JP6903648B2 - 切断高分子量キニノーゲンを検出するイムノアッセイ - Google Patents
切断高分子量キニノーゲンを検出するイムノアッセイ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は米国特許法第119条の下、2015年10月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/243,505号および2016年5月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/335,311号の利益を主張するものであり、上記出願はそれぞれ、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
血漿カリクレイン(PKal)は、接触系のセリンプロテアーゼ成分であり、循環血中の主要なブラジキニン生成酵素である。接触系は、異物表面または負荷電表面と接触した際に第XIIa因子(活性型の第XII因子または第FXII因子)によって活性化されるか、あるいはプロリルカルボキシペプチダーゼによって内皮細胞表面上で活性化される(Sainz I.M.ら,Thromb Haemost 98,77−83,2007)。血漿カリクレインが活性化すると、第XII因子のフィードバック活性化を介して内因性の凝固が増幅され、キニノーゲン前駆体である高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)がタンパク質分解作用によって切断され、炎症誘発性ノナペプチドのブラジキニン、およびジスルフィド結合によって結合した2本のポリペプチド鎖を含む切断HMWK(二本鎖HMWKとしても知られる)が放出される。
本開示の一態様は、切断HMWKを高い感度および特異性で検出するイムノアッセイに関する。このようなイムノアッセイは、切断HMWKと特異的に結合する薬剤を、96ウェルプレートであってよい支持要素上に固定化するサンドイッチELISA法を含み得る。本明細書に記載されるイムノアッセイにより、インタクトのHMWKおよび切断HMWKの両方、ならびにLMWKを含み得る生体試料、例えば血清試料または血漿試料中の切断HMWKを選択的に検出することが可能である。
高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)は、血漿中に分子量が約110kDaの単一ポリペプチド(一本鎖)マルチドメイン(ドメイン1〜6)タンパク質として存在し、本明細書ではインタクトのHWMKと呼ばれる。HMWKをコードするヒト遺伝子はキニノーゲン1(KNG1)である。KNG1は、転写され選択的スプライシングを受けて、HMWKまたは低分子量キニノーゲン(LMWK)のいずれかをコードするmRNAを形成する。HMWKの例示的タンパク質配列を下に記載する:
>gi|156231037|ref|NP_001095886.1|キニノーゲン−1アイソフォーム1前駆体[ヒト(Homo sapiens)]
MKLITILFLCSRLLLSLTQESQSEEIDCNDKDLFKAVDAALKKYNSQNQSNNQFVLYRITEATKTVGSDTFYSFKYEIKEGDCPVQSGKTWQDCEYKDAAKAATGECTATVGKRSSTKFSVATQTCQITPAEGPVVTAQYDCLGCVHPISTQSPDLEPILRHGIQYFNNNTQHSSLFMLNEVKRAQRQVVAGLNFRITYSIVQTNCSKENFLFLTPDCKSLWNGDTGECTDNAYIDIQLRIASFSQNCDIYPGKDFVQPPTKICVGCPRDIPTNSPELEE
TLTHTITKLNAENNATFYFKIDNVKKARVQVVAGKKYFIDFVARETTCSKESNEELTESCETKKLGQSLDCNAEVYVVPWEKKIYPTVNCQPLGMISLMKRPPGFSPFRSSRIGEIKEETTVSPPHTSMAPAQDEERDSGKEQGHTRRHDWGHEKQRKHNLGHGHKHERDQGHGHQRGHGLGHGHEQQHGLGHGHKFKLDDDLEHQGGHVLDHGHKHKHGHGHGKHKNKGKKNGKHNGWKTEHLASSSEDSTTPSAQTQEKTEGPTPIPSLAKPGVTVTFSDFQDSDLIATMMPPISPAPIQSDDDWIPDIQIDPNGLSFNPISDFPDTTSPKCPGRPWKSVSEINPTTQMKESYYFDLTDGLS(配列番号1)
QESQSEEIDCNDKDLFKAVDAALKKYNSQNQSNNQFVLYRITEATKTVGSDTFYSFKYEIKEGDCPVQSGKTWQDCEYKDAAKAATGECTATVGKRSSTKFSVATQTCQITPAEGPVVTA
QYDCLGCVHPISTQSPDLEPILRHGIQYFNNNTQHSSLFMLNEVKRAQRQVVAGLNFRITYSIVQTNCSKENFLFLTPDCKSLWNGDTGECTDNAYIDIQLRIASFSQNCDIYPGKDFVQ
PPTKICVGCPRDIPTNSPELEETLTHTITKLNAENNATFYFKIDNVKKARVQVVAGKKYFIDFVARETTCSKESNEELTESCETKKLGQSLDCNAEVYVVPWEKKIYPTVNCQPLGMISL
MK(配列番号2)
>切断されたキニノーゲン−1の軽鎖
SSRIGEIKEETTVSPPHTSMAPAQDEERDSGKEQGHTRRHDWGHEKQRKHNLGHGHKHERDQGHGHQRGHGLGHGHEQQHGLGHGHKFKLDDDLEHQGGHVLDHGHKHKHGHGHGKHKNK
GKKNGKHNGWKTEHLASSSEDSTTPSAQTQEKTEGPTPIPSLAKPGVTVTFSDFQDSDLIATMMPPISPAPIQSDDDWIPDIQIDPNGLSFNPISDFPDTTSPKCPGRPWKSVSEINPTT
QMKESYYFDLTDGLS(配列番号3)
本明細書に記載されるイムノアッセイでは、切断HMWKと特異的に結合することができる任意の薬剤、例えば、インタクトのHMWK上には存在しない切断HMWK上のネオエピトープを認識する薬剤を使用し得る。いくつかの実施形態では、切断HMWK結合剤は抗体である。
[結合]=[N][遊離]/(Kd+[遊離])
により遊離の標的タンパク質濃度([遊離])および標的上にある結合タンパク質の結合部位の濃度に関連し、式中、(N)は1標的分子当たりの結合部位の数である。
本明細書において、切断HMWKを検出するイムノアッセイを提供する。本明細書で使用される「イムノアッセイ」という用語は、免疫ベースのアッセイまたはイムノベースのアッセイと互換的に言及され得る。イムノアッセイは一般に、ある分子(例えば、HMWK)と結合する抗体などの薬剤を用いて、試料中のその分子の存在および/または濃度(レベル)を検出するものである。イムノアッセイの例としては、ウエスタンブロット法、酵素結合免疫測定法(ELISAs)、ラテラルフローアッセイ、ラジオイムノアッセイ、電気化学発光ベースの検出アッセイ、磁気イムノアッセイおよび関連技術が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、イムノアッセイはELISAアッセイである。いくつかの実施形態では、イムノアッセイはサンドイッチELISAアッセイである。いくつかの実施形態では、イムノアッセイはラテラルフローアッセイである。
切断HMWKのレベルと血漿カリクレインに関連する疾患または障害との間に相関があることを考えると、本明細書に記載されるアッセイ法およびキットをそのような疾患または障害、例えば本明細書に記載される疾患または障害(例えば、HAE)などを評価するのに(例えば、バイオマーカーとして)適用することができる。あるいはまたはこれに加えて、そのような疾患の進行をモニタリングするため、疾患の治療の有効性を評価するため、特定の治療に適した患者を特定するため、および/または対象の疾患の状態(例えば、発作対休止期)を予測するために、本明細書に記載されるアッセイ法およびキットを用いることができる。
さらに、本明細書に記載される切断2−HMWKのレベルを検出するアッセイを研究目的で用いてもよい。血漿カリクレインに関連する、または血漿カリクレインが介在する疾患および障害が多数同定されているが、これに類似した機序を介するか、これに類似した構成要素を伴う疾患がほかにもある可能性が考えられる。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載される方法を用いて、ある疾患が、血漿カリクレインに関連している、血漿カリクレインが介在する、または接触活性化系の構成要素を有する疾患であるとして同定することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載の方法を用いて、疾患の機序(例えば、疾患発症に関係する新たな生物学的経路または生物学的過程の発見)または進行を調べることができる。
本明細書に記載される方法およびアッセイを用いて特定された血漿カリクレインに関連する疾患のリスクがある対象または同疾患に罹患している対象を任意の適切な治療剤で治療し得る。いくつかの実施形態では、提供される方法は、記載されている方法、例えば切断2−HMWKのレベルの測定の結果に基づき、対象の治療を選択することを含む。
EVQLLESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS HYIMMWVRQA PGKGLEWVSG IYSSGGITVY ADSVKGRFTI SRDNSKNTLY LQMNSLRAED TAVYYCAYRR IGVPRRDEFD IWGQGTMVTV SS
ラナデルマブ軽鎖可変領域の配列(配列番号82)
DIQMTQSPS TLSASVGDRV TITCRASQSI SSWLAWYQQK PGKAPKLLIY KASTLESGVP SRFSGSGSGT EFTLTISSLQ PDDFATYYCQ QYNTYWTFGQ GTKVEI
いくつかの実施形態では、対象にブラジキニンB2受容体阻害剤(例えば、アンタゴニスト)を投与する。例示的なブラジキニンB2受容体アンタゴニストとしてはイカチバント(Firazyr(登録商標))が挙げられ、これは、天然のブラジキニンがブラジキニンB2受容体と結合するのを遮断する10アミノ酸を含むペプチド模倣薬である。
いくつかの実施形態では、対象にC1−INH補充剤などのC1エステラーゼ阻害剤(C1−INH)を投与する。例示的なC1−INH補充剤が公開されており、例えば、ヒト血漿由来C1−INH、例えばBerinert(登録商標)およびCINRYZE(登録商標)が挙げられる。
本開示はまた、切断HWMKを含有することが疑われる試料、例えば、ヒト患者由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKを評価するのに使用するためのキットを提供する。このようなキットは、インタクトのHMWKまたはLMWKと比較して切断HMWKと特異的に結合する第一の薬剤を含み得る。いくつかの実施形態では、第一の薬剤は抗体、例えば切断HMWKと特異的に結合する本明細書に記載のいずれかの抗体(例えば、本明細書に記載される559B−M004またはその機能的バリアント)である。いくつかの実施形態では、キットは、第一の薬剤と切断HMWKとの結合を検出する第二の薬剤(例えば、HMWKと結合する抗体)をさらに含む。第二の薬剤は標識とコンジュゲートすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第二の薬剤は切断HMWKと特異的に結合する抗体である。他の実施形態では、第二の薬剤は、切断HMWKおよびインタクトのHMWKの両方と交差反応する抗体である。
本明細書には、切断HMWKおよびインタクトのHMWKの両方と結合する単離抗体が提供される。いくつかの実施形態では、このような抗体は、LMWKと結合しないか、低い親和性でLMWKと結合する。他の実施形態では、このような抗体はLMWKとも結合する。
実施例1:切断HMWKを特異的に検出するためのイムノアッセイの開発
最初に、ファージディスプレイライブラリーにおいて切断HMWKまたはインタクトのHMWKと結合するFabフラグメントを同定するため、ELISAベースのイムノアッセイによるスクリーニングを開発した。アッセイ条件は一般に、ビオチン化したインタクトのHMWKまたは切断HMWKをストレプトアビジンでコートした384ウェルアッセイプレートに固定化し、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)ブロッキング緩衝液を用いてブロックし、固定化HMWKと、大腸菌(E.coli)の一晩培養物のファージ上に提示されたFabとを接触させる(抗M13−HRP抗体で検出する)ことを利用した。
実施例1に記載したイムノアッセイを用いて、36種類の精製Fabクローン(下の表2)の切断HWMK、インタクトのHMWKおよびLWMKに対する結合を評価した。具体的には、各精製Fabクローンを濃度1μg/L、PBSで全量100μLにして96ウェルアッセイプレートに固定化し、2〜8℃で一晩インキュベートした。LowCrossブロッキング緩衝液を用いてアッセイプレートをブロックした。ビオチン化したインタクトのHMWK、ビオチン化切断HMWKまたはビオチン化LMWK(それぞれ1μg/L)を全量100μLで各ウェルに加え、2時間インキュベートした後、洗浄緩衝液で洗浄した。各ウェルに濃度100ng/mLのHRP標識ストレプトアビジンを加え、Ultra TMB Substrateを用いてシグナルを生成させた。未コートウェルにビオチン化タンパク質を加えた際に観察されるシグナルを用いて、シグナル対ノイズ比を算出した(図2、パネルAおよびB)。ELISAの結果に基づき、抗体を5種類に分類することができる(表2)。
本明細書に開示される特徴は全て、任意の組み合わせで組み合わせることができる。本明細書に開示される特徴はそれぞれ、同じ目的、同等の目的または類似した目的を果たす代替的特徴に置き換え得るものである。したがって、別途明記されない限り、開示される各特徴は一般的な一連の同等の特徴または類似した特徴の一例にすぎない。
当業者は、ルーチンの実験のみを用いて、本明細書に記載される本開示の特定の実施形態の均等物を多数認識する、あるいは確認することが可能である。本開示の範囲は上記の記載に限定されないと意図され、添付の「特許請求の範囲」に記載される通りである。
Claims (22)
- 切断高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)を検出するためのイムノアッセイであって、
(i)切断HMWKと特異的に結合する第一の薬剤を固定化した支持要素を準備すること、
(ii)(i)の支持要素と、切断HMWKを含有することが疑われる生体試料と、を接触させること、
(iii)(ii)で得られた支持要素と、HMWKと結合する第二の薬剤であって標識とコンジュゲートされている第二の薬剤と、を接触させること、および
(iv)前記支持要素に直接的または間接的に結合した前記第二の薬剤の前記標識から放出されるシグナルを検出して、前記生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを決定すること
を含み、
前記第一の薬剤が、重鎖相補性決定領域(CDR)1配列FSFYVMV、重鎖CDR2配列GISPSGGNTAYADSVKおよび重鎖CDR3配列KLFYYDDTKGYFDFならびに軽鎖CDR1配列SGSSSNIGSNYVY、軽鎖CDR2配列RNNQRPSおよび軽鎖CDR3配列AWDDSLNGRVを含む抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントである、
イムノアッセイ。 - 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが、配列番号4に示される重鎖可変領域の配列および配列番号5に示される軽鎖可変領域の配列を含む、請求項1に記載のイムノアッセイ。
- (a)前記支持要素が96ウェルプレートである、
(b)段階(ii)の前に(i)の支持要素をブロッキング緩衝液とインキュベートする、
(c)前記第二の薬剤が、HMWKと結合するポリクローナル抗体、モノクローナル抗体または2種以上のモノクローナル抗体の混合物である、
(d)前記標識がシグナル放出物質である、
(e)前記標識が受容体−リガンド対の要素であり、前記イムノアッセイが、段階(iv)の前に、前記支持要素と結合した(iii)の前記第二の薬剤と、前記受容体−リガンド対の他方の要素と、を接触させることをさらに含み、前記他方の要素がシグナル放出物質とコンジュゲートされている、
(f)段階(ii)をZnCl2の存在下で実施する、
(g)前記生体試料はヒト対象から採取されたものである、および/または
(h)ウエスタンブロットアッセイ、ELISAアッセイまたはラテラルフローアッセイである、
請求項1または2に記載のイムノアッセイ。 - 前記生体試料が、1種以上のプロテアーゼ阻害剤を含む真空採血管に採取した血液試料から処理される血清試料または血漿試料である、請求項3に記載のイムノアッセイ。
- 疾患を有する対象において前記疾患が血漿カリクレイン(pKal)の介在によるものであるかどうかを判定するための方法であって、
前記対象由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のイムノアッセイにより決定することを含み、
前記生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルが対照試料の切断HMWKのレベルから逸脱していることが、前記疾患がpKalの介在によるものであることを示す、
方法。 - 対象が血漿カリクレインの介在による疾患を有するか、またはそのリスクがあるかを判定するための方法であって、
前記対象由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のイムノアッセイにより決定することを含み、
前記生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルが対照試料の切断HMWKのレベルから逸脱していることが、前記対象が前記疾患を有するか、またはそのリスクがあることを示す、
方法。 - 前記疾患は遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)である、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 切断高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)と特異的に結合する単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、重鎖相補性決定領域(CDR)1配列FSFYVMV、重鎖CDR2配列GISPSGGNTAYADSVKおよび重鎖CDR3配列KLFYYDDTKGYFDFならびに軽鎖CDR1配列SGSSSNIGSNYVY、軽鎖CDR2配列RNNQRPSおよび軽鎖CDR3配列AWDDSLNGRVを含む、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号4に示される重鎖可変領域の配列および配列番号5に示される軽鎖可変領域の配列を含む、請求項8に記載の単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 切断高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)を検出するためのキットであって、請求項8または9に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを含む、キット。
- (a)HMWKと結合する第二の薬剤、支持要素またはその両方をさらに含む、および/または
(b)前記切断HMWKを検出するための指示書をさらに含む、
請求項10に記載のキット。 - 前記支持要素が96ウェルプレートである、請求項11に記載のキット。
- 試料中の切断高分子量キニノーゲン(HMWK)を検出するための方法であって、
(i)切断HMWKを含有することが疑われる試料と、請求項8または9に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントと、を接触させること、
(ii)段階(i)で形成された切断HMWKと前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントの複合体を測定すること、および
(iii)段階(ii)の結果に基づき前記試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを決定すること
を含む、方法。 - (a)前記試料が、対象から得られた生体試料である、および/または
(b)前記試料が、血清試料または血漿試料である、
請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記対象がヒト患者である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が、1種以上のプロテアーゼ阻害剤を含む真空採血管に採取された生体試料である、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 酵素結合免疫測定法(ELISA)、イムノブロッティングアッセイまたはラテラルフローアッセイを用いて実施する、請求項13〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 疾患を有する対象において前記疾患が血漿カリクレイン(pKal)の介在によるものであるかどうかを判定するための方法であって、
前記対象由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを、請求項13〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法により決定することを含み、
前記生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルが対照試料の切断HMWKのレベルから逸脱していることが、前記疾患がpKalの介在によるものであることを示す、
方法。 - 対象が血漿カリクレインの介在による疾患を有するか、またはそのリスクがあるかを判定するための方法であって、
前記対象由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルを、請求項13〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法により決定することを含み、
前記対象由来の生体試料中の切断HMWKのレベルが対照試料の切断HMWKのレベルから逸脱していることが、前記対象が前記疾患を有するか、またはそのリスクがあることを示す、
方法。 - 前記疾患は遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)である、請求項18または19に記載の方法。
- 段階(i)をZnCl2の存在下で実施する、請求項13〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記受容体−リガンド対はビオチンとストレプトアビジンである、請求項3に記載のイムノアッセイ。
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