JP6848736B2 - R−t−b系希土類永久磁石 - Google Patents
R−t−b系希土類永久磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 147
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferroboron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSEMHRBWSJLCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)(=O)N.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)(=O)N.C=C Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)(=O)N.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)(=O)N.C=C ZSEMHRBWSJLCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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Description
本発明は組成式が、
(R11−x(Y1−yーzCeyLaz)x)aTbBcMdで表され、
(但し、R1は、Y、Ce、Laを含まない1種以上の希土類元素、TはFeまたはFeおよびCoを必須とする1種以上の遷移金属、
MはGa、または、GaとSn、Bi、Siの1種以上とからなる元素であり、)
0.4≦x≦0.7、0.00≦y+z≦0.20、0.16≦a/b≦0.28、0.050≦c/b≦0.075、0.005≦d/b≦0.028
からなるR−T−B系希土類永久磁石であって、
前記R−T−B系希土類永久磁石は、R2T14B型正方晶構造を有する化合物からなる主相と粒界相を含み、
前記主相結晶粒子の平均結晶粒径は、D50≦4.00μm、
粒度分布が(D90−D10)/D50≦1.60の関係式を満たし、
(但し、D10、D50、D90は、任意の断面における主相結晶粒子の断面積の累積分布が10%、50%、90%となる面積円相当径)
さらに前記粒界相の被覆率が70.0%以上であるR−T−B系希土類永久磁石であることを特徴とする。
(R11−x(Y1−yーzCeyLaz)x)aTbBcMdで表され、
(但し、R1は、Y、Ce、Laを含まない1種以上の希土類元素TはFeまたはFeおよびCoを必須とする1種以上の遷移金属、
MはGa、または、GaとSn、Bi、Siの1種以上とからなる元素であり、) 0.4≦x≦0.7、0.00≦y+z≦0.20、0.16≦a/b≦0.28、0.050≦c/b≦0.075、0.005≦d/b≦0.028
からなるR−T−B系希土類永久磁石であって、前記R−T−B系希土類永久磁石は、R2T14B型正方晶構造を有する化合物からなる主相と粒界相を含む。
本実施形態のR−T−B系希土類永久磁石の製造においては、まず、本発明で用いる組成)を有するR−T−B系磁石が得られるような原料合金を準備する。原料合金は、真空又は不活性ガス、望ましくはAr雰囲気中でストリップキャスト法、その他公知の溶解法により作製することができる。
H_50%Js/HcJ_Hmag
をもってマイナー曲線平坦性の指標とする。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、それらの原料を溶解したのち、ストリップキャスト法により鋳造して、フレーク状の原料合金を得た。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、実験例1と同様にして、それぞれの組成について、原料合金の鋳造、水素粉砕処理、ジェットミルによる微粉砕、成形、焼結、時効処理を行った。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、実験例1と同様にして、それぞれの組成について、原料合金の鋳造、水素粉砕処理、ジェットミルによる微粉砕、成形、焼結、時効処理を行った。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、実験例1と同様にして、それぞれの組成について、原料合金の鋳造、水素粉砕処理、ジェットミルによる微粉砕、成形、焼結、時効処理を行った。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、実験例1と同様にして、それぞれの組成について、原料合金の鋳造、水素粉砕処理、ジェットミルによる微粉砕、成形、焼結、時効処理を行った。
表1の実験例3で水素粉砕処理まで行った粗粉砕粉末に、粉砕助剤として、ラウリル酸アミド0.1質量%を添加した後、ジェットミルを用いて微粉砕を行った。微粉砕に際しては、微粉砕粉末の平均粒径が、実験例30では1.0μm、実験例31では1.4μm、実験例32では1.9μm、実験例33では1.7μm、実験例34では2.7μm、実験例35では4.7μmとなるように、ジェットミルの分級条件を調節した。微粉砕工程後、回収した各微粉砕粉末を再びジェットミルに投入して更に精密に分級した。
表1の実験例3で鋳造した原料合金に対して、実験例36、37では、室温で水素を吸蔵させた後、Ar雰囲気で300℃での1時間の熱処理の後、一旦室温まで冷却し、真空雰囲気で再び300℃での1時間の熱処理を行う水素粉砕処理を行った。実験例38では、水素粉砕処理を行わず、スタンプミルにて機械的粗粉砕を行った。
表1に示す組成のR−T−B系焼結磁石が得られるように原料を配合し、実験例2〜4と同様にして、それぞれの組成について、原料合金の鋳造、水素粉砕処理、ジェットミルによる微粉砕、成形、焼結、時効処理を行った。
Claims (2)
- 組成式が、
(R11−x(Y1−yーzCeyLaz)x)aTbBcMdで表され、
(但し、R1は、Y、Ce、Laを含まない1種以上の希土類元素、TはFeまたはFeおよびCoを必須とする1種以上の遷移金属、
MはGa、または、GaとSn、Bi、Siの1種以上とからなる元素であり、)0.4≦x≦0.7、0.00≦y+z≦0.20、0.16≦a/b≦0.28、0.050≦c/b≦0.075、0.005≦d/b≦0.028
からなるR−T−B系希土類永久磁石であって、
前記R−T−B系希土類永久磁石は、R2T14B型正方晶構造を有する化合物からなる主相と粒界相を含み、
前記主相結晶粒子の平均結晶粒径は、D50≦4.00μm、
粒度分布が(D90−D10)/D50≦1.60の関係式を満たす、
(但し、D10、D50、D90は、任意の断面における主相結晶粒子の断面積の累積分布が10%、50%、90%となる面積円相当径)
さらに前記粒界相の被覆率が70.0%以上であることを特徴する、R−T−B系希土類永久磁石。 - 前記主相結晶粒子の平均結晶粒径がD50≦3.00μm、粒度分布が(D90−D10)/D50≦1.20の関係式を満たし、
さらに前記粒界相の被覆率が90.0%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のR−T−B系希土類永久磁石。
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