JP6876713B2 - 複合防弾積層体 - Google Patents
複合防弾積層体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6876713B2 JP6876713B2 JP2018548185A JP2018548185A JP6876713B2 JP 6876713 B2 JP6876713 B2 JP 6876713B2 JP 2018548185 A JP2018548185 A JP 2018548185A JP 2018548185 A JP2018548185 A JP 2018548185A JP 6876713 B2 JP6876713 B2 JP 6876713B2
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- Japan
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- layers
- polyethylene
- uhmwpe
- laminate
- adhesive
- Prior art date
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/12—Pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/023—Pressure
- G01N2203/0232—High pressure
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Description
(a)ポリエチレンと熱可塑性接着剤の層がシートの中で交互であり、
(b)50%超のポリエチレン層が、第1のポリエチレン層の配向が第2のポリエチレン層の配向を相殺するように配置されており、
(c)複数のクロスプライシートがスタックを形成し、スタックは、255barの圧力及び132℃の温度で圧縮された際に、試験方法Bによる測定で最初の2分以内に8barより大きい圧力損失を生じない、
耐衝撃貫通積層体に関する。
2011年9月に発行されたASTM D 7744−11、「高性能ポリエチレンテープの引張試験のための標準試験法」。
クロスプライシートは図1の10に示されており、それぞれ11及び12として示されている超高分子量ポリエチレン(以降UHMWPE)の第1及び第2の層と、それぞれ13及び14として示されている熱可塑性接着剤の第1及び第2の層とを含む。UHMWPEとは、少なくとも200万の粘度平均分子量を有するポリエチレンポリマー製のフィルム又は繊維を意味する。いくつかの実施形態においては、分子量は200万〜600万、更には300万〜500万である。より好ましくは、粘度平均分子量は少なくとも400万である。好適なポリエチレン材料の例は、Ticona Engineering Polymers,Auburn Hills,MIのTicona GUR、及びMitsui Chemicals America,Inc.,Rye Brook,NYのHi−ZEX MILLION(商標)である。
図1中の熱可塑性接着剤13は、隣接するUHMWPE層を接着するために、第1と第2のUHMWPE層の間、及び1つのUHMWPE層の一方の外表面上に配置される。図1の実施例においては、第1の接着剤層13は2つのUHMWPE層の間にあり、第2の接着剤層14は第1のUHMWPE層の外表面上にある。各接着剤層は、目付が5gsm以下であり、振動ディスクレオメーターにより125℃で測定した場合のゼロせん断速度粘度が少なくとも1500Pa−sである。いくつかの実施形態においては、接着剤は少なくとも10,000Pa−sのゼロせん断速度粘度を有する。また別の実施形態においては、接着剤は少なくとも100,000Pa−sのゼロせん断速度粘度を有する。別の実施形態においては、接着剤は少なくとも1,000,000Pa−sのゼロせん断速度粘度を有する。
η=(ηo,cy)/[1+(τcyγ’)a]p/a
式中、ηo,cyはCarreau−Yasudaゼロせん断速度粘度であり、τcyはCarreau−Yasuda時定数であり、pはべき乗領域の傾きを表すCarreau−Yasuda速度定数であり、aはニュートン領域とべき乗領域との間の遷移領域を表すパラメーターである。ゼロせん断速度粘度を決定するためにデータを式にフィッティングする前に、多重周波数掃引を行って平均化する必要がある。そのような測定はポリマーの特性評価の分野の当業者に公知である。好適なレオメーターはTA Instruments,New Castle,DEのARES LS2であることが見出された。強制対流式オーブンが接着剤試料の温度を制御するのに適していることが見出された。この装置を使用して、熱電対を中央に有するパーフルオロアルキルポリマーのディスクを用いてプレート温度を校正することができる。接着剤試料を取り付けるために、滑らかな表面の直径25mmのプレートが使用される。接着剤試料は、接着剤の性質に応じて様々に注型又は機械加工されることで、振動プレートに接触させるために必要とされる円筒状試料が形成されてもよい。試験片作成時に接着剤が劣化することを防止するために注意を払う必要がある。ポリマーの流動に対するCarreau−Yasudaモデルの適用に関する典型的な記述は、Stephen L.Rosen,Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1982,page207の中で示されている。
図2は、上述した複数のクロスプライシート10を含む例示的な積層体を示す。いくつかの実施形態においては、50%超、より好ましくは75%超、最も好ましくは95%超、更に好ましくは100%のシートが、1つのシートのUHMWPE層の配向が隣接するシートの最も近いUHMWPE層の配向を相殺するように積層体の中で位置している。
(i)1つのUHMWPE層11の配向が他方のUHMWPE層12の配向を相殺するように各シートが配置された、1つのUHMWPE層の外表面上に追加的な接着剤層14を有する、接着剤層13によって隔てられている2つのUHMWPE層11及び12を含む複数のクロスプライシート10を準備する工程であって、
接着剤が5gsm以下の目付と、振動ディスクレオメーターによる0.1rad/s〜100rad/sの周波数掃引で125℃でASTM D4440の通りに測定し、4パラメーターのCarrea−Yasudaモデルにフィッティングした場合に少なくとも1500Pa−sのゼロせん断速度粘度を有する、工程、
(ii)1つのシートのUHMWPE層の配向が隣接するシートの最も近いUHMWPE層の配向を相殺するように少なくとも50%のシートが位置する配置で、工程(i)の複数のシート10を含むスタック20を組み立てる工程であって、スタックの合計重量が0.6〜600kg/m2である工程、
(iii)工程(ii)のスタックに5〜60分間、10〜400barの圧力及び70〜150℃の温度をかける工程、並びに
(iv)25℃以下の温度まで積層体を冷却する工程、
を含む。
試験方法A
圧縮積層体の厚さ方向の弾性率(E3)は、部分の厚さを通る音の速度C33を使用して決定した。C33は音響測定の低圧接触式超音波速度によって決定することができる。適切な測定装置は、デフォルトの設定でのSoniSys,Atlanta,GAのOpus 3−D超音波剛性変換装置である。これは試料の面密度ADの入力を必要とし、その後1MHzの周波数での厚さ方向の伝搬によって、自動的に厚さt及びC33を決定する。当業者は他の装置も使用できるであろう。
この方法は、255barの圧力及び132℃の温度で圧縮した際に、最初の2分の以内にクロスプライシートのコンソリデーションしたスタックが8barより大きい圧力損失を生じるか否かを評価する手段を提供する。
次に、本発明の好ましい態様を示す。
1.複数のクロスプライシートを含み、各クロスプライシートが更に(i)繊維状若しくは非繊維状の超高分子量ポリエチレンの第1及び第2の層と、(ii)熱可塑性接着剤の第1及び第2の層であって各接着剤層が5gsm以下の目付を有する層と、を含むコンソリデーションされていない耐衝撃貫通積層体であって、
(a)ポリエチレンと熱可塑性接着剤の前記層が前記シートの中で交互であり、
(b)50%超の前記ポリエチレン層が、前記第1のポリエチレン層の配向が前記第2のポリエチレン層の配向を相殺するように配置されており、
(c)前記複数のクロスプライシートがスタックを形成し、前記スタックは、255barの圧力及び132℃の温度で圧縮された際に、試験方法Bによる測定で最初の2分以内に8barより大きい圧力損失を生じない、
耐衝撃貫通積層体。
2.前記熱可塑性接着剤が、試験方法Aによって決定される少なくとも1500Pa−sのゼロせん断粘度を有する、上記1に記載の積層体。
3.前記熱可塑性接着剤が揺変剤を更に含有する、上記1に記載の積層体。
4.クロスプライシート中の前記第1と第2のポリエチレン層が、互いに本質的に直交している配向を有する、上記1に記載の積層体。
5.前記熱可塑性接着剤が少なくとも10,000Pa−sのゼロせん断粘度を有する、上記2に記載の積層体。
6.前記揺変剤が無機粒子である、上記3に記載の積層体。
7.前記揺変剤が樹状高分子粒子である、上記3に記載の積層体。
8.前記熱可塑性接着剤が少なくとも100,000Pa−sのゼロせん断粘度を有する、上記5に記載の積層体。
9.前記熱可塑性接着剤が少なくとも1,000,000Pa−sのゼロせん断粘度を有する、上記8に記載の積層体。
10.前記ポリエチレンが非繊維状シート又はフィルムの形態である、上記1に記載の材料。
Claims (2)
- 複数のクロスプライシートを含み、各クロスプライシートが更に(i)繊維状若しくは非繊維状の超高分子量ポリエチレンの第1及び第2の層と、(ii)熱可塑性接着剤の第1及び第2の層であって各接着剤層が5gsm以下の目付を有する層と、を含むコンソリデーションされていない耐衝撃貫通積層体であって、前記熱可塑性接着剤は、ASTM D 4440によって測定された際、少なくとも1500Pa−sのゼロせん断速度粘度を有し、
(a)ポリエチレンと熱可塑性接着剤の前記層が前記シートの中で交互であり、
(b)50%超の前記ポリエチレン層が、前記第1のポリエチレン層の配向が前記第2のポリエチレン層の配向を相殺するように配置されており、
(c)前記複数のクロスプライシートがスタックを形成し、前記スタックは、試験方法Bによる圧縮の最初の2分以内に8barより大きい圧力損失を生じない、
耐衝撃貫通積層体。 - 前記ポリエチレンが非繊維状シート又はフィルムの形態である、請求項1に記載の材料。
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US14/709,627 US9982967B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2015-05-12 | Composite ballistic resistant laminate |
US15/133,283 | 2016-04-20 | ||
US15/133,283 US10247522B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-04-20 | Composite ballistic resistant laminate |
PCT/US2016/032699 WO2017184186A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-05-16 | Composite ballistic resistant laminate |
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EP3259126A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
US20160243790A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
JP2018507123A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
US10247522B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
CA3012309C (en) | 2023-03-28 |
EP3259126B1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
US20160265882A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
WO2017184186A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
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