Gifu anaerobic medium寒天培地)にて36℃、72時間嫌気前培養したアクネ菌液をサンプル試料液に約1.0×106CFU/mLになるように接種し、36℃嫌気条件で培養し、一定時間後に接種された試料を希釈し、寒天平板表面塗沫法により生菌数を測定して、抗菌効果を確認した。(5分・30分・60分・90分・240分)。結果を下記表2及び図1に示す。
サンプル試料液の評価は菌への直接接種法を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、黄色ブドウ球菌(S. Aureus)をSCDLP寒天培地(Soybean−Casein Digest Agar with Lecithin & Polysorbate 80寒天培地)にて33℃24時間前培養した黄色ブドウ球菌液をサンプル試料液に約3.7×106CFU/mLになるように接種し、33℃で培養し、一定時間後に接種された試料を希釈し、寒天平板表面塗沫法により生菌数を測定して、抗菌効果を確認した(0.5時間・1時間・4時間・24時間)。結果を下記表3及び図2に示す。
ミュータンス菌(学名:Streptococcus mutans)は、グラム陽性で通性嫌気性の連鎖球菌の一種のことである。ヒトの口腔内にも存在し、う蝕(虫歯)の原因菌のひとつである。サンプル試料液の評価はミュータンス菌への直接接種法を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、ミュータンス菌(S. mutans, ATCC 25175)をBHI培地(brain heart infusion培地)にて33℃24時間前培養したミュータンス菌液をサンプル試料液に約1.0×106 CFU/mLになるように接種し、33℃で培養し、一定時間後に接種された試料を希釈し、寒天平板表面塗沫法により生菌数を測定して、抗菌効果を確認した。(0.5時間・1時間・4時間・24時間)。結果を下記表4及び図3に示す。
サンプル試料液の評価は、拡散法(穿孔平板法)を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、大腸菌(Escherichia coli ATCC 8739)をSCD (Soybean−Casein Digest)斜面培地にて33℃24時間前培養し、菌液を作成した。菌液を約106CFU/mL接種したMH寒天培地(Mueller−Hinton寒天培地)に拡散し、滅菌済みの穿孔カッター(TOYOBO:バイオプシーパンチ8mm、ステンレス製)で直径8 mmの穴を寒天培地に開け、穴にサンプル溶液100 uL接種、33℃48時間培養した。培養後、穴の周囲に、出現した阻止円の直径を測定した。結果を下記表5及び図4に示す。
サンプル試料液の評価は、拡散法(穿孔平板法)を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa、ATCC 9027)をSCD(Soybean−Casein Digest)斜面培地にて33℃24時間前培養し、菌液を作成した。菌液を約1.0×106CFU/mL接種したMH寒天培地(Mueller−Hinton寒天培地)に拡散し、滅菌済みの穿孔カッター(TOYOBO:バイオプシーパンチ8mm、ステンレス製)で直径8mmの穴を寒天培地に開け、穴にサンプル溶液100uL接種、33℃48時間培養した。培養後、穴の周囲に、出現した阻止円の直径を測定した。結果を下記表6及び図5に示す。
サンプル試料液の評価は菌への直接接種法を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、マラセチア菌(M. furfur ATCC 46266)をPityrosporum培地にて33℃5日前培養したマラセチア菌液をサンプル試料液に約1.6×106CFU/mLになるように接種し、一定時間後に接種された試料を希釈し、寒天平板表面塗沫法により生菌数を測定して、抗菌効果を確認した(0.5時間・1時間・4時間・24時間)。結果を下記表7及び図6に示す。
サンプル試料液の評価は、拡散法(穿孔平板法)を用いて、抗菌効果を評価した。より詳細には、カンジダ菌(Candida albicans ATCC 10231)をSD培地にて24℃48時間前培養し、菌液を作成した。菌液を約106CFU/mL接種したMH寒天培地(Mueller−Hinton寒天培地)に拡散し、滅菌済みの穿孔カッター(TOYOBO:バイオプシーパンチ8mm、ステンレス製)で直径8mmの穴を寒天培地に開け、穴にサンプル溶液100uL接種、33℃48時間培養した。培養後、穴の周囲に、出現した阻止円の直径を測定した。
結果を下記表8及び図7に示す。
Claims (11)
- アクネ菌に対する抗菌用である、請求項1記載の外用組成物。
- 真菌に対する抗菌用である、請求項1記載の外用組成物。
- 体臭の原因菌に対する抗菌用である、請求項1記載の外用組成物。
- 口腔内の抗菌用又は殺菌用である、請求項1記載の外用組成物。
- う歯及び歯周病からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を抑制、改善又は予防するための、請求項5記載の外用組成物。
- アトピー性皮膚炎を抑制、改善又は予防するための、請求項1記載の外用組成物。
- 請求項1記載の外用組成物からなる抗菌用点眼剤。
- (A)成分以外の抗菌成分をさらに含む、請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の外用組成物。
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