CN114963875B - 一种基于展宽uhmwpe纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于展宽uhmwpe纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114963875B
CN114963875B CN202210555266.7A CN202210555266A CN114963875B CN 114963875 B CN114963875 B CN 114963875B CN 202210555266 A CN202210555266 A CN 202210555266A CN 114963875 B CN114963875 B CN 114963875B
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uhmwpe
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fiber
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CN114963875A (zh
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张典堂
陶洋
朱亚楠
钱坤
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Jiangnan University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
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    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/228—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being stacked in parallel layers with fibres of adjacent layers crossing at substantial angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法，包括第一层次为0°/90°铺层的展宽UHMWPE纤维UD布，第二层次的展宽UHMWPE平面三向织物，第三层次的展宽UHMWPE三维正交机织，使用三种不同结构组合设计有效的抵抗了子弹冲击过程，防弹效果更加优异，同时UHMWPE纤维经过展宽使其UD布比普通的UD布更加轻薄，面密度较小，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种基于展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法，属于装备材料领域。
背景技术
UHMWPE纤维是继碳纤维、芳纶纤维等之后出现的又一种高性能纤维，因其具有较好的防弹性能而备受关注。然而，现有的UHMWPE材料防弹板难以同步实现轻薄化、良好的弯曲性能和良好的防弹性能。
发明内容
[技术问题]
现有的UHMWPE材料防弹板难以同步实现轻薄化、良好的弯曲性能和良好的防弹性能，其中防弹性能的缺陷主要在于现有的UHMWPE材料防弹板在受到首发弹侵彻时，虽然能够有效起到防护作用，但其靶板在被侵彻后，弹孔凹陷深度和背面变形较大，褶皱与纤维拉伸破坏都较为严重，背面还有部分纤维被剪切破坏，其在第2发弹甚至多发弹侵彻时，将难以起到有效的防护作用。
[技术构思]
针对现有技术中存在的上述缺陷，本发明通过设计的非均质结构，将纤维防弹板分为A、B、C三个层次结构，A层结构针对子弹冲塞剪切过程，通过展宽UHMWPE纤维UD单片增加应力传播，有效地吸收弹片能量：B层结构针对子弹旋转过程，利用展宽UHMWPE纤维三向织物，使应力波在纤维交错点向其他方向扩散，由压应力转变为拉应力,材料产生分层破坏,从而进一步吸收能量；C层结构针对抗侵彻拉伸阶段，利用展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物中经纱和纬纱在厚度方向上增加了层与层之间的作用力,使得在厚度方向上抑制层间剪切失效。本发明利用展宽UHMWPE纤维，在发挥优异的防弹性能的同时还能实现自身重量的轻薄化。
[技术方案]
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板，由着弹面至里层，依次由A、B、C三层面料叠加复合而成；其中，
A层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由150层展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照纤维延伸方向0°/90°交替依次堆叠铺层得到；A层面料总厚度为15mm；
B层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物堆叠铺层得到；B层面料总厚度为4mm；
C层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由1层展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物堆叠铺层得到；C层面料总厚度为3mm；
其中，A层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片，B层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，C层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物均由6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维制备得到；A、B、C三层面料之间及其内部各层之间通过热塑性树脂热压形成连接结构。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的长度为200-400mm，宽度为150-300mm。
本发明的第二目的在于提供制备前述的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维：对UHMWPE纤维进行展宽处理，得到6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维；
(2)制备展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片：将若干6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维并排退绕，通过预浸渍工艺，在纤维表面复合所述热塑性树脂，得到厚度为0.01-0.04mm，面密度为10-60g/m2展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片；
(3)A层铺设：在着弹面至里层方向，将步骤(2)得到的展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照纤维延伸方向0°/90°依次交替的顺序叠加至150层，依次铺入模具；
(4)制备展宽的UHMWPE三向织物：采用6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维通过三向织机加工得到展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，加工参数：6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维密度均为15根/10cm，织物密度为150g/m2，织物厚度为0.2mm，覆盖系数为60％；
(5)B层铺设：于A层的顶层上，将20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物堆叠铺层；
(6)制备展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物：采用6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维加工得到展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物；
(7)C层铺设：于B层的顶层上，将1层UHMWPE三维正交织物堆叠铺层；
(8)热压复合：热压处理得到展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板；
其中，A、B、C三层面料之间及其内部各层之间铺设有热塑性树脂层。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(1)中的UHMWPE纤维的细度为200-800D，单丝强度为38-40cN/dtex。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(1)中的UHMWPE纤维的细度为400D；单丝强度为40cN/dtex。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(1)的展宽处理工艺采用气流、机械或超声波振动中的至少一种方法。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述热塑性树脂为低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯或热塑性聚氨酯中的至少一种。优选地，所述热塑性树脂为低密度聚乙烯。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(2)中的所述的预浸渍工艺参数：温度为130-140℃，预浸辊压力为0.2-0.5Mpa。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(8)中的热压处理参数：加压压力为2-4MPa，加压时间为0.5h-3h。
优选地，步骤(8)中的热压处理参数：加压压力为2MPa，加压时间为1.5h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(2)中展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片的宽度为200-300mm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(6)中的加工参数：经纱的层数为3层，线密度为400D，45根/10cm-1；纬纱的层数为4层，线密度为400D，45根/10cm-1；法向纱线的线密度为400D。
本发明的第二目的在于提供前述的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板或前述方法制备的防弹板在7.62mm钢芯弹用防弹材料中的应用。
[有益效果]
(1)相对于普通的市售UHMWPE材料防弹板，本发明利用展宽的UHMWPE纤维，采用UD单片自制展宽三向织物和自制三维正交织物依次铺层的非均质结构，参考GJB4300A-2012评价标准，利用7.62mm钢芯弹测试子弹防弹板的防弹性能，结果发现：击打造成的凹陷深度能降低14.5％，能遭受子弹的平均10次击打；剪切强度要提高18.3％，弯曲性能要提高17.9％，防弹效果大幅提升。
(2)本发明的提供的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板，结构组成简单，不仅具有轻量化的显著优势，还有效的增加了其防弹性能(能防7.62mm钢芯弹)、剪切强度和弯曲强度。
(3)本发明提供的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板及制备方法，有效地解决了传统UHMWPE纤维UD布层合板耐打击次数低的问题，同时利用UHMWPE纤维的展宽工艺，与同种非展宽结构相比，面密度更低，更轻薄。
(4)本发明使用展宽的UHMWPE纤维加工得到特定的非均质结构，在叠加同等层数的情况下，可减轻约10％的重量。
附图说明
图1是本发明的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A层面料的结构示意图：超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照0°/90°交替叠加150层，其中，1为0°铺层的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片，2为90°铺层的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片，3为省略表示的150层叠加结构。
图3是图1中B层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物的结构示意图，其中1是展宽+60°UHMWPE纤维束，2是展宽UHMWPE-60°纤维束，3是展宽UHMWPE 0°纤维束。
图4是图1中C层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三维机织织物的结构示意图：其中1是展宽UHMWPE经纱，2是展宽UHMWPE纬纱，3是展宽的法向UHMWPE纱线。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解实施例是为了更好地解释本发明，不用于限制本发明。
展宽的UHMWPE三向织物与展宽的UHMWPE三维机织织物的参数如下所示，本领域技术人员结合下述参数及现有的加工工艺能够获得：
展宽的UHMWPE三向织物：利用展宽的UHMWPE纤维，参照图3的结构通过三向织机织造，具体参数如下：UHMWPE纤维密度均为15根/10cm，织物密度为150g/m2，织物厚度为0.2mm，覆盖系数为60％。
展宽的UHMWPE三维机织织物的结构如图4所示，织造工艺参照文献：李瑞,邱夷平,李惠军.三维正交芳纶织物织造实践[J].上海纺织科技,2016,44(03):40-41+44，厚度要求为2mm，具体参数见下表1。
表1
纱线种类 层数 线密度/D 密度[根·(10cm-1)]
经纱 3 400 45
纬纱 4 400 45
Z向纱(法向纱线) - 400 -
实施例1
一种基于展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板(厚度为22mm；长度为300mm；宽度为250mm)，其结构如图1所示，由外(着弹面)至里，依次由A、B、C三层面料叠加复合而成：其中，
A层面料的结构(如图2所示)：由150层超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照0°/90°交替依次堆叠铺层得到。1是0°超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片，2是90°超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片，3是省略的铺设层数，其层数为150层，长度为300mm宽度为250mm，总厚度为15mm。A层面料结构能够增加子弹打击防弹板的应力传播，有效吸收大部分能量；
B层面料的结构：20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物堆叠铺层得到采用LDPE复合粘接。展宽的UHMWPE三向织物的结构：1是展宽+60°UHMWPE纤维束，2是展宽-60°UHMWPE纤维束，3是展宽0°UHMWPE纤维束，按照图3构成三向织物。展宽的UHMWPE三向织物：长度为300mm宽度为250mm，叠加层数为20层，总厚度为4mm；B层面料的结构使应力在交错点处扩散，进一步吸收能量；
C层面料的结构：1层展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物堆叠而成，采用LDPE复合粘接。UHMWPE三维正交织物(如图4所示)中1是展宽UHMWPE经纱，2是展宽UHMWPE纬纱，3是展宽的法向UHMWPE纱线，构成三维正交机织织物，长度为300mm宽度为250mm，总厚度为3mm；C层面料的结构能够在厚度方向上抑制层间剪切失效，防止板子收到打击收到剪切力而失效破坏；
A、B、C三层面料的相对位置、方向等：三层次结构，其中最外层(着弹面)为A结构，以抵消大部分子弹冲击能量；中间层为B，增加子弹冲击应力波的扩散；最里层为C，增加防弹板抗剪切侵彻能力。
制备前述展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)展宽：采用机械展宽工艺对线密度400D、单丝强度为40cN/dtex的UHMWPE纤维(购自江苏锵尼玛新材料股份有限公司)进行处理，得到10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维；
(2)预浸渍：将30-50根步骤(1)得到的扁平UHMWPE纤维束并排平行退绕并穿过伸缩筘，输送速度为1.2m/min，得到宽度为300mm-500mm的UHMWPE纤维束；在预浸渍装置的浆槽中加入低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)，升温至135℃使其融化；UHMWPE纤维束从预浸渍装置的入模口处进入，依次经过5个圆柱销，与LDPE充分接触，最后从出模口导出，得到经LDPE预浸渍处理的UHMWPE纤维片；经过压力辊(调节压力为0.2Mpa)，压去多余的树脂，放置冷却，即得到厚度为0.01mm，面密度为10-60g/m2超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片；
(3)A层(着弹面)铺设：将步骤(2)得到的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照0°/90°(其中，0°/90°均表示超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片的纤维延伸方向，相邻两层的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片的纤维延伸方向垂直)交替的顺序叠加至150层，依次铺入模具(如图2所示)；
B层铺设：于A层的顶层上，由下至上依次铺设：1层LDPE，20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，其中在每相邻两层展宽的UHMWPE三向织物(10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维加工得到)中间添加1层LDPE(如图3所示)；
C层铺设：于B层的顶层上，由下至上依次铺设：5层LDPE，1层展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物(如图4所示，10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维加工得到)和5层LDPE；
热压：将前述模具温度升至135℃，施加2Mpa压力处理1.5h，然后从模具取出，得到展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板。
实施例2
参照实施例1，区别仅在于，采用6mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维替换10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维加工而成，其他工序保持与实施例1相同，制备得到一种展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板。
对比例1
参照实施例1，区别仅在于，将A层面料、B层面料、C层面料中的UHMWPE纤维均采用未经展宽处理的UHMWPE纤维加工而成，其他工序保持与实施例1相同，制备得到一种UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板。
对比例2省略C层展宽的UHMWPE三维机织织物铺设
制备展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的方法参照实施例1，区别仅在于，省略C层铺设，具体地：
(1)展宽：采用机械展宽工艺对线密度400D，单丝强度为40cN/dtex的UHMWPE纤维(购自江苏锵尼玛新材料股份有限公司)进行处理，得到10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维；
(2)预浸渍：将30-50根步骤(1)得到的扁平UHMWPE纤维并排平行退绕并穿过伸缩筘，输送速度为1.2m/min，得到宽度为300mm-500mm的UHMWPE纤维束；在预浸渍装置的浆槽中加入LDPE，升温至135℃使其融化；UHMWPE纤维束从预浸渍装置的入模口处进入，依次经过5个圆柱销，与LDPE充分接触，最后从出模口导出，得到经LDPE预浸渍处理的UHMWPE纤维片；经过压力辊(调节压力为0.2Mpa)，压去多余的树脂，放置冷却，即得到面密度为10-60g/m2超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片；
(3)A层(着弹面)铺设：将步骤(2)得到的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照0°/90°(其中，0°/90°均表示超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片的纤维延伸方向，相邻两层的超薄UHMWPE纤维UD单片的纤维延伸方向垂直)交替的顺序叠加至150层，依次铺入模具(如图2所示)；
B层铺设：于A层的顶层上，由下至上依次铺设：1层LDPE，20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，其中在每相邻两层展宽的UHMWPE三向织物中间添加1层LDPE(如图3所示)；
热压：将前述模具温度升至135℃，施加2Mpa压力处理1.5h，然后从模具取出，得到超轻薄UHMWPE/热塑复合材料防弹板。
对比例3
一种制备展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的方法，参照实施例1，区别仅在于，改变A、B、C三层面料叠加顺序为：
由外(着弹面)至里，依次为：
对比例3-1：A、C、B；
对比例3-2：C、B、A；
对比例3-3：B、A、C；
对比例3-4：B、C、A；
对比例3-5：C、A、B。
对比例4
市售UHMWPE材料防弹板(南昌维麟实业有限公司GA5级纯UHMWPE材料防弹插板，具体规格如下：250mm*300mm*22mm，质量为1400g，面密度为18kg/m2)。
测试与表征：将实施例、对比例得到的防弹板进行层间剪切强度、弯曲性能、凹陷深度、抗击打次数测试，其中层间剪切强度采用标准ASTM D2344-2000测试，弯曲性能按GB/T 9341—2008测试；防弹板的防弹性能(凹陷深度)测试方法参考GJB 4300A-2012评价标准，利用7.62mm钢芯弹测试。测试结果如下：
表2
Figure BDA0003654680890000081
从表2可以看出，与对比例1的A层面料、B层面料、C层面料中的UHMWPE纤维均采用未经展宽处理的UHMWPE纤维制备的防弹板相比，本发明经展宽UHMWPE纤维加工制备的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的面密度降低了5～10％，剪切强度和弯曲强度略有提升，凹陷深度略有下降。
与对比例2省略C层展宽的UHMWPE三维机织织物铺设制得的防弹板相比，本发明三层结构的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的剪切强度提高20.5～22.6％，弯曲强度提高17.1～17.5％，凹陷深度降低26.2～28.2％。
实施例1与实施例2对比发现，展宽10mm的UHMWPE纤维束与展宽6mm的纤维束各项性能指标差别不大。说明基于本发明的方法在展宽6～10mm的UHMWPE纤维束制备的防弹板均具有良好的性能。参考GJB 4300A-2012评价标准，利用7.62mm钢芯弹子弹测试实施例1、实施例2、对比例1-2、对比例3-1至对比例3-5和对比例4发现：实施例1、实施例2的防弹板背面基本未见明显变形且背面纤维未见被剪切破坏的现象，着弹面的褶皱与纤维拉伸破坏均较对比例轻；参考GJB 4300A-2012评价标准进行多次射击试验，结果证明实施例1-2的防弹板能够经受子弹平均10次的打击，而各对比例的防弹板能够经受子弹的平均打击次数均低于5次，远低于本发明的防弹板的耐打击次数。
实施例1与对比例3-1至3-5对比发现，其凹陷深度分别降低15.1％、28.7％、21.7％、27.3％和18.8％，面密度、剪切强度和弯曲强度基本相当；从耐击打次数来看，实施例1-2的防弹板能够经受子弹平均10次的打击，也远高于对比例3-1至3-5的防弹板的低于5次的打击次数，证明本发明特定的顺序的A、B、C面料结构组合在降低凹陷深度，提高打击次数等提高防弹性能方面起到了预料不到的效果。
实施例1与对比例4的市售UHMWPE材料防弹板相比，其凹陷深度降低14.5％，剪切强度要提高18.3％，弯曲性能要提高17.9％。可见本发明的非均质结构比GA5级纯UHMWPE防弹插板防弹效果更好，耐子弹击打能力更强，剪切强度，弯曲性能更优。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板，其特征在于，由着弹面至里层，依次由A、B、C三层面料叠加复合而成；其中，
A层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由150层展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照纤维延伸方向0°/90°交替依次堆叠铺层得到；A层面料总厚度为15mm；
B层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物堆叠铺层得到，其中，展宽的UHMWPE三向织物为展宽+60°UHMWPE纤维束、展宽-60°UHMWPE纤维束和展宽0°UHMWPE纤维束构成的三向织物；B层面料的结构使应力在交错点处扩散，进一步吸收能量；B层面料总厚度为4mm；
C层面料：在着弹面至里层方向，由1层展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物堆叠铺层得到；C层面料总厚度为3mm，其中，UHMWPE三维正交织物是由展宽UHMWPE经纱、展宽UHMWPE纬纱和展宽的法向UHMWPE纱线构成的织物，；C层面料的结构能够在厚度方向上抑制层间剪切失效，防止板子收到打击收到剪切力而失效破坏；
其中，A层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片，所述展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片的厚度为0.01mm～0.04mm，面密度为10-60g/m2，B层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，C层面料中的展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物均由6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维制备得到；A、B、C三层面料之间及其内部各层之间通过热塑性树脂热压形成连接结构。
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维：对UHMWPE纤维进行展宽处理，得到6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维；
(2)制备展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片：将若干6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维并排退绕，通过预浸渍工艺，在纤维表面复合所述热塑性树脂，得到厚度为0.01mm-0.04mm，面密度为10-60g/m2展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片；
(3)A层铺设：在着弹面至里层方向，将步骤(2)得到的展宽的UHMWPE纤维UD单片按照纤维延伸方向0°/90°依次交替的顺序叠加至150层，依次铺入模具；
(4)制备展宽的UHMWPE三向织物：采用6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维通过三向织机加工得到展宽的UHMWPE三向织物，加工参数：6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维密度为15根/10cm，织物密度为150g/m2，织物厚度为0.2mm，覆盖系数为60％；
(5)B层铺设：于A层的顶层上，将20层的展宽的UHMWPE三向织物堆叠铺层；
(6)制备展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物：采用6～10mm宽的扁平UHMWPE纤维加工得到展宽的UHMWPE三维正交织物；
(7)C层铺设：于B层的顶层上，将1层UHMWPE三维正交织物堆叠铺层；
(8)热压复合：热压处理得到展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板；
其中，在热压之前A、B、C三层面料之间及其内部各层之间铺设有热塑性树脂层，通过热塑性树脂热压形成连接结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中的UHMWPE纤维的细度为200-800D，单丝强度为38-40cN/dtex。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)的展宽处理工艺采用气流、机械或超声波振动中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性树脂为低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯或热塑性聚氨酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的所述的预浸渍工艺参数：温度为130-140℃，预浸辊压力为0.2-0.5Mpa。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(8)中的热压处理参数：加压压力为2-4MPa，加压时间为0.5-3h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(8)中的热压处理参数：加压压力为2MPa，加压时间为1.5h。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(6)中的加工参数：经纱的层数为3层，线密度为400D，45根/10cm-1；纬纱的层数为4层，线密度为400D，45根/10cm-1；法向纱线的线密度为400D。
10.权利要求1所述的展宽UHMWPE纤维非均质结构防弹板或权利要求2-9任一所述的方法制备的防弹板在7.62mm钢芯弹用防弹材料中的应用。
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