JP6812024B2 - Rice cultivation system, rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to crops, mainly rice growing systems for growing rice, and rice growing methods.

Conventionally, in rice cultivation, seedlings are raised using seedlings such as field seedlings, water seedlings, eclectic seedlings, and nursery boxes, and the obtained young seedlings are planted in Honda (paddy fields) using a rice planting machine or the like. Is widely practiced.

In a related technique, 80 to 120 kg of rice husk charcoal and 4 to 10 kg of basal fertilizer having a particle size of 0.4 mm or more are sprayed on 10 ares of paddy field, and the paddy field to which the rice husk charcoal and basal fertilizer are sprayed is cultivated and then irrigated to seedlings. In this paddy field, rice husk charcoal having a particle size of 0.4 mm or more is contained in a paddy field having a content of 2 to 15% by weight, and nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium are added to the paddy field. A method for cultivating rice is known, which comprises transplanting seedlings grown in a nursery containing 0.01 to 0.07% by weight of each component (see Patent Document 1 below).

JP-A-2002-027849

However, since the rice cultivation method described above uses two different growing facilities, the seedlings and Honda, the young seedlings raised in the seedlings are harvested, the harvested young seedlings are transported, and the transported young seedlings are loaded into the rice transplanter. , A series of work of planting young seedlings in Honda with a rice transplanter was required, which was very time-consuming. With the outflow of young people to the cities, the population decline of young people is accelerating, and the labor shortage of agriculture is accelerating. Nowadays, there is a demand for more efficient agricultural work.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rice cultivation system and a rice cultivation method capable of realizing efficient rice cultivation.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, one aspect of the present invention includes a water supply system for supplying water to a paddy field in which seed paddy in a state after soaking is planted, and a drainage system for discharging water from the paddy field. A water supply / drainage system for controlling the water supply system and the drainage system is provided so that the water temperature of the paddy field becomes substantially constant.

Further, in one aspect of the present invention, water is supplied to the paddy field in which the seed paddy is planted in the state after soaking by a water supply system, water is discharged from the paddy field by a drainage system, and the water temperature of the paddy field becomes substantially constant. As described above, the water supply system and the drainage system are controlled.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rice cultivation system and a rice cultivation method capable of realizing efficient rice cultivation. Other effects of the present invention will also be described in the section of embodiments for carrying out the following inventions.

It is a block diagram which shows typically the rice cultivation system which concerns on embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the rice cultivation method using the rice cultivation system which concerns on embodiment.

Hereinafter, the rice cultivation system according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and the drawings, components having substantially the same function are designated by the same reference numerals, so that duplicate description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a rice cultivation system according to the present embodiment. The rice cultivation system 1 grows seed paddy in a state where the buds are awakened in Honda 301, and as shown in FIG. 1, mainly paddy fields including the first and second reservoirs 10 and 20 and a plurality of Honda 301s. It includes a system 30.

The first and second reservoirs 10 and 20 are located upstream of the paddy field system 30, respectively, and discharge the liquid (water or aqueous solution) stored in each Honda 301 of the paddy field system 30. It is configured to be possible.

The first reservoir 10 stores water whose water temperature is controlled, and is connected to each Honda 301 of the paddy field system 30 located downstream via the first flow path 401 and the third flow path 403. The first reservoir 10 is provided with a water gate 10a that can be opened and closed for discharging the stored water (hereinafter referred to as stored water) to the first flow path 401, and when the water gate 10a is opened, the first reservoir 10a is provided. 1 Discharge the stored water to the flow path 401. In the present embodiment, the amount of stored water discharged can be adjusted by the opening degree of the water gate 10a. Further, the first reservoir 10 includes a pump 101 for pumping (pumping up) the mixed liquid described later from the third reservoir 303 and discharging it to the first reservoir 10, and a heat exchanger 102 for controlling the temperature of the stored water. I have.

The temperature of the stored water whose temperature is controlled by the heat exchanger 102 is set to a temperature of about 20 ° C. when mixed with the liquid fertilizer stored in the second reservoir 20 described later and flows into the Honda 301. Is preferable. This can be appropriately set depending on the scale of the rice cultivation system 1 and the environment in which it is placed. For example, when the first to third channels 401 to 403 are arranged so as to be affected by the outside air temperature, this can be set appropriately. The water may be set to less than or equal to 20 ° C. in consideration of the temperature change due to the outside air temperature. On the other hand, if the first to third channels 401 to 403 are buried in the ground and are not affected by the outside air temperature, the temperature may be set to 20 ° C. In this embodiment, the temperature of the stored water is controlled by the heat exchanger 102, but what kind of material is used if the temperature of the stored water can be controlled, such as by using electricity or fossil fuel. You may.

The second reservoir 20 stores an aqueous solution in which a predetermined fertilizer is mixed with water, in other words, a liquid fertilizer in which the fertilizer is dissolved, and a second flow path 402 with respect to each Honda 301 of the paddy field system 30 located downstream. And are connected via the third flow path 403. As the predetermined fertilizer here, for example, it is preferable to use an existing fertilizer in which seedlings are most likely to grow, and it is more preferable to use a fertilizer that is gentle on fish, frogs, and loaches. Similar to the first reservoir 10, the second reservoir 20 is provided with a sluice gate 20a that can be opened and closed for discharging liquid fertilizer to the second flow path 402, and when the water gate 20a is opened, the second flow path 402 Discharge liquid fertilizer. In the present embodiment, the amount of liquid fertilizer discharged can be adjusted by the opening degree of the floodgate 20a.

The first flow path 401 and the second flow path 402 are connected to each other on the upstream side of the third flow path 403 on the downstream side thereof, and the third flow path 403 is connected to each Honda 301 of the paddy field system 30 on the downstream side thereof. It is connected. Therefore, when the stored water and liquid fertilizer stored in the first reservoir 10 and the second reservoir 20 are discharged, they flow into the third flow path 403 through the first and second flow paths 401 and 402, and are mixed here. Then, it becomes a mixed liquid and flows into each Honda 301.

The paddy field system 30 is provided located downstream from the first and second reservoirs 10 and 20, and includes a Honda 301, a plurality of drainage channels 302, and a third reservoir 303 located downstream from the Honda 301. ..

One drainage channel 302 is arranged for one Honda 301 to connect the Honda 301 and the third reservoir 303, and the mixed liquid flowing into the Honda 301 is discharged to the third reservoir 303. The Honda 301 is provided with a water gate 301a that can be opened and closed to discharge the inflowing mixed liquid to the drainage channel 302, and discharges the mixed liquid to the drainage channel 302 when the water gate 301a is opened. In the present embodiment, the discharge amount of the mixed liquid can be adjusted by the opening degree of the water gate 301a.

The third reservoir 303 collects and temporarily stores the mixed liquid discharged from Honda 301 through each drainage channel 302, and is connected to the first reservoir 10 via the fourth flow path 404. .. The mixed liquid stored in the third reservoir 303 can be pumped up by the pump 101 described above and flowed back to the first reservoir 10 through the fourth flow path 404.

The rice cultivation method using the rice cultivation system 1 described above will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a rice cultivation method using the rice cultivation system according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the seeds are first soaked to awaken the seed paddy buds (S101). Specifically, the seed paddy is disinfected with a salt solution having a low salt concentration, and after disinfection, it is immersed in warm water at about 60 ° C. for about 2 days to absorb water. Hereinafter, the seed paddy that has been soaked will be referred to as soaked paddy. The soaked paddy here is preferably just before germination, but may be in a germinated state, that is, a pigeon breast state in which radicles and buds are about 1 mm. The salt concentration to be disinfected, the temperature of water, the number of days of immersion, and the like may be appropriately set according to the type of paddy and the environment.

Next, rice planting is carried out in the soil of Honda 301, which has been cultivated in advance and has been irrigated to some extent and mixed with mud, in which seeded paddy is planted at an interval of preferably about 30 cm (S102). At this time, in order to prevent the seeds from being washed away by rain or being struck by sparrows or crows, the seeded paddy may be wrapped in a thin bag containing nutrients and buried in the soil. Honda 301 is preferably controlled to a temperature of about 20 ° C., for example, the mixed solution from the first reservoir 10 and the second reservoir 20 is once flowed in to set the temperature and make it muddy prior to the rice planting. You may do so. Further, it is preferable to plant rice using an existing automatic rice transplanter. When rice is planted at intervals of about 30 cm, it is preferable to plant 3 to 5 seeded paddy, that is, a group of 3 to 5 seeded paddy is planted at an interval of 30 cm. It is preferable to increase the number of soaked rice as the interval increases. For example, if the interval is about 35 cm, 4 to 6 soaked paddy may be planted, and if the interval is about 40 cm, 5 to 7 soaked paddy may be planted.

After planting rice, a predetermined amount of water stored in the first reservoir 10 is discharged, a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer in the second reservoir 20 is discharged, and a mixed solution of these is discharged into Honda 301 (S103). As a result, Honda 301 will be controlled to a temperature of about 20 ° C. The amount of stored water and liquid fertilizer discharged here may be appropriately set so that the temperature of Honda 301 is about 20 ° C., depending on the area of Honda 301, the temperature and concentration of hot water and liquid fertilizer, and the like.

After a predetermined amount of the mixed liquid flows into the Honda 301, the flowed mixed liquid is discharged to the third reservoir 303 (S104). At this time, the inflow of the mixed liquid Honda 301, that is, the discharge of the stored water and the liquid fertilizer of the first and second reservoirs 10 and 20, and the discharge of the mixed liquid to the third reservoir 303 continued throughout the day, that is, for 24 hours. Therefore, the temperature of Honda 301 is also controlled to be substantially constant. It is preferable to adjust the opening degrees of the floodgates 10a, 20a, and 301a so that the inflow and outflow of the mixed liquid with respect to Honda 301 are substantially the same.

The inflow and outflow of the mixed solution in Honda 301 may not be continuously performed for 24 hours, but may be performed irregularly or continuously at regular intervals according to the state of Honda 301. For example, a temperature range (for example, 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C.) may be set for the water temperature of Honda 301, and if the temperature is not within the temperature range, the mixed liquid may be flown in and out, and this may be continued a plurality of times.

The mixed liquid that has flowed into the third reservoir 303 is pumped up by the pump 101 and discharged to the first reservoir 10 through the fourth flow path 404 (S105). In the first reservoir 10, the water temperature may change when the mixed liquid from the fourth flow path 404 mixes with the stored water. In that case, the water temperature may be adjusted again so that Honda 301 is controlled to 20 ° C. As a matter of course, the nutrients in the stored water change (for example, increase) due to the inflow of the mixed solution into the stored water. Therefore, it is preferable that the concentration or discharge amount of the liquid fertilizer in the second reservoir 20 is adjusted in consideration of the change. ..

The inflow and outflow of the mixed solution in Honda 301 described above are continued, and after the soaked paddy grows into young seedlings (sanae), the temperature of the mixed solution stretched in Honda 301 is adjusted to a normal temperature (S106). This adjustment may be made, for example, by stopping the water temperature control of the first reservoir 10 and making it a normal temperature. In addition, the young seedlings here refer to seedlings that are in an independent state. The young seedlings may be in the state of seedlings, middle seedlings, adult seedlings, etc., and the time for adjusting to a normal temperature may be appropriately selected according to the variety and environment of the seed paddy.

After the water temperature of Honda 301 becomes normal, this flow is completed by managing Honda 301 in the same way as existing rice cultivation and harvesting rice. In other words, after the water temperature of Honda 301 becomes normal, it is in a state similar to the state after rice planting of seedlings raised in the seedlings that is generally done, so take the same measures as existing rice cultivation. Just do it. In the management of Honda 301 here, the inflow and outflow of the mixed solution in Honda 301 may be continued, or may be stopped completely, irregularly, or periodically.

According to the present embodiment described above, ungerminated soaked paddy can be grown into young seedlings in Honda 301, and therefore no seedlings are required, and naturally planting from seedlings to Honda. Since no replacement is required, extremely efficient rice cultivation can be realized. In addition, a mixed solution in which conditions such as water temperature and nutrients are sufficiently provided can be constantly supplied to Honda 301, and high-quality rice can be grown. Furthermore, the mixed solution discharged from Honda 301 by the pump 101, that is, the stored water mixed with the most downstream fertilizer, can be reused, which not only measures water shortage but also reduces costs including reduction of fertilizer and labor costs. It will be possible.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the Honda 301 in which the soaked paddy is planted at predetermined intervals by an automatic rice transplanter or the like is in order, and the strong wind blows through the seedlings and the seedlings grow robustly, and drones, helicopters, and people The fertilizer sprinkled by hand does not stick to the seedlings and interfere with photosynthesis, the seedlings grow quickly, and if you mix fish, frogs, and fertilizers that are kind to the dough, it can be environmentally friendly and large-scale agriculture. It is possible to realize world-class rice cultivation.

In the present embodiment, it has been described that the discharge amounts of the stored water, the liquid fertilizer, and the mixed liquid are adjusted by using the floodgates 10a, 20a, and 301a. However, what if the flow rate of the fluid can be adjusted such as a valve? May be used.

Further, the discharge amount and the discharge timing of the stored water, the liquid fertilizer, the mixed liquid discharged from the Honda 301, and the mixed liquid pumped up from the third reservoir 303 may be automatically performed by the operator. Water gates and pumps may be controlled. Examples of the automatic method include a method in which a temperature sensor is provided in the first reservoir 10 or Honda 301 so that the above control is performed in conjunction with the detection result of the temperature sensor, or a timer is used in terms of time. Examples thereof include a control method and a combination thereof.

Further, although it has been explained that the pump 101 is provided in the first reservoir 10, it may be provided in the third reservoir 303. Further, the pump 101 may be provided in the second or third reservoir 303, and the fourth flow path 404 may connect the second reservoir 20 and the third reservoir 303. In this case, the mixed liquid pumped up from the third reservoir 303 flows into the second reservoir 20, so that the concentration of the liquid fertilizer is reduced. Therefore, fertilizer may be added as appropriate.

The present invention can be practiced in various other forms without departing from its gist or main features. Therefore, the above embodiments are merely exemplary in all respects and should not be construed in a limited way. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims, and is not bound by the text of the specification. Moreover, all modifications, modifications, substitutions and modifications that fall within the equivalent scope of the claims are all within the scope of the present invention.

1 Rice cultivation system 10 1st reservoir (water supply system, 1st reservoir)
10a, 20a, 301a Sluice gate (water supply and drainage system)
101 Heat exchanger (1st water storage section)
102 Pump 20 2nd Reservoir (Water Supply System, 2nd Reservoir)
301 Honda (paddy field)
302 Drainage channel (drainage system)
303 Third Reservoir (drainage system)
401 First flow path (water supply system)
402 Second flow path (water supply system)

Claims (7)

A water supply system for supplying water to multiple paddy fields in which seed paddy is planted after soaking,
A drainage system for draining water from the multiple paddy fields,
A water supply / drainage system for controlling the water supply system and the drainage system is provided so that the water temperature of each of the plurality of paddy fields becomes substantially constant.
The water supply system
A water supply storage unit located upstream of the plurality of paddy fields, which stores water and supplies water to the plurality of paddy fields .
With a liquid fertilizer storage section located upstream of the plurality of paddy fields, which stores liquid fertilizer and supplies liquid fertilizer to the plurality of paddy fields.
Have,
The drainage system is located downstream of the plurality of paddy fields and has a drainage storage unit for storing water discharged from the plurality of paddy fields.
The paper drainage system,
A temperature control unit provided in the water supply storage unit for controlling the temperature of the stored water ,
A first floodgate for adjusting the amount of water discharged from the water supply storage section,
With a second floodgate for controlling the amount of liquid fertilizer discharged from the liquid fertilizer storage section
Have,
A rice cultivation system characterized in that the water temperature of each of the plurality of paddy fields is made substantially constant by adjusting the opening degree of the first and second floodgates and the temperature adjusting unit . The rice cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the inflow and outflow of water in the plurality of paddy fields is continuously performed until the seed paddy grows into young seedlings. The rice cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water discharged by the drainage system is a mixed solution of water and fertilizer. The water supply system,
A first flow path for flowing the temperature-controlled water to the plurality of paddy from the previous SL water supply reservoir,
It is provided with a second flow path for flowing the liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer storage unit into the plurality of paddy fields.
The first flow path and the second flow path are connected upstream of the plurality of paddy fields, and the water from the water supply storage section and the liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer storage section are mixed to form a mixed liquid. The rice cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rice flows into a paddy field. The rice cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising a pump for returning the water in the wastewater storage section to the water supply storage section. The rice cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the seed paddy is planted in the paddy field in a state before emergence. From soaking seeds after state in seeds water supply reservoir provided upstream of a plurality of paddy planted, supplies water to the paddy the plurality of, from a liquid fertilizer reservoir provided upstream of said plurality of paddy , Supply liquid fertilizer to the multiple paddy fields,
Water is discharged from the plurality of paddy fields to the drainage storage section provided downstream of the plurality of paddy fields.
The water supply from the water supply and storage unit, the supply of liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer storage unit, and the drainage from the wastewater storage unit are controlled so that the water temperature of each of the plurality of paddy fields becomes substantially constant.
In the control, the opening degree adjustment of the first water gate for adjusting the water discharge amount of the water supply storage part and the opening degree adjustment of the second water gate for adjusting the liquid fertilizer discharge amount of the liquid fertilizer storage part. A rice cultivation method, characterized in that the water temperature of each of the plurality of paddy fields is made substantially constant by the temperature control unit provided in the water supply storage unit and controlling the temperature of the stored water .

Images