JP2003023882A - Automatic control system for paddy water - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To promote the growth of paddy cultivated crops and further improve the stability of yield. SOLUTION: This automatic control system for paddy water comprises an underdrainage conduit 34 for discharging soil water embedded in soil 32 of a paddy field 12 and is designed to variably control drainage from the underdrainage conduit 34 with an underdrainage device 36. Thereby, permeated water flowing down in the soil 32 is controlled. As a result, the moisture content, the amount of oxygen, the temperature, etc., in soil in a region where roots R of the crops spread can be regulated to conditions suitable for the growth of the crops and the stability of the yield can be improved. The system has effects even on prevention of discharge of methane gas from the soil 32.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system for automatically managing water in a paddy field for cultivating crops in the paddy field, and a method for cultivating paddy field cultivated crops.
The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling drainage from an underdrain buried in the soil of a paddy field.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in paddy rice cultivation, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-132919, water supply to a submerged part is adjusted according to weather conditions. It is being appreciated. This water supply adjustment is
The main purpose is to maintain the water level in the submerged area (submerged depth) at a specified value.
In other words, there is nothing aimed at controlling the soil environment.

The inventors have found that root growth is particularly important in the cultivation of paddy field crops. Therefore, as a result of repeated field research on the soil environment, especially the water content in the soil, the following inventions were obtained. Came to do.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The growth management method for paddy field crops according to the present invention controls the drainage from the underdrain so that the state of the paddy field soil becomes a state suitable for growing paddy field crops. adjust.

As a result of an investigation from the surface of the paddy field to the underground, the inventor found that the water in the paddy field was flooded water It is composed of water and free groundwater located below it, and it is possible to control the water content in the target soil mainly by controlling the free groundwater level and controlling the temperature of the surface water and the depth of water. Came to the conclusion. In addition, it was concluded that under non-flooded conditions, it can be managed not only by underground infiltration of water by rainfall or artificial irrigation, but also by capillarity raising action of free groundwater.

Soil water is supplied by subsurface infiltration of paddy water, the amount absorbed from the roots of crops is reduced, and it further infiltrates downward to be integrated with free groundwater. Therefore, by lowering the water level of free groundwater, it is possible to increase the amount of infiltration of soil water downward and increase the amount of infiltration of surface water to the ground. The present invention, by utilizing this, by adjusting the free groundwater by the underdrain drainage equipment at an appropriate timing, to permeate the rice field water of desired quality into the soil, and to optimize the soil environment around the crop root. is there.

The desired quality of paddy water varies depending on the type of crop, the growth state, the weather conditions and the like. For example, in paddy rice cultivation in cold regions, when the surface water temperature rises above a predetermined value, the soil surface temperature raised in the daytime due to sunlight etc. is actively permeated underground to increase soil temperature and oxygen. It can increase supplies, promote root development and activity, and thus promote crop growth.
Also, in flooded cultivation in the warm summer in the midsummer period, by supplying more rice field water whose temperature has decreased due to radiative cooling and rainfall from night to early morning, the soil is cooled and the oxygen deficiency is prevented to prevent methane etc. It is possible to suppress the generation of harmful substances.

In the present invention, the water level adjustment of free groundwater for such crop growth is performed by the drainage control of the underdrain drainage system. That is, the paddy field water automatic management system according to the present invention, by controlling the underdrain drainage variable mechanism that makes the drainage state from the underdrain drainage water in the soil of the paddy field variable, the water in the soil of the paddy field crops. Adjust so that it is in a state suitable for growth. Further, in the present invention, a water supply mechanism for supplying water to the submerged part of the paddy field and / or a drainage mechanism for directly draining water from the submerged part is controlled to make the submerged part of the submerged part grow in the paddy field crops. It is suitable to adjust so as to be in a suitable state.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a paddy water automatic management system 10 according to the present embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the paddy field 12 and a block diagram showing a device configuration on the paddy field side installed in the paddy field 12, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the paddy field 12 viewed from a different direction (right side in FIG. 2) from FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, a paddy field automatic water management system 10 includes, for example, a paddy field 1 in or near a paddy field 12.
The farmland device 14 provided for every two and the management device 18 provided in the management ridge 16 are provided. Between the farm device 14 and the management device 18, a signal for controlling the mechanism for controlling the water in the paddy field 12 is transmitted wirelessly or by wire. In or around the paddy field 12, environmental conditions of the paddy field 12 (eg, temperature, water temperature, ground temperature, water quality, etc.), control states (eg, submersion depth, etc.), or a mechanism for controlling water (eg, water supply device 24, paddy field) Various sensors for detecting the operating state of the drainage device 28 or the underdrain drainage device 36, etc. are installed, and the field device 14 aggregates the detection values of these sensors at a predetermined timing (for example, a predetermined time interval), and A signal indicating the detected value is transmitted to the management device 18. The management device 18 acquires the control information of the mechanism that controls the water in the paddy field 12 based on these detected values, and transmits a signal indicating this to the field device 14. The field device 14 passes the received control information to the mechanism for controlling water, and the mechanism is controlled based on this control information. In this way, the mechanism for controlling the water in the paddy field 12 is remotely controlled by the management device 18. The signal indicating the detected value may be transmitted at different timings depending on the detected value. Further, the field device 14 is configured to transmit a signal indicating the actual control record (or operation record) of each device that controls water to the management device 18, and the management device 18 stores the record as a control history. Good.

As shown in FIG. 2, the submerged section 20 of the paddy field 12 is shown.
Is supplied with water from the water supply channel 22 by the water supply device 24. The water supply device 24 includes, for example, a valve or a pump, and variably controls the amount of water supply according to the control information from the management device 18. The water supply device 24 simply supplies water /
The stoppage may be simply switched, or the supply water flow rate may be variable. Further, the water supply time zone may be set or manually operated.

The rice field water is discharged to the drainage channel 30 by the rice field drainage device 28. Similarly to the water supply device 24, the rice field drainage device 28 may also be provided with a valve, a pump, or the like, and may be configured to variably control the amount of drainage according to control information from the management device 18. In this case, the rice field drainage device 28 may simply switch drainage / stop, or may be configured to make the drainage flow rate variable.
Further, the rice field drainage device 28 may be configured not to variably adjust the discharge amount, but to simply discharge the water that excessively flows into the submersible part 20 due to rainfall or the like.

An underdrain pipe 34 is buried in the soil 32 below the inundation section 20. Suitably, as shown in FIG. 3, the underdrain pipe 34 is located below the topsoil layer (hereinafter referred to as soil) 32a that is a target of ordinary agricultural work such as tillage in crop cultivation.
It is buried in a stratum called subsoil 32b. Underdrain 34
Is configured as, for example, a water-permeable porous tube or a net-shaped tube (not shown), and can discharge the soil water (that is, free groundwater) of the subsoil 32b. An underdrain drainage device 36 is provided in the underdrain pipe 34, and the water level of free groundwater can be adjusted up and down by controlling the drainage.

A plurality of underdrain pipes 34 are buried in the soil 32 in the field at predetermined intervals, for example, in parallel, and soil water (free groundwater) is supplied from almost the entire area below the inundation section 20.
Is configured to be discharged toward the drainage channel 30. Further, the underdrain drainage device 36 may be provided for each underdrain pipe 34, or may be provided for a water collecting pipe in which a plurality of underdrain pipes 34 are integrated. The underdrain drainage device 36 is also the water supply device 24.
Similarly, a valve or a pump is provided, and the amount of drainage is variably controlled according to the control information from the management device 18. Also in this case, the underdrain drainage device 36 may simply switch the drainage / stop, or may be configured to make the drainage flow rate variable.

In and around the paddy field 12,
Various sensors for detecting the environmental conditions (for example, air temperature, water temperature, ground temperature, water quality, etc.) and control conditions (for example, water depth) are provided. In the present embodiment, for example, a soil temperature sensor 38 that measures the soil temperature in the soil 32 (for example, the soil 32a; a region in which the root R is stretched is particularly suitable), a submerged water temperature sensor 40 that measures the water temperature of the rice field water, and a water supply channel. A water supply channel water temperature sensor 42 for measuring the water temperature of 22, a temperature sensor 44 for measuring the air temperature, a submerged water depth sensor 46 for measuring the submerged water depth, and a chemical sensor (for example, a water quality sensor for measuring the water quality such as electrical conductivity of rice field water) 48 are provided. .
The burial depth of the ground temperature sensor 38 is appropriately set according to the type of cultivated crop and the thickness of the land layer, but as an example, in the case of paddy rice, a good result can be obtained when set to about 20 cm. I was able to.

The management device 18 is, for example, the field device 1.
4 and a computer 18b (FIG. 1) for processing information, and a mechanism for controlling the water in the paddy field 12 (in this embodiment, the water supply device 24, the rice field) Drainage device 28 and underdrain drainage device 3
6) Control unit 18c (eg CPU; FIG. 1)
And parameters for controlling the control unit 18c (for example, operating conditions of the mechanism for controlling the water for growing paddy field crops and control information for operating the mechanism for controlling the water; described later) are stored. Storage unit 18d (for example, RA
M, ROM, hard disk, etc .; FIG. 1). In addition, a timekeeping unit is provided, and control is performed according to the time information acquired from this.

The storage unit 18d stores, as the operating conditions,
Conditions for controlling seepage water (for example, starting the flow of seepage water,
Conditions for stopping, increasing or decreasing, conditions for permeated water flow rate, etc.) are stored. These conditions are respectively
It is stored as conditions of temperature (ground temperature, water temperature or temperature), water level (flooding depth), and crop growth time (or growth stage) for promoting crop growth. Control unit 18
c is the detection result of each of the above-mentioned sensors and the actual growing time of the crop to be managed are collated with the above-mentioned infiltration water control conditions,
When the detection result corresponds to the above condition, the control information for executing it is generated. More specifically, for example, in the storage unit 18d, as the conditions for increasing the infiltration, the rice field water temperature is within the first range, the submerged depth is within the first range, and the crop growth time is within the first period. When the condition that there is is stored and the detection result corresponds to the condition, the control unit 18c controls each unit so that the permeation increases, and in other cases, the permeation becomes minimum. To control each part.

The growth rate of managed crops varies depending on various conditions such as crop variety, seedling type, timing of transplanting or sowing, growth management such as fertilization, and weather conditions. Therefore, a plurality of growth time conditions are registered in the storage unit 18d for each of these conditions, and the growth time condition to be actually used is selected from these. For example, as the condition of the growth time that can control the seepage water, within 100 days from the germination date, 15
The condition that it is within 0 days and within 200 days is stored,
When the condition within 100 days is selected as the appropriate condition to be actually used, the control unit 18c determines whether or not the current time is within 100 days from the germination date of the managed crop, and 100 days are determined. If it falls within the range, it is determined that the permeated water can be controlled. It should be noted that which condition is selected can be appropriately changed according to the growing condition by an input instruction to the computer 18b.

Further, the storage unit 18d stores control information for operating a mechanism for controlling water corresponding to the above conditions, and the control unit 18c acquires this control information and stores it in the field. Transmit to device 14. More specifically, for example, for the condition to start the flow of permeated water, the control information for opening the valve of the underdrain drainage device 36 is stored, and the condition for increasing the flow of permeated water (or a larger value) is stored. For conditions of flowing at a flow rate), underdrain drainage device 36
The control information for increasing the opening area of the valve (or increasing the opening area of the valve) is stored. Then, when the detection result meets any of the conditions, the control unit 18c acquires control information according to the condition.

By storing the operating conditions and the control information according to the conditions in this way, it is possible to select a case where it is better to flow the permeated water, a case where the permeated water has no effect, and the like. Since the flow state of the permeated water suitable for each case can be realized, the growth of the cultivated crop can be promoted more efficiently.

The operating conditions and the corresponding operating amounts of the mechanism for controlling water differ according to various conditions such as the scale of the paddy field, the variety of crops, the season, and the area. Therefore, the storage unit 1
In 8d, operating conditions and corresponding control information are displayed.
A plurality of sets are stored, and one of them is selected as a control parameter used for actual control. Then, which control parameter is used for actual management can be appropriately changed by an input instruction to the computer 18b.

Next, a method of cultivating a paddy field cultivation crop using the paddy field water automatic management system 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a flowchart relating to water control in the cultivation method for paddy field crops.

The field device 14 uses the sensors (38, 40, 42) at predetermined timings (for example, at predetermined time intervals).
(44, 46, 48), the detection results are aggregated and transmitted to the management device 18. Control unit 18c of management device 18
Refers to the storage unit 18d, and determines whether or not the detection result by the sensor corresponds to the permeated water control condition (condition matching determination step S10).

When the received detection result corresponds to the permeated water control condition, the control unit 18c acquires the control information corresponding to the condition from the storage unit 18d. And this control information is transmitted to the mechanism which controls water via the field device 14, the mechanism which controls water is controlled based on this control information, and the flow of permeated water is adjusted ( Adjustment step S12). Then, every predetermined time, it is determined whether or not the step S12 is continued (flow adjustment end determination step S13). Here, as a case of ending the adjustment of the permeated water, in addition to the case where the detection result deviates from the control condition of the permeated water, for example, when the step S12 is continued for a predetermined time or more, or the control of the mechanism for controlling the water is performed. There is a case where is switched to manual control.

If necessary (for example, when the temperature of the soil 32a needs to be adjusted), the water temperature of the permeated water may be adjusted before the step S12 (the water temperature of the permeated water). Adjustment step S11). The water temperature of the permeated water can be adjusted by adjusting the water temperature of the submerged portion 20. Inundation part 20
The water temperature can be adjusted by controlling the water supply and drainage of the submerged section 20. For example, when the water temperature of the water supply channel 22 is lower than the water temperature of the water submersion section 20 and the water temperature of the permeated water (approximately equal to the ground temperature in the soil 32), the water supply device 24 is controlled to remove the water from the water submersion section 20. The water temperature of the submerged section 20 can be lowered by introducing water into the submerged section 20. And after that, in step S12, the underdrain drainage device 3
By controlling 6 to discharge the permeated water from the underdrain pipe 34, the water in the submerged part 20 whose water temperature has decreased permeates and the soil 32
Temperature drops. Further, as another example, by stopping the replacement of the rice field water for a predetermined time during the daytime on a sunny day, the temperature of the rice field water can be raised by the sunshine, thereby increasing the water temperature of the permeated water. In addition, in this process S11, the control part 18c performs control based on the detection result of each temperature sensor. That is, the control unit 18c performs the process S11 when the temperature distribution is such that the temperature cannot be adjusted.
When the desired rice field water temperature or ground temperature is obtained by the adjustment without performing the process itself, the step S11 is ended.

If the conditions for controlling the permeated water are not met in step S10, and if the conditions for ending the adjustment of the permeated water are satisfied in step S13, the control of the underdrain drainage device 36 for adjusting the permeated water is performed. The maintenance management control of the paddy water is performed (normal water control step S14). This step S1
In 4, for example, the water supply device 24 or the rice field drainage device 28 is controlled so that the water depth is maintained within a predetermined range.

In the present invention, the paddy field means that cultivated crops can be planted in the soil at the bottom of the submerged area, and the underdrain can be buried in the soil, and in the soil (root group area).
It is sufficient that the permeated water can flow toward the underdrain, and it is not limited to the paddy field having the structure shown in FIG. The paddy field crops include not only crops cultivated in a flooded state (eg rice) but also crops cultivated in a non-flooded state (eg soybean, wheat, etc.).

In the above embodiment, the water temperature of the permeated water is adjusted by water supply / drainage of the submerged section, but a separate temperature control facility may be provided to adjust the water temperature of the submerged section. Further, for example, by burying a plurality of underdrain pipes in the soil and appropriately switching between the underdrain pipes that perform drainage and the underdrain pipes that do not perform drainage, it is possible to variably control the flow direction of the permeated water or the position where the flow of permeated water occurs. It may be configured as follows.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Among the growth requirements for paddy field crops, proper control of mainly water and air in paddy soil, which has not been and has not been implemented so far, is an important requirement. Various effects such as avoiding cold damage by promoting the growth of paddy rice in cold regions, preventing oxygen deficiency due to the temperature rise of soil in warm regions, or preventing the generation of harmful gases such as methane are achieved. The yield can be stably improved. Even when cultivating wheat and soybeans in a non-flooded state, free water in the soil can be eliminated to control the water content of the soil appropriately, and free groundwater can be stored in the lower layer of the soil. By the action of raising the capillaries, the soil can be prevented from being excessively dried, and the yield can be stably improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a paddy field water automatic management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a device configuration on the paddy field side and a cross section of the paddy field of the paddy field automatic water management system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross section of the paddy field in which the underdrain is buried in the paddy field automatic water management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, as seen from a different direction from FIG.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart regarding water control in the method for cultivating a paddy field crop according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 paddy water automatic management system, 12 paddy fields, 14 field device, 16 management building, 18 management device, 18c control unit, 18d storage unit, 20 flooding unit, 22 water supply channel, 2
4 water supply equipment, 28 rice field drainage equipment, 30 drainage channels, 3
2 soil, 34 underdrain pipe, 36 underdrain drainage system, 38 ground temperature sensor, 40 inundation water temperature sensor, 42 water supply channel water temperature sensor, 44 temperature sensor, 46 inundation depth sensor, 48
Chemical sensor.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hitoshi Godai             5-1-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka City, Tokyo Japan             Wireless Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Osamu Izumida             2-7-10 Shoan, Suginami-ku, Tokyo

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. The water in the soil is brought into a state suitable for the growth of paddy field crops by controlling the underdrain drainage variable mechanism for varying the drainage state from the underdrain that discharges water in the soil of the paddy field. Automatic control system for paddy field water, which is characterized by adjusting to. 2. Further controlling the water supply mechanism for supplying water to the submerged part of the paddy field and / or the drainage mechanism for directly draining water from the submerged part so that the submerged part of the submerged part is used for growing paddy field crops. The automatic management system for paddy field water according to claim 1, wherein the system is adjusted to be in a suitable state. 3. The control of the underdrain drainage variable mechanism, the water supply mechanism, and / or the drainage mechanism is performed based on environmental conditions such as temperature, water temperature, ground temperature, and water depth of the paddy field. The automatic management system for paddy water described in 2. 4. The control of the underdrain drainage variable mechanism, the water supply mechanism, and / or the drainage mechanism is performed based on the growth state of the paddy field crops, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Paddy water automatic management system. 5. A control mechanism that controls the underdrain drainage variable mechanism, the water supply mechanism, and / or the drainage mechanism, and a storage mechanism that stores parameters related to the control of the control mechanism. Item 5. The automatic management system for paddy field water according to any one of Items 1 to 4. 6. A field device provided on the side of a paddy field, and the control mechanism, and exchange of a signal for controlling the underdrain drainage variable mechanism, the water supply mechanism, and / or the drainage mechanism with the field device. 6. The paddy water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a management device for performing the control of the underdrain drainage variable mechanism, the water supply mechanism, and / or the drainage mechanism remotely from the management device. Automatic management system. 7. By controlling the drainage from the underdrain,
A growth management method for a paddy field crop, comprising the step of adjusting the state of the paddy field soil to a state suitable for growth of the paddy field crop.