JP6794279B2 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6794279B2 JP6794279B2 JP2017009494A JP2017009494A JP6794279B2 JP 6794279 B2 JP6794279 B2 JP 6794279B2 JP 2017009494 A JP2017009494 A JP 2017009494A JP 2017009494 A JP2017009494 A JP 2017009494A JP 6794279 B2 JP6794279 B2 JP 6794279B2
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 102100036464 Activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional coactivator p15 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101000713904 Homo sapiens Activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional coactivator p15 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229910004444 SUB1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910004438 SUB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101100311330 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) uap56 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101150018444 sub2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本実施形態における表示装置DSPの構成例を示す平面図である。図中において、第1方向X及び第2方向Yは互いに交差する方向であり、第3方向Zは第1方向X及び第2方向Yと交差する方向である。一例では、第1方向X、第2方向Y、及び、第3方向Zは、互いに直交しているが、互いに90度以外の角度で交差していても良い。本明細書において、第3方向Zを示す矢印の先端に向かう方向を上方(あるいは、単に上)と称し、矢印の先端から逆に向かう方向を下方(あるいは、単に下)と称する。
図示した例では、端部E1の側から奇数番目の走査線がゲートドライバGD2に接続され、偶数番目の走査線がゲートドライバGD1に接続されているが、ゲードドライバGD1及びGD2と各走査線との接続関係は図示した例に限らない。
配線基板F1乃至F3は、第1基板SUB1の延出部EXに接続されている。
光源ユニットLUは、発光素子LS、配線基板F6などを備えている。発光素子LSは、配線基板F6に接続され、延出部EXの上に位置している。発光素子LSは、端部E5と対向する発光部EMを有している。発光部EMから出射された照明光は、後述するように、端部E5から入射し、表示パネルPNLを伝播する。
表示装置DSPは、図中に点線で示すコントローラCNTを備えている。コントローラCNTは、タイミングコントローラTC、ゲートドライバGD1及びGD2、ソースドライバSD、Vcom回路VC、光源ドライバLSDなどを含む。
タイミングコントローラTCは、外部から入力された画像データや同期信号などに基づいて各種信号を生成する。一例では、タイミングコントローラTCは、画像データに基づき、所定の信号処理を行って生成した映像信号をソースドライバSDに出力する。また、タイミングコントローラTCは、同期信号に基づいて生成した制御信号を、ゲートドライバGD1及びGD2、ソースドライバSD、Vcom回路VC、光源ドライバLSDにそれぞれ出力する。タイミングコントローラTCの詳細については後述する。
なお、図3の例では、表示領域DAの全体にわたる共通電極21を示している。しかしながら、少なくとも1つの画素PXごとに区切られた複数の共通電極21が表示領域DAに配置され、各共通電極21が共通線にそれぞれ接続され、当該共通線を介してVcom回路VCから各共通電極21にコモン電圧が供給されても良い。
図4Aは、透明状態の液晶層30を模式的に示す図である。
液晶層30は、液晶性ポリマー31及び液晶性分子32を含んでいる。液晶性ポリマー31は、例えば、液晶性モノマーが配向膜12及び22の配向規制力によって所定の方向に配向した状態で高分子化されることによって得られる。液晶性分子32は、液晶性モノマー内に分散されており、液晶性モノマーが高分子化された際に、液晶性モノマーの配向方向に依存して所定の方向に配向される。なお、配向膜12及び22は、第1方向X及び第2方向Yによって規定されるX−Y平面に沿って液晶性モノマー及び液晶性分子32を配向させる水平配向膜であっても良いし、第3方向Zに沿って液晶性モノマー及び液晶性分子32を配向させる垂直配向膜であっても良い。
上記の通り、液晶性ポリマー31の電界に対する応答性は、液晶性分子32の電界に対する応答性より低い。このため、液晶層30に上記の透明電圧より高い電圧(後述の散乱電圧)が印加された状態では、液晶性ポリマー31の配向方向がほとんど変化しないのに対して、液晶性分子32の配向方向は電界に応じて変化する。つまり、図示したように、光軸Ax1は第3方向Zとほとんど平行であるのに対して、光軸Ax2は第3方向Zに対して傾斜している。このため、光軸Ax1及びAx2は、互いに交差する。したがって、第1方向X、第2方向Y、及び、第3方向Zを含むあらゆる方向において、液晶性ポリマー31と液晶性分子32との間に大きな屈折率差が生ずる。これにより、液晶層30に入射した光L1乃至L3は、液晶層30内で散乱される。図4Bに示した状態を『散乱状態』と称する。
発光素子LSから出射された照明光L11は、端部E5から入射し、透明基板20、液晶層30、透明基板10などを伝播する。液晶層30が透明状態である場合、照明光L11は、液晶層30でほとんど散乱されないため、透明基板10の下面10B及び透明基板20の上面20Tからほとんど漏れ出すことはない。
発光素子LSから出射された照明光L21は、端部E5から入射し、透明基板20、液晶層30、透明基板10などを伝播する。図示した例では、画素電極11Aと共通電極21との間の液晶層30は透明状態であるため、照明光L21は、液晶層30でほとんど散乱されない。一方、画素電極11Bと共通電極21との間の液晶層30は散乱状態であるため、照明光L21は、画素電極11Bと重なる位置の液晶層30で散乱される。照明光L21のうち、一部の散乱光L211は上面20Tから透過され、また、一部の散乱光L212は下面10Bから透過される。
ソースドライバSDには、極性反転信号が入力される。例えば、この極性反転信号がHレベル(高レベル)の場合、ソースドライバSDは、各信号線S1〜Smに同時に正極性の信号線電圧Vsigを供給する。一方、極性反転信号がLレベル(低レベル)の場合、ソースドライバSDは、各信号線S1〜Smに同時に負極性の信号線電圧Vsigを供給する。このように、ソースドライバSDは、各信号線S1〜Smに対して同時に正極性の信号線電圧Vsig(例えばVsig−c〜16V)または負極性の信号線電圧Vsig(例えば0V〜Vsig−c)のいずれかしか供給できないため、コモン電圧Vcomは信号線電圧Vsigと反対の極性に設定されている。
但し、高耐圧のソースドライバSDを用いる場合には、コモン電圧Vcomを例えば0Vに固定しても良い。例えば耐圧が32VのソースドライバSDを用いる場合、ソースドライバSDは、極性反転信号がHレベルの場合に0〜16Vの信号線電圧Vsigを供給し、極性反転信号がLレベルの場合に0V〜−16Vの信号線電圧Vsigを供給しても良い。
本実施形態では、画素電極11と共通電極21との間の電圧を例えば階調の下限値よりも小さくする透明走査(後述する第1期間T1における走査)を画像表示のシーケンスに取り入れることで、表示パネルPNLの背景の視認性を向上させる。
以上、1ライン反転駆動を例に透明走査を説明したが、2ライン以上のライン反転駆動やフレーム反転駆動にも同様の透明走査を適用できる。
1フレームの開始時に、垂直同期信号Vsyncが立ち下がる。すなわち、図12の例では、垂直同期信号Vsyncが立ち下がってから、再び立ち下がるまでの時間がフレーム期間Fに相当する。例えば60Hzで表示装置DSPを駆動する場合、フレーム期間Fは約16.7msである。
第1期間T1において各信号線S1〜Smに供給する信号線電圧Vsigは、各画素PXに書き込まれる電圧が透明電圧となる値であれば、コモン電圧Vcomと同じである必要はない。透明走査におけるコモン電圧Vcomと信号線電圧Vsigについては、図9及び図10を用いて説明した種々の態様を適用し得る。
なお、透明走査においては、全ての走査線Gに対して走査信号を同時に供給しても良い。この場合であっても、各画素PXに透明電圧を書き込むことができる。
また、本実施形態の構成であれば、表示装置DSPを低耐圧のソースドライバSDを用いて駆動することができる。この効果につき、図6を参照して説明する。
コモン電圧Vcomを直流電圧とし、当該コモン電圧Vcomを中心に信号線電圧Vsigのみ極性反転させる比較例を想定する。この場合、信号線電圧Vsigをコモン電圧Vcomと同じ電圧にすることで、通常の表示走査においても各画素PXに0Vの電圧を書き込むことができる。但しこの比較例において、図6の散乱電圧を階調表現に用いるためには、信号線電圧Vsigは、コモン電圧Vcomに対して−16V〜+16Vの範囲で可変でなければならない。すなわち、ソースドライバSD等の回路が32Vの耐圧を有する必要がある。
以上の他にも、本実施形態からは種々の好適な効果を得ることができる。
第2実施形態においては、主に第1実施形態との相違点に着目し、第1実施形態と同一の構成については説明を省略する。
図15は、本実施形態に係る表示装置DSPの主要な構成要素を示す図である。
この図に示す表示装置DSPは、コントローラCNTがレベル変換回路(L/S回路)LSC及びVcom引き込み回路LICを備える点で、図3に示した構成と相違する。
なお、配線LN2に供給される制御信号により各スイッチング素子SW1〜SWmがオンされ、コモン電圧Vcomが各信号線S1〜Smに供給される期間において、ソースドライバSDは、各信号線S1〜Smへの出力をハイインピーダンスに制御する。
上記各実施形態において、液晶性分子32が負の誘電率異方性を有するネガ型である場合、各信号線S1〜Smに供給される信号線電圧Vsigを所定電圧以下とすることで、液晶層30の拡散度を向上させるとともに透明度を減少させることができる。
但し、第1色、第2色、第3色は、それぞれ赤色、緑色、青色に限られない。また、光源ユニットLUは、2種類以下の色の発光素子LSを備えても良いし、4種類以上の色の発光素子LSを備えても良い。発光素子LSの種類数(色数)に応じて、ラインメモリ、サブフレームデータ、サブフレーム期間の数を増減させれば良い。
図11に示したラインメモリ52R,52G,52Bは、省略することも可能である。この場合においては、フレームメモリ51からデータ変換部53に各色に対応するサブフレームデータが順次出力される構成を採用すれば良い。
Claims (7)
- 複数の画素と、共通電極と、前記画素ごとに設けられた複数の画素電極と、高分子分散液晶を含む液晶層と、を含む表示パネルと、
前記表示パネルに光を照射する光源と、
前記共通電極および前記複数の画素電極に対して、基準電圧より高い正極性の電圧と、前記基準電圧より低い負極性の電圧とを供給可能なコントローラと、
を備え、
前記液晶層は、前記共通電極と前記画素電極との間に散乱電圧が印加された場合に前記光源からの光を散乱し、前記共通電極と前記画素電極との間に前記散乱電圧よりも小さい透明電圧が印加された場合に前記光源からの光を透過し、
前記コントローラは、第1期間において前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間に前記透明電圧をそれぞれ印加し、第2期間において前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間に画像データに応じた電圧をそれぞれ印加し、
前記第1期間および前記第2期間の各々において、前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極には同相で一定期間ごとに極性が反転する電圧が供給され、
前記第1期間においては、前記共通電極に供給される電圧の極性と前記複数の画素電極に供給される電圧の極性とが一致し、前記共通電極に供給される電圧の振幅と前記複数の画素電極に供給される電圧の振幅とが一致し、且つ前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間の前記透明電圧が所定電圧未満であり、
前記第2期間においては、前記共通電極に供給される電圧の極性と前記複数の画素電極に供給される電圧の極性とが異なり、前記共通電極に供給される電圧の振幅と前記複数の画素電極に供給される階調の最大値に相当する電圧の振幅とが一致し、且つ前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間の電圧が前記所定電圧以上である、
表示装置。 - 前記コントローラは、前記第1期間において前記光源を消灯し、前記第2期間において前記光源を点灯する、
請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 1つの前記画像データに応じた画像を表示するフレーム期間が、少なくとも1つの前記第1期間を含む、
請求項1又は2に記載の表示装置。 - 前記光源は、第1色の光を放つ第1発光素子と、第2色の光を放つ第2発光素子とを含み、
前記画像データは、前記第1色の画像を表す第1サブフレームデータと、前記第2色の画像を表す第2サブフレームデータとを含み、
前記第2期間は、第1サブフレーム期間と、第2サブフレーム期間とを含み、
前記コントローラは、
前記第1サブフレーム期間において、前記第1発光素子を点灯させるとともに、前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間に前記第1サブフレームデータに応じた電圧をそれぞれ印加し、
前記第2サブフレーム期間において、前記第2発光素子を点灯させるとともに、前記共通電極と前記複数の画素電極との間に前記第2サブフレームデータに応じた電圧をそれぞれ印加する、
請求項3に記載の表示装置。 - 前記フレーム期間において、前記第1期間の後に前記第1サブフレーム期間および前記第2サブフレーム期間が続く、
請求項4に記載の表示装置。 - 前記フレーム期間において、前記第1サブフレーム期間と前記第2サブフレーム期間との間に前記第1期間がある、
請求項4に記載の表示装置。 - 前記表示パネルは、前記複数の画素の各々に設けられた複数のスイッチング素子と、前記複数のスイッチング素子を走査する複数の走査線と、前記複数の走査線と交差し前記スイッチング素子を介して前記画素電極に接続された複数の信号線と、を含み、
前記コントローラは、前記第2期間において、前記複数の走査線に走査信号を順次供給し、少なくとも1つの前記走査線に走査信号を供給する度に、前記共通電極の電圧および前記複数の信号線に供給する電圧の極性を反転する、
請求項1乃至6のうちいずれか1項に記載の表示装置。
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KR20160047078A (ko) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-02 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 패널 및 이를 포함하는 표시 장치 |
EP3029519B1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2018-03-07 | LG Display Co., Ltd. | Light controlling apparatus and method of fabricating the same |
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