JP6826982B2 - 互いに接合されたセグメントから製造されたフォームの繊維による強化 - Google Patents
互いに接合されたセグメントから製造されたフォームの繊維による強化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6826982B2 JP6826982B2 JP2017533951A JP2017533951A JP6826982B2 JP 6826982 B2 JP6826982 B2 JP 6826982B2 JP 2017533951 A JP2017533951 A JP 2017533951A JP 2017533951 A JP2017533951 A JP 2017533951A JP 6826982 B2 JP6826982 B2 JP 6826982B2
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- fiber
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
- B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/35—Component parts; Details or accessories
- B29C44/352—Means for giving the foam different characteristics in different directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
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Description
a) 任意に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)をフォームの少なくとも1つの面に配置(装着、apply)する工程、
b) フォームおよび任意の層(S2)中の繊維(F)1本当たり1個の穴を作製する工程であって、穴がフォームの第1の面から任意の層(S2)の中を通って第2の面まで延在する、工程、
c) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上に供給する工程、
d) フォームの第1の面から穴の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで針を通り抜けさせ、針に任意の層(S2)を通り抜けさせる工程、
e) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上の針にしっかりと固定する工程、ならびに
f) 繊維(F)付きの針を、穴の中を通るように送り返し、この結果、繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面または任意の層(S2)から突出しており、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出している状態になる工程
を含む、方法によってフォーム中に導入されている、
成型品によって達成される。
I) ポリマー溶融物を押出機内に供給する工程、
II) 工程I)において供給されたポリマー溶融物に少なくとも1種の発泡剤を導入して、発泡性ポリマー溶融物を得る工程、
III) 工程II)において得られた発泡性ポリマー溶融物を、発泡性ポリマー溶融物を膨張させながら、少なくとも1個のダイ開口部の中を通ってより低い圧力の領域に入るように押出機から押出して、膨張フォームを得る工程、
IV) 工程III)から得た膨張フォームを、整形工具の中を通るように膨張フォームを誘導することによって調節(calibrating)して、押出フォームを得る工程、
V) 任意に、工程IV)において得られた押出フォームの材料除去をする工程
を含み、
i) 任意に、工程I)において供給されたポリマー溶融物が、少なくとも1種の添加剤を含み、ならびに/または
ii) 任意に、少なくとも1種の添加剤が、工程II)中にポリマー溶融物に添加され、および/もしくは工程II)と工程III)との間に発泡性ポリマー溶融物に添加され、ならびに/または
iii) 任意に、少なくとも1種の添加剤が、工程III)中に膨張フォームに供給され、および/もしくは工程IV)中に膨張フォームに供給され、ならびに/または
iv) 任意に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)が、工程IV)の最中および/もしくは直後に押出フォーム装着される、
方法によって作製された押出フォームから製造されている。
i) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個が、接着剤による接合および/もしくは溶接によって互いに接合されており、好ましくは、成型品のフォームにあるすべての互いに接合されたフォームセグメントが、熱溶接および/もしくは接着剤による接合によって互いに接合されており、ならびに/または
ii) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも2mm、好ましくは20mmから8000mmまでの範囲、より好ましくは100mmから400mmまでの範囲の長さ(x方向)、少なくとも2mm、好ましくは5mmから4000mmまでの範囲、より好ましくは25mmから2500mmまでの範囲の幅(y方向)および少なくとも2mm、好ましくは少なくとも5mm、より好ましくは少なくとも25mm、最も好ましくは30mmから80mmまでの範囲の厚さ(z方向)を有し、ならびに/または
iii) 個別のフォームセグメントが、スラブ形状を有し、ならびに/または
iv) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも5、好ましくは少なくとも10、より好ましくは少なくとも20、最も好ましくは20から500までの範囲の厚さ(z方向)に対する長さ(x方向)の比を有し、ならびに/または
v) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも3、好ましくは少なくとも5、より好ましくは少なくとも10、最も好ましくは10から250までの範囲の厚さ(z方向)に対する幅(y方向)の比を有し、ならびに/または
vi) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)が、フォームにある2個の互いに接合されたフォームセグメント間の少なくとも1つの接合面を通り抜け、好ましくはすべての繊維(F)の少なくとも20%、より好ましくはすべての繊維(F)の少なくとも50%が、フォームにある2個の互いに接合されたフォームセグメント間の少なくとも1つの接合面を通り抜け、ならびに/または
vii) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)が部分的にもしくは完全に、2個の互いに接合されたフォームセグメント間の少なくとも1つの接合面を≧20°、好ましくは≧35°、特に40°から90°の間の角度δで通り抜け、ならびに/または
viii) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個の間の少なくとも1つの接合面、好ましくはすべての接合面が、少なくとも2μm、好ましくは少なくとも5μm、より好ましくは20μmから2000μmまでの範囲、最も好ましくは50μmから800μmまでの範囲の厚さを有し、ならびに/または
ix) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個の間の少なくとも1つの接合面、好ましくはすべての接合面の厚さが、互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの平均セル壁厚さの合計より大きく、好ましくは、セル壁厚さの合計より2倍から1000倍大きく、より好ましくは5倍から500倍大きい。
i) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%、好ましくは少なくとも80%、より好ましくは少なくとも90%が、異方性であり、および/または
ii) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%、好ましくは少なくとも80%、より好ましくは少なくとも90%の最小寸法(c方向)に対する最大寸法(a方向)の比が、≧1.05、好ましくは1.1から10までの範囲、特に好ましくは1.2から5までの範囲であり、および/または
iii) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%、好ましくは少なくとも80%、より好ましくは少なくとも90%が、最大寸法(a方向)に基づいて成型品の厚さ方向(d)に対して≦45°、好ましくは≦30°、より好ましくは≦5°の角度γで整列されている、
本発明の成型品が、同様に好ましい。
ii) 押出フォームの少なくとも1種の弾性率、好ましくはすべての弾性率が、異方性材料、好ましくは直交異方性もしくは横等方性材料のように振る舞い、ならびに/または
iii) 長さ(x方向)のフォームの少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントの圧縮強さに対する厚さ(z方向)のフォームの少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントの圧縮強さの比および/もしくは幅(y方向)のフォームの少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントの圧縮強さに対する厚さ(z方向)のフォームの少なくとも2個のフォームセグメント、好ましくはすべてのフォームセグメントの圧縮強さの比が、≧1.1、好ましくは≧1.5、特に好ましくは2から10の間である、
本発明の成型品が、さらに好ましい。
i) 繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、第1の層(S1)と部分的もしくは完全に接触しており、好ましくは完全に接触しており、および/または
ii) 繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、第2の層(S1)と部分的もしくは完全に接触しており、好ましくは完全に接触しており、および/または
iii) パネルが、成型品の少なくとも1つの面と少なくとも1つの層(S1)との間に、好ましくは二次元的な繊維材料もしくはポリマーフィルム、より好ましくはガラス繊維もしくは炭素繊維から構成された、ウェブ、スクリムもしくは織り組織の形態の少なくとも1つの層(S2)を有する、
パネルも同様に好ましい。
i) 繊維材が、チョップドファイバー、ウェブ、スクリム、編み物および/もしくは織り組織からできた1つもしくは複数の薄層の形態、好ましくはスクリムもしくは織り組織の形態、より好ましくはスクリムもしくは織り組織当たりの基本質量(目付)が150g/m2から2500g/m2までのスクリムもしくは織り組織の形態の繊維を含み、ならびに/または
ii) 繊維材が、有機繊維、無機繊維、金属繊維もしくはセラミック繊維、好ましくはポリマー繊維、玄武岩繊維、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維もしくは天然繊維、より好ましくはガラス繊維もしくは炭素繊維のうちの繊維を含む。
a) 任意に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)をフォームの少なくとも1つの面に装着する工程、
b) フォームおよび任意の層(S2)中の繊維(F)1本当たり1個の穴を作製する工程であって、穴が第1の面から任意の層(S2)の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで延在する、工程、
c) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上に供給する工程、
d) フォームの第1の面から穴の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで針を通り抜けさせ、針に任意の層(S2)を通り抜けさせる工程、
e) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上の針にしっかりと固定する工程および
f) 繊維(F)付きの針を、穴の中を通るように送り返し、この結果、繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面または任意の層(S2)から突出しており、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出している状態になる工程
によって実施することが好ましく、
工程b)と工程d)とを同時に実施することがより好ましい。
a) 任意に、層(S2)をフォームの少なくとも1つの面に装着する工程、
b) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上に供給する工程、
c) フォームおよび任意の層(S2)中の繊維(F)1本当たり1個の穴を作製する工程であって、穴が第1の面から任意の層(S2)の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで延在し、穴が、針にフォームおよび任意の層(S2)を通り抜けさせることによって作製される、工程
d) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上の針にしっかりと固定する工程、
e) 繊維(F)付きの針を、穴の中を通るように送り返し、この結果、繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面または任意の層(S2)から突出しており、繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出している状態になる工程、
f) 任意に、第2の面上の繊維(F)を切り取る工程および
g) 任意に、針に付いて形成された繊維(F)のループを切開する工程
を含んでもよい。
i) 構造体の1つだけの面上への流動助剤の使用および/または
ii) 構造体の両面上への流動助剤の使用および/または
iii) 半透膜を有する構造体(VAP構造体);半透膜は好ましくは、成型品の全領域にわたって覆いかぶせられており、半透膜を覆いかぶせた成形品の1つの面または両面上には、流動助剤、分離フィルムおよびはく離織布が使用されているが、真空封止テープを使って半透膜により成型品の表面を封止し、吸収フリースを、成型品から遠くにある方の半透膜の面上に取り付けており、この結果、空気が、全領域にわたって上方に排気されるようになっている、および/または
iv) ゲートに対向している成型品の面に位置決めされ、この結果、空気が反対側の面からゲートに排気されるようになることが好ましいメンブレンフィルムから製造された、真空ポケットの使用。
最初に、スラブ形態のフォームセグメントを、相異なる組成を用いて作製する。フォームセグメントをタンデム型押出システム内で、ポリフェニルエーテル(PPE)およびポリスチレン(PS)を含む押出フォームとして作製する。25部のPPEおよび75部のPSを含む総体としての配合物を作製するために、溶融押出機(ZSK120)に、ポリフェニレンエーテルマスターバッチ(PPE/PSマスターバッチ、Noryl C6850、Sabic)およびポリスチレン(PS148H、BASF)を継続的に供給する。さらに、タルク(0.2部)等の添加剤をPSマスターバッチ(PS148H、BASF)として、取入れ口を介して計量供給する。発泡剤(二酸化炭素、エタノールおよびイソブタン)を、様々な組成を用いて圧力下で注入口に注入する。発泡剤および添加剤を含む総処理能力は、750kg/hである。発泡性ポリマー溶融物を、下流側の冷却押出機(ZE400)内で冷却し、スロットダイの中を通るように押出する。膨張フォームを、表面がTeflonによって被覆されている加熱された調節器により、コンベヤベルトを用いて引き取り、スラブに形成する。機械的加工前の一般的なスラブ寸法は、幅約800mmおよび厚さ60mmである。押出フォームの平均密度は、50kg/m3である。
互いに接合されたフォームセグメントおよび被覆繊維を含む成型品を、上記PPE/PSフォーム(実施例I1)から作製する。押出フォームの場合、一体化されたフォームスラブを、20mmの厚さを有する現行形態で使用する。接合面は、一体化されたスラブの中央を正確に通って延びている。スラブは、800mm×600mmの寸法を有しており、一体化された2個のスラブ要素の平均厚さは、元々60mmだったが、材料除去によって厚さが薄くなった後には、最終的な接合のための厚さ10mmのフォームセグメントが得られる。
接合されたフォームセグメントおよび被覆繊維を含む成型品を、上記PETフォーム(実施例I3)から作製する。押出フォームの場合は最初に、1500mmの長さ、700mmの幅および35mmの厚さを有するいくつかのフォームスラブを、熱溶接によって接合する。続いて、得られた700mmの総厚を有するフォームをバンドソーによって、接合面と、一体化されていない元々のスラブの長手方向とに対して垂直に切断して、700mm×700mmの幅/長さ寸法および20mmの厚さを有するスラブにする。したがって、フォームスラブは、スラブの厚さに対して垂直に配向された、約22個の一体化されたフォームセグメントからなる。一体化されたスラブの厚さ方向(d)のフォーム要素の圧縮強さは、0.6MPaであり、したがって、(DIN EN ISO844に従って)長手方向または横方向の場合より約4.1倍高い。
パネルを成型品、例えばI5から作製する。繊維強化外側プライを、真空インフュージョンによって作製する。使用される樹脂系、フォームスラブおよびガラスロービングに加えて、次の補助材料も使用される:ナイロン真空フィルム、真空封止テープ、ナイロン流動助剤、ポリオレフィン分離フィルム、ポリエステルはく離織布およびPTFEメンブレンフィルムならびにポリエステル吸収フリース。パネルは、真空インフュージョンにより繊維強化外側プライを装着することによって成型品から作製される。2つのプライのQuadraxガラスロービング(EガラスSE1500、OCV;テキスタイル:Saertex、いずれの場合においても1200g/m2の等方性ラミネート[0°/−45°/90°45°])がそれぞれ、(繊維強化)フォームの上面および下面に装着される。はく離織布および流動助剤は、ガラスロービングのいずれかの面上に取り付けられている。続いて、構造体に、樹脂系のためのゲートおよび排気のためのゲートを備え付ける。最後に、真空フィルムを構造体全体にわたって装着し、封止テープによって封止し、構造体全体を排気する。構造体は、ガラス表面が、電気加熱可能なステージ上にあるように製造される。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも2個の互いに接合されたフォームセグメントを含むフォームから製造された、成型品であって、少なくとも1本の繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面から突出しており、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出しており、繊維(F)が部分的に、
a) 任意に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)をフォームの少なくとも1つの面に配置する工程、
b) フォームおよび任意の層(S2)中の繊維(F)当たり1個の穴を作製する工程であって、フォームの第1の面から任意の層(S2)の中を通って第2の面まで穴を延在させる、工程、
c) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上に供給する工程、
d) フォームの第1の面から穴の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで針を通り抜けさせ、針に任意の層(S2)を通り抜けさせる工程、
e) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上の針に固定する工程、ならびに
f) 繊維(F)付きの針を、穴の中を通るように送り返し、この結果、繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面または任意の層(S2)から突出しており、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出している状態になる工程
を含む、方法によって導入されており、及び
工程b)及びd)は同時に実施されることを特徴とする成型品。 - i) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個が、接着剤による接合および/もしくは溶接によって互いに接合されており、ならびに/または
ii) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも2mmの長さ(x方向)、少なくとも2mmの幅(y方向)および少なくとも2mmの厚さ(z方向)を有し、ならびに/または
iii) 個別のフォームセグメントが、スラブ形状を有し、ならびに/または
iv) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも5の厚さ(z方向)に対する長さ(x方向)の比を有し、ならびに/または
v) 個別のフォームセグメントが、少なくとも3の厚さ(z方向)に対する幅(y方向)の比を有し、ならびに/または
vi) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)が、フォームのうち、互いに接合された2個のフォームセグメント間の少なくとも1つの接合面を通り抜け、ならびに/または
vii) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)が部分的にもしくは完全に、互いに接合された2個のフォームセグメント間の少なくとも1つの接合面を≧20°の角度δで通り抜け、ならびに/または
viii) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個の間の少なくとも1つの接合面が、少なくとも2μmの厚さを有し、ならびに/または
ix) 互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの少なくとも2個の間の少なくとも1つの接合面の厚さが、互いに接合されたフォームセグメントの平均セル壁厚さの合計より大きい、
請求項1に記載の成型品。 - フォームのフォームセグメントが、成型フォーム、押出フォーム、反応性フォームから製造されている、請求項1または2に記載の成型品。
- フォームセグメントが、セルを含み、
i) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%が、異方性であり、および/または
ii) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%の最小寸法(c方向)に対する最大寸法(a方向)の比が、≧1.05であり、および/または
iii) 少なくとも2個のフォームセグメントのセルの少なくとも50%が、最大寸法(a方向)に基づいて成型品の厚さ方向(d)に対して≦45°の角度γで整列されている、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の成型品。 - フォームのフォームセグメントが、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンオキシド、フェニレンオキシドから製造されるコポリマー、スチレンから製造されるコポリマー、ポリアリールエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリ乳酸、ポリビニルクロリドまたはこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーを主体としている、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の成型品。
- フォームのすべてのフォームセグメントが、同じポリマーを主体とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の成型品。
- i) 繊維(F)が、単繊維もしくは繊維束であり、ならびに/または
ii) 繊維(F)が、有機繊維、無機繊維、金属繊維もしくはセラミック繊維またはこれらの組合せであり、ならびに/または
iii) 繊維(F)が、1束当たり少なくとも10本の数の単繊維を有する繊維束の形態で使用され、ならびに/または
iv) 繊維領域(FB1)および繊維領域(FB3)がそれぞれ独立に、繊維(F)の全長の1%から45%までを占め、繊維領域(FB2)が、10%から98%までを占め、ならびに/または
v) 繊維(F)が、成型品の厚さ方向(d)に対して0°から60°までの角度αでフォーム中に導入されており、ならびに/または
vi) 成型品において、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が突出している成型品の第1の面が、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が突出している成型品の第2の面に対向しており、ならびに/または
vii) 成型品が、複数の繊維(F)を含み、および/もしくは1m2当たり10本より多い繊維(F)または繊維束を含む、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の成型品。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの成型品および少なくとも1つの層(S1)を含む、パネル。
- 層(S1)が少なくとも1種の樹脂を含む、請求項8に記載のパネル。
- 層(S1)が、少なくとも1種の繊維材をさらに含み、
i) 繊維材が、チョップドファイバー、ウェブ、スクリム、編み物および/もしくは織り組織からできた1つもしくは複数の薄層の形態の繊維を含み、ならびに/または
ii) 繊維材が、有機繊維、無機繊維、金属繊維もしくはセラミック繊維を含む、
請求項8または9に記載のパネル。 - パネルが、2つの層(S1)を有し、2つの層(S1)がそれぞれ、成型品の他方の面に対向する、成型品の一面上に取り付けられている、請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載のパネル。
- i) 繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、第1の層(S1)と部分的もしくは完全に接触しており、および/または
ii) 繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、第2の層(S1)と部分的もしくは完全に接触しており、および/または
iii) パネルが、成型品の少なくとも1つの面と少なくとも1つの層(S1)との間に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)を有する、
請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載のパネル。 - 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)を部分的に、
a) 任意に、少なくとも1つの層(S2)をフォームの少なくとも1つの面に配置する工程、
b) 繊維(F)当たり1個の穴をフォームおよび任意の層(S2)に形成する工程であって、穴がフォームの第1の面から任意の層(S2)の中を通って第2の面まで延在する、工程、
c) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上に供給する工程、
d) フォームの第1の面から穴の中を通ってフォームの第2の面まで針を通り抜けさせ、針に任意の層(S2)を通り抜けさせる工程、
e) 少なくとも1本の繊維(F)をフォームの第2の面上の針に固定する工程、ならびに
f) 繊維(F)付きの針を、穴の中を通るように送り返し、この結果、繊維(F)が、繊維領域(FB2)が成型品の内部に入っている状態で存在し、フォームによって取り囲まれている一方で、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB1)が、成型品の第1の面または任意の層(S2)から突出しており、繊維(F)の繊維領域(FB3)が、成型品の第2の面から突出している状態になる工程
によってフォーム中に導入することを含み、及び
工程b)及び工程d)が同時に実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の成型品を作製するための方法。 - 反応性のある粘性樹脂の形態の少なくとも1つの層(S1)を請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の成型品上に作製し、装着し、硬化させることを含む、請求項8から12のいずれか一項に記載のパネルを作製するための方法。
- 風車の動翼のために、輸送分野において、建設分野において、自動車製造において、造船において、鉄道車両製造において、コンテナ製造のために、衛生設備のためにおよび/または航空宇宙において、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の成型品または請求項8から12のいずれか一項に記載のパネルを使用する方法。
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