JP6818676B2 - インフルエンザウイルスおよび黄色ブドウ球菌の重感染に対する新規の抗感染戦略 - Google Patents
インフルエンザウイルスおよび黄色ブドウ球菌の重感染に対する新規の抗感染戦略 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6818676B2 JP6818676B2 JP2017512462A JP2017512462A JP6818676B2 JP 6818676 B2 JP6818676 B2 JP 6818676B2 JP 2017512462 A JP2017512462 A JP 2017512462A JP 2017512462 A JP2017512462 A JP 2017512462A JP 6818676 B2 JP6818676 B2 JP 6818676B2
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Description
本発明は、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を、または細菌感染のみを予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤に関する。また、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染の、または細菌感染のみの予防および/または治療における使用のためのそのような阻害剤を含む組成物も提供される。加えて、インフルエンザウイルスおよび細菌に感染した培養細胞または細菌のみに感染した培養細胞を含む、インビトロの試験システムが提供される。
インフルエンザA型ウイルスは、かなりの罹患率および死亡率をもたらす重症呼吸器疾患の原因病原体である。インフルエンザウイルス(IV)感染の経過中の致死的症例の大部分は、実際には、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus))、肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、およびインフルエンザ菌(Haemophilus influenzae)のような異なる細菌によって引き起こされる二次性肺炎の結果である(Morens et al., 2008, Chertow et al., 2013)。細菌重感染の最も顕著な問題は、病原性の突然増加であり(Iwao et al., 2012, Paddock et al., 2012, Parker et al., 2012)、異なる病原菌に対する強力な抗感染薬の蓄えが限られていることである。インフルエンザウイルスの高い変動性および新しい菌株の継続的な出現(Neumann et al., 2009, Taubenberger et al., 2010, Parry, 2013)、細菌株に固有の特徴(Grundmann et al., 2006, Moran et al., 2006, Gillet et al., 2007, Shilo et al., 2011)、ならびに利用可能な薬物/抗生物質に対しての、インフルエンザウイルス(Hayden et al., 1992, Bright et al., 2006, Pinto et al., 2006, De Clercq et al., 2007, Pinto et al., 2007)および細菌(Grundmann et al., 2006, Moran et al., 2006, Shilo et al., 2011)の両方の急速な耐性発現が、不十分な治療選択肢の主因である。さらに、これまで、インフルエンザウイルスおよび細菌の重感染の治療が単一の化合物で可能ではないことは付帯的な事柄である。本発明は、単一薬物を用いることによるIVおよび黄色ブドウ球菌の重感染に対する新規の抗感染戦略を提案するという点でこの問題を解決する。さらに、本発明は、細菌自体よりもむしろ細胞因子を標的とする薬物を提供することによって、細菌の急速な耐性発現の問題を解決する。
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含むインビトロの試験システムに接触させた場合に、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤は、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較してウイルス感染および細菌感染の両方を低減する。
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含む、インビトロの試験システムに関する。
[本発明1001]
細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1002]
細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1003]
細菌感染が、スタフィロコッカス科(Staphylococcaceae)、連鎖球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、レジオネラ科(Legionellaceae)、シュードモナス科(Pseudomonadaceae)、クラミジア科(Chlamydiaceae)、マイコプラズマ科(Mycoplasmataceae)、腸内細菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、シュードモナス目(Pseudomonadales)、および/またはパスツレラ科(Pasteurellaceae)からなる群より選択される細菌によって媒介される、本発明1001または1002の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1004]
インフルエンザウイルス感染がインフルエンザA型ウイルスまたはインフルエンザB型ウイルスによって媒介される、本発明1001または1003のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1005]
インフルエンザA型ウイルスが、H1N1、H2N2、H3N2、H6N1、H7N7、H7N9、H9N2 H10N7、H10N8、またはH5N1、好ましくはH3N2、H5N1、H1N1、およびH7N9である、本発明1004の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1006]
MEK阻害剤が、U0126、PLX-4032、AZD6244、AZD8330、AS-703026、GSK-1120212、RDEA-119、RO-5126766、RO-4987655、CI-1040、PD-0325901、GDC-0973、TAK-733、PD98059、ARRY-438162、PF-3644022、およびPD184352、好ましくはAZD8330、GSK-1120212、U0126、GDC-0973、CI-1040、PD0325901、ARRY-438162、PF-3644022、およびAZD6244からなる群より選択される、本発明1001〜1005のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1007]
p38阻害剤が、SB202190、LY2228820、CAY10571、SB 203580、Tie2キナーゼ阻害剤、2-(4-クロロフェニル)-4-(フルオロフェニル)-5-ピリジン-4-イル-1,2-ジヒドロピラゾール-3-オン、CGH 2466、SB220025、抗生物質LL Z1640-2、TAK 715、SB202190塩酸塩、SKF 86002、AMG548、CMPD-1、EO 1428、JX 401、ML 3403、RWJ 67657、SB 202190、SB 203580、SB 203580塩酸塩、SB 239063、SCIO 469、SX 011、TAK 715、パマピモド、ロスマピモド(GW856553)、ディルマピモド(SB681323)、VX 702、VX 745、ドラマピモド(BIRB 796)、BMS-582949、ARRY-797、PH797804、好ましくはVX-702、SB202190、パマピモド、ロスマピモド(GW856553)、ディルマピモド(SB681323)、ドラマピモド(BIRB 796)、BMS-582949、ARRY-797、PH797804、およびSCIO-469からなる群より選択される、本発明1001〜1006のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1008]
NFκB阻害剤が、LASAG、SC75741、MG 132、TPCA-1、PCTC、IMD 0354、ルテオリン、カフェイン酸フェネチルエステル、カルダモニン、PF 184、IKK 16、SC 514、ウィザフェリンA、アルクチゲニン、Bay 11-7085、PSI、PR 39、Ro 106-9920、Bay 11-7821、ML-130、セラストロール、タンシノンIIA、HU 211、グリオトキシン、CID 2858522、ホノキオール、アンドログラフォライド、10Z-ヒメニアルジシン、ACHP、プリスチメリン、スルファサラジン、ML 120B二塩酸塩、アンレキサノクス、9-メチルストレプトイミドン、N-ステアロイルフィトスフィンゴシン、2-(1,8-ナフチリジン-2-イル)-フェノール、5-アミノサリチル酸、BAY 11-7085、3,4-ジヒドロキシ桂皮酸エチル、ヘレナリン(Helanalin)、NF-κB活性化阻害剤II、JSH-23、グルココルチコイド受容体調節因子、CpdA、PPM-18、ASA、ピロリジンジチオカルバミン酸アンモニウム塩、(R)-MG132、SC75741、ロカグラミド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、QNZ、PS-1145、CAY10512、ボルテゾミブ、サルサレート、レスベラトロール、デオキシスペルグアリン、スリンダク、サリドマイド、AGRO-100、CHS 828、および/またはクルクミン、好ましくはボルテゾミブ、クルクミン、ASA、サルサレート、レスベラトロール、サリチル酸ナトリウム、LASAG、SC75741、デオキシスペルグアリン、スリンダク、サリドマイド、AGRO-100、および/またはCHS 828からなる群より選択される、本発明1001〜1007のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1009]
MEK阻害剤が別のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤と組み合わされ、p38阻害剤が別のp38阻害剤、MEK阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤と組み合わされ、またはNFκB阻害剤が別のNFκB阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはMEK阻害剤と組み合わされる、本発明1001〜1008のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1010]
インフルエンザウイルスおよび/または細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤と組み合わされる、本発明1001、1003〜1009のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1011]
細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤と組み合わされる、本発明1001〜1010のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1012]
インフルエンザウイルスおよび/または細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤と同時に、その前にまたはその後に投与される、本発明1010の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1013]
インフルエンザウイルスを標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤が、ノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤、好ましくはリン酸オセルタミビル、ザナミビル、オセルタミビル、またはペラミビルである、本発明1010または1012の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1014]
インフルエンザウイルスを標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤が、イオンチャネルタンパク質(M2)を標的とする化合物、好ましくはアマンタジン、および/またはリマンタジンである、本発明1010または1012の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1015]
インフルエンザウイルスを標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤が、ウイルスポリメラーゼ複合体の成分PB1、PB2、PA、またはNPと干渉することによってポリメラーゼ活性またはエンドヌクレアーゼ活性を標的とする化合物、好ましくはNP遮断薬ヌクレオジンまたはポリメラーゼ阻害剤T-705である、本発明1010または1012の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1016]
細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤が、抗生物質、好ましくはゲンタマイシン、リファンピシン、リゾスタフィン、エリスロマイシン、レボフロキサシン、バンコマイシン、テイコプラニン、ペニシリン、およびオキサシリンである、本発明1010〜1015の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1017]
対象、好ましくは脊椎動物における本発明1001〜1016のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1018]
MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤を、
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含むインビトロの試験システムに接触させた場合に、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較してウイルス感染および細菌感染の両方を低減する、本発明1001、1003〜1017のいずれかの使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1019]
ウイルス感染の低減がプラーク形成単位(pfu)/mlの低減であり、かつ細菌感染の低減がコロニー形成単位(CFU)/mlの低減である、本発明1018の使用のためのMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤。
[本発明1020]
細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤を含む、組成物。
[本発明1021]
細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤を含む、組成物。
[本発明1022]
細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤、ならびにインフルエンザウイルスおよび/または細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤を含む、組成物。
[本発明1023]
細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のための、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤、ならびに細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤を含む、組成物。
[本発明1024]
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含む、インビトロの試験システム。
[本発明1025]
細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を低減するのに有効な阻害剤の判定のための本発明1024のインビトロの試験システムの使用。
[本発明1026]
接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較してウイルス感染および細菌感染の両方を低減する関心対象の化合物を、本発明1024のインビトロの試験システムに接触させる段階を含む、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するのに有効な分子を検出するための方法。
[本発明1027]
ウイルス感染の低減がプラーク形成単位(pfu)/mlの低減であり、かつ細菌感染の低減がコロニー形成単位(CFU)/mlの低減である、本発明1025の使用または本発明1026の方法。
[本発明1028]
細菌に感染した培養細胞を含む、インビトロの試験システム。
[本発明1029]
シグナル伝達のレベル、結果として生じるサイトカインおよびケモカイン発現、アポトーシスおよびネクローシスの誘導、ならびに/または健康状態および疾患を調節する酸化還元ホメオスタシスの検査を任意で含む、先天性宿主細胞応答の検査のための本発明1024のおよび本発明1028のインビトロの試験システムの使用。
[本発明1030]
細菌感染を低減するのに有効な阻害剤の判定のための本発明1029のインビトロの試験システムの使用。
[本発明1031]
接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較して細菌感染を低減する関心対象の化合物を、本発明1029のインビトロの試験システムに接触させる段階を含む、細菌感染を予防および/または治療するのに有効な分子を検出するための方法。
[本発明1032]
インフルエンザウイルスおよび細菌に感染した培養細胞。
[本発明1033]
細菌に感染した培養細胞。
下記は、本発明を理解する際に有用でありうる情報を含む。本明細書において提供される情報のいずれも、本明細書で主張する発明に対する先行技術であること、もしくはそれらに関連することを自認するものではなく、または具体的もしくは非明示的に参照されるいずれの刊行物も先行技術であると自認するものではない。
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含むインビトロの試験システムに接触させた場合に、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤は、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較してウイルス感染および細菌感染の両方を低減する。別の態様において、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤は、本発明の細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための方法における使用のためのものであり、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤を、細菌に感染した培養細胞を含むインビトロの試験システムに接触させた場合に、MEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤は、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較して細菌感染を低減する。
a) インフルエンザウイルスおよび
b) 細菌
に感染した培養細胞を含む、インビトロの試験システムに関する。
本発明はまた、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を低減するのに有効な阻害剤の判定のための本発明のインビトロの試験システムの使用を提供する。1つの態様において、ウイルス感染の低減はプラーク形成単位(pfu)/mlの低減であり、細菌感染の低減はコロニー形成単位(CFU)/mlの低減である。
加えて、本発明は、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較してウイルス感染および細菌感染の両方を低減する関心対象の化合物を、本発明のインビトロの試験システムに接触させる段階を含む、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するのに有効な分子を検出するための方法に関する。1つの態様において、ウイルス感染の低減はプラーク形成単位(pfu)/mlの低減であり、細菌感染の低減はコロニー形成単位(CFU)/mlの低減である。
本発明は、加えて、細菌感染を低減するのに有効な阻害剤の判定のための本発明のインビトロの試験システムの使用に関する。
さらに、本発明は、シグナル伝達のレベル、結果的に起こるサイトカインおよびケモカイン発現、アポトーシスおよびネクローシスの誘導、ならびに/または健康状態および疾患を調節する酸化還元ホメオスタシスの検査を任意で含んでもよい、先天性宿主細胞応答の検査のための本発明のインビトロの試験システムの使用に関する。
また、本発明により、接触前のインビトロの試験システムと比較して細菌感染を低減する関心対象の化合物を、本発明のインビトロの試験システムに接触させる段階を含む、細菌感染を予防および/または治療するのに有効な分子を検出するための方法も提供される。
本発明はさらに、インフルエンザウイルスおよび細菌に感染した培養細胞に関する。
また、細菌に感染した培養細胞も提供される。
本発明はまた、本発明のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤または本発明の薬学的組成物の治療的有効量を対象に投与する段階を含む、対象における細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するための方法に関する。
また、本発明は、医薬の調製のための本発明のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤または本発明の組成物の使用を提供する。
加えて、本発明は、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を予防および/または治療するための、本発明のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤、または本発明の組成物の使用に関する。
同様に、本発明はまた、本発明のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤、または本発明の薬学的組成物の治療的有効量を対象に投与する段階を含む、対象における細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための方法を提供する。
加えて、本発明は、細菌感染を予防および/または治療するための、本発明のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/もしくはNFκB阻害剤、または本発明の組成物の使用に関する。
ここ数年以内に、ワクチン接種またはIVに対する従来の抗ウイルス薬(ノイラミニダーゼおよびM2遮断薬)ならびに黄色ブドウ球菌に対する従来の抗生物質による治療とは別の追加的および代替的な治療戦略の必要性が着実に増した。その一方で、抗ウイルス治療介入のために、いくつかの細胞因子が潜在的な標的として同定されている。全く対照的に、細菌感染中の、特に細菌量および/または急速なサイトカイン発現の発生を低減することによる抗細菌治療の標的としての、お決まりの(rote)細胞因子に関する知識は、IV重感染の存在下ではさらにいっそう、あまり理解されていない。
ヒト肺上皮細胞をDMEM [10% FCS] 2 ml中で、6ウェルプレート(細胞8×105個/ウェル)に播種した。播種から16〜20時間後に、細胞をすすぎ、PBS/BA [0.2%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、1 mM MgCl2、0.9 mM CaCl2、100 U/mlペニシリン、0.1 mg/mlストレプトマイシン] (500 μl/6ウェル)または表示した感染多重度(MOI)のウイルスを含有するPBS/BAとともに37℃でインキュベートした。30分のインキュベーション後に、ウイルス希釈液を吸引し、細胞をPBSですすぎ、試験化合物の存在下または非存在下、表示したMOIの細菌を含むまたは含まない浸潤用培地DMEM/INV [1%ヒト血清アルブミン、25 nmol/l HEPES] (2 ml/6ウェル)を補充した。細菌感染から3時間後に、細胞を抗生物質で処理して、細胞外細菌を除去した。そこで、細胞をPBSですすぎ、その後、37℃で20分間DMEM/INV抗生物質[2 μg/mlのリゾスタフィン(Sigma)] (1 ml/6ウェル)とともにインキュベートした。PBSによるさらなる洗浄後、試験物質を含有するDMEM/INVを、細胞に補充し、これを、表示した時間37℃でインキュベートした。A/Puerto Rico/8/34に関して、DMEM/INVに0.333 μg/mlのトリプシン(Invitrogen)をさらに補充した。IV力価および細胞内細菌の判定を(Hrincius et al., 2010, Tuchscherr et al., 2011)に記述されているように行った。
さらなる実験において、単独感染または重感染の状況におけるインフルエンザA型ウイルス(IAV)および黄色ブドウ球菌6850感染に対する溶媒対照と比較したMEK阻害剤U0126、CI-1040およびコビメチニブ(GDC-0973)の効果を調べた。
さらなる実験において、単独感染または重感染の状況におけるインフルエンザA型ウイルス(IAV)および黄色ブドウ球菌6850感染に対するNFκB阻害剤LG-ASA (LASAG)の効果を調べた。
Claims (7)
- CI-1040およびGDC-0973からなる群より選択されるMEK阻害剤を含む、細菌感染およびインフルエンザウイルス感染を含む重感染を治療するための医薬。
- 細菌感染が、スタフィロコッカス科(Staphylococcaceae)、連鎖球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、レジオネラ科(Legionellaceae)、シュードモナス科(Pseudomonadaceae)、クラミジア科(Chlamydiaceae)、マイコプラズマ科(Mycoplasmataceae)、腸内細菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、シュードモナス目(Pseudomonadales)、および/またはパスツレラ科(Pasteurellaceae)からなる群より選択される細菌によって媒介される、請求項1記載の医薬。
- インフルエンザウイルス感染がインフルエンザA型ウイルスまたはインフルエンザB型ウイルスによって媒介される、請求項1または2記載の医薬。
- MEK阻害剤が別のMEK阻害剤、p38阻害剤、および/またはNFκB阻害剤と組み合わされる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の医薬。
- p38阻害剤が、SB202190、LY2228820、CAY10571、SB 203580、Tie2キナーゼ阻害剤、2-(4-クロロフェニル)-4-(フルオロフェニル)-5-ピリジン-4-イル-1,2-ジヒドロピラゾール-3-オン、CGH 2466、SB220025、抗生物質LL Z1640-2、TAK 715、SB202190塩酸塩、SKF 86002、AMG548、CMPD-1、EO 1428、JX 401、ML 3403、RWJ 67657、SB 202190、SB 203580、SB 203580塩酸塩、SB 239063、SCIO 469、SX 011、TAK 715、パマピモド、ロスマピモド(GW856553)、ディルマピモド(SB681323)、VX 702、VX 745、ドラマピモド(BIRB 796)、BMS-582949、ARRY-797およびPH797804からなる群より選択される、請求項4記載の医薬。
- NFκB阻害剤が、LASAG、SC75741、MG 132、TPCA-1、PCTC、IMD 0354、ルテオリン、カフェイン酸フェネチルエステル、カルダモニン、PF 184、IKK 16、SC 514、ウィザフェリンA、アルクチゲニン、Bay 11-7085、PSI、PR 39、Ro 106-9920、Bay 11-7821、ML-130、セラストロール、タンシノンIIA、HU 211、グリオトキシン、CID 2858522、ホノキオール、アンドログラフォライド、10Z-ヒメニアルジシン、ACHP、プリスチメリン、スルファサラジン、ML 120B二塩酸塩、アンレキサノクス、9-メチルストレプトイミドン、N-ステアロイルフィトスフィンゴシン、2-(1,8-ナフチリジン-2-イル)-フェノール、5-アミノサリチル酸、BAY 11-7085、3,4-ジヒドロキシ桂皮酸エチル、ヘレナリン(Helanalin)、NF-κB活性化阻害剤II、JSH-23、グルココルチコイド受容体調節因子、CpdA、PPM-18、ASA、ピロリジンジチオカルバミン酸アンモニウム塩、(R)-MG132、SC75741、ロカグラミド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、QNZ、PS-1145、CAY10512、ボルテゾミブ、サルサレート、レスベラトロール、デオキシスペルグアリン、スリンダク、サリドマイド、AGRO-100、CHS 828、および/またはクルクミンからなる群より選択される、請求項4または5記載の医薬。
- MEK阻害剤が、インフルエンザウイルスおよび/または細菌を標的とする1つまたは複数の阻害剤と組み合わされる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の医薬。
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