JP6873405B2 - 蓄電デバイス用負極活物質 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス用負極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6873405B2 JP6873405B2 JP2017534148A JP2017534148A JP6873405B2 JP 6873405 B2 JP6873405 B2 JP 6873405B2 JP 2017534148 A JP2017534148 A JP 2017534148A JP 2017534148 A JP2017534148 A JP 2017534148A JP 6873405 B2 JP6873405 B2 JP 6873405B2
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- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- storage device
- power storage
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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Description
Xa=[Ia/(Ia+Ic+Io)]×100(%)
表1〜8は本発明の実施例(No.1〜36)及び比較例(No.37、38)を示す。
(a)結晶化ガラス法による作製
表1、2、4〜8に示す各組成となるように、原料として各種酸化物、炭酸塩原料等を用いて原料粉末を調製した。原料粉末を白金ルツボに投入し、電気炉を用いて大気中にて1200〜1500℃で60分間の溶融を行った。次いで、溶融ガラスを一対の回転ローラー間に流し出し、急冷しながら成形し、厚み0.1〜2mmのフィルム状の溶融固化体を得た。フィルム状溶融固化体をボールミルで粉砕した後、空気分級することで、平均粒子径2μmの負極活物質前駆体粉末を得た。
表3に記載の組成となるように、炭酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、酸化チタンを秤量し、原料バッチを調整した。遊星ボールミルを用いて原料バッチをエタノール中で混合した後、100℃で乾燥させた。乾燥後の原料バッチを電気炉中にて900℃で6時間仮焼成することで脱ガスした。仮焼成した原料バッチを500kgf/cm2で加圧成形後、大気雰囲気中、800℃で5時間焼成した。得られた焼結体に対し、φ20mmのZrO2玉石を使用したボールミル粉砕を5時間行い、空気分級することで平均粒子径D50が2μmの負極活物質粉末を得た。
得られた負極活物質粉末について粉末X線回折測定することにより構造を同定した結果を表1〜8に示す。また、No.1の試料のXRDパターンを図1に示す。なお、図1の下段にNa5Ti(PO4)3結晶(PDFカード番号39−0178)のXRDパターンも併せて示す。
上記で得られた負極活物質粉末に対し、導電助剤として導電性カーボンブラック(SuperC65、Timcal社製)、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを、粉末:導電助剤:結着剤=85:5:10(質量比)となるように秤量し、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に分散した後、自転・公転ミキサーで十分に撹拌してスラリー化し、負極材料を得た。
ナトリウムイオン二次電池(NIB)用試験電池は以下のようにして作製した。上記で得られた負極を、銅箔面を下に向けてコインセルの下蓋に載置し、その上に70℃で8時間減圧乾燥した直径16mmのポリプロピレン多孔質膜からなるセパレータ、及び、対極である金属ナトリウムを積層し、試験電池を作製した。電解液としては、1M NaPF6溶液/EC:DEC=1:1(EC=エチレンカーボネート、DEC=ジエチルカーボネート)を用いた。なお試験電池の組み立ては露点温度−70℃以下の環境で行った。
ナトリウムイオン二次電池用試験電池は、30℃で開回路電圧から0.5VまでCC(定電流)充電を行い、単位質量当たりの負極活物質へ充電された電気量(初回充電容量)を求めた。次に、0.5Vから2.5VまでCC放電させ、単位質量当たりの負極活物質から放電された電気量(初回放電容量)を求めた。但し、No.15〜36については、開回路電圧から0.01Vまで充電を行うことにより初回充電容量を求め、次に0.01Vから2.5VまでCC放電させて初回放電容量を求めた。なお、Cレートは0.1Cとした。
表9、10は本発明の実施例(No.39〜43)を示す。
No.39〜41については、メタリン酸ソーダ(NaPO3)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、炭酸ソーダ(Na2CO3)、オルソリン酸(H3PO4)を原料とし、モル%で、Na2O 48.9%、TiO2 19.6%、及びP2O5 31.5%の組成となるように原料粉末を調合し、1250℃にて45分間、大気雰囲気中にて溶融を行った。No.42、43については、表10に示す各組成となるように、原料として各種酸化物、炭酸塩原料等を用いて原料粉末を調合し、1350℃にて60分間、大気雰囲気中にて溶融を行った。その後、溶融ガラスを一対の回転ローラー間に流し出し、急冷しながら成形し、厚み0.1〜1mmのフィルム状のガラスを得た。このフィルム状ガラスに対し、φ20mmのZrO2玉石を使用したボールミル粉砕を5時間行い、目開き120μmの樹脂製篩に通過させ、平均粒子径3〜15μmのガラス粗粉末を得た。さらに、このガラス粗粉末に対し、粉砕助剤にエタノールを用い、φ3mmのZrO2玉石を使用したボールミル粉砕を80時間行うことで、平均粒子径0.7μmのガラス粉末(負極活物質前駆体粉末)を得た。XRD測定の結果、ガラス粉末は非晶質であることが確認された。
(Li2O安定化β”アルミナ)
組成式:Na1.6Li0.34Al10.66O17のLi2O安定化β”アルミナ(Ionotec社製)を乾式研磨して、厚み0.2mmに加工することにより固体電解質シートを得た。また、得られた固体電解質シートを遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕し、目開き10μmの篩に通過させることで、別途、固体電解質粉末(平均粒子径13μm)を作製した。
炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)及び酸化マグネシウム(MgO)を原料とし、モル%で、Na2O 13.0%、Al2O3 80.2%、及びMgO 6.8%となるように原料粉末を調合し、エタノール中でφ5mmのAl2O3玉石を使用したボールミルで粉砕及び混合を10時間行った。得られた粉末を、厚み0.2mmのシート状に成形後、40MPaの圧力で等方加圧成形した後、大気雰囲気中1640℃にて1時間熱処理を行うことにより、MgO安定化β”アルミナからなる固体電解質シートを得た。
メタリン酸ナトリウム(NaPO3)、イットリア安定ジルコニア((ZrO2)0.97(Y2O3)0.03)、炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)及び二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)を原料とし、モル%で、Na2O 25.3%、ZrO2 31.6%、Y2O3 1.0%、P2O5 8.4%、SiO2 33.7%となるように原料粉末を調合し、エタノール中でφ5mmのAl2O3玉石を使用したボールミルで粉砕及び混合を10時間行った。得られた粉末を、厚み0.2mmのシート状に成形後、40MPaの圧力で等方加圧成形した後、大気雰囲気中1250℃にて2時間熱処理を行うことにより、NASICON結晶からなる固体電解質シートを得た。
上記で得られた負極活物質前駆体粉末、固体電解質粉末、導電性炭素としてアセチレンブラック(TIMCAL社製 SUPER C65)をそれぞれ表9、10に記載の割合で秤量し、遊星ボールミルを用いて、300rpmで30分間混合した。得られた混合粉末100質量部に、10質量部のポリプロピレンカーボネート(住友精化株式会社製)を添加し、さらにN−メチルピロリドンを30質量部添加して、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて十分に撹拌し、スラリー化した。
作製した試験電池について、60℃で開回路電圧から0.7VまでのCC(定電流)充電を行い、単位質量当たりの負極活物質へ充電された電気量(初回充電容量)を求めた。次に、放電は0.7Vから2.5VまでCC放電を行い、単位質量当たりの負極活物質から放電された電気量(初回放電容量)を求めた。なお本試験では、Cレートは0.01Cとし、「放電容量維持率」は初回放電容量に対する10サイクル目の放電容量の割合で評価した。結果を表9、10に示す。
Claims (8)
- 一般式Rx1R´x2MAyOz(RはLi、Na及びKから選択される少なくとも一種、R´はMg、Ca、Sr、Ba及びZnから選択される少なくとも一種、MはTi、V及びNbから選択される少なくとも一種、AはP、Si、B及びAlから選択される少なくとも一種、2≦x1≦6、0≦x2≦6、0<y≦12、0.2≦z≦87)で表される結晶相を含有することを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- 一般式RxTiPyOz(RはLi、Na及びKから選択される少なくとも一種、2≦x≦6、0.25≦y≦4、2.5≦z≦16)で表される結晶相を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- 一般式RxTiPyOzで表される結晶相が、R4TiP2O9、R5TiP3O12、R3TiP2O8.5、R3.91TiP2O9 及びR 2TiP2O 8 から選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- 酸化物換算のモル%で、R2O 0〜70%、R´O 0〜70%、TiO2+V2O5+Nb2O5 1〜80%、P2O5+SiO2+B2O3+Al2O3 5〜70%を含有する組成からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- 結晶相の含有量が50質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- ナトリウムイオン二次電池用であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用負極活物質を含有することを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用負極材料。
- 一般式R 4 TiP 2 O 9 、R 5 TiP 3 O 12 、R 3 TiP 2 O 8.5 、R 3.91 Ti P 2 O 9 、RTiP 1.67 O 6.67 、R 2 TiP 2 O 8 、RTiP 1.5 O 6 及びR TiPO 5 (RはLi、Na及びKから選択される少なくとも一種)から選択される少な くとも一種で表される結晶相を含有することを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用負極活物質。
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CN107851786B (zh) * | 2015-08-04 | 2021-04-06 | 日本电气硝子株式会社 | 蓄电器件用负极活性物质 |
JP7052215B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-08 | 2022-04-12 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用部材及び蓄電デバイス |
KR101894385B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-09-04 | 울산과학기술원 | 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 이차 전지용 음극 |
EP3716371B1 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2022-07-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode active substance for secondary battery, and secondary battery |
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CN109678166B (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-01-05 | 北京工业大学 | 一种硅酸钛钠材料制备及其在锂/钠离子电池的应用 |
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KR20110131278A (ko) * | 2002-10-15 | 2011-12-06 | 폴리플러스 배터리 컴퍼니 | 활성 금속 애노드를 보호하기 위한 이온 전도성 합성물 |
US7390591B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2008-06-24 | Polyplus Battery Company | Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells |
JP2004165018A (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-10 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | リチウム電池用活物質及びその製造方法,並びにリチウム電池 |
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JP5454426B2 (ja) | 2010-09-03 | 2014-03-26 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 水溶液系二次電池 |
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