JP6771471B2 - アルカリ蓄電池用の水酸化ニッケル正極 - Google Patents
アルカリ蓄電池用の水酸化ニッケル正極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6771471B2 JP6771471B2 JP2017541289A JP2017541289A JP6771471B2 JP 6771471 B2 JP6771471 B2 JP 6771471B2 JP 2017541289 A JP2017541289 A JP 2017541289A JP 2017541289 A JP2017541289 A JP 2017541289A JP 6771471 B2 JP6771471 B2 JP 6771471B2
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- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 98
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 210
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910019678 (Ni, Co)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019676 (Ni,Co,Al)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019682 (Ni,Co,Zn,Al)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910016976 Ni0.85Co0.05Al0.10(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017381 Ni0.94Co0.06(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019718 (Ni,Co,Zn)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017065 Ni0.69Co0.05Zn0.06Al0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
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- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 101100118004 Arabidopsis thaliana EBP1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- 102100025580 Calmodulin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
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- 101001077352 Homo sapiens Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZRUWFKRETRELPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;nickel(2+) Chemical compound N.[Ni+2] ZRUWFKRETRELPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
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- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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Description
本発明は、エネルギー高等研究計画局(Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy)により認められたDE-AR0000386の下での政府支援でなされた。政府は、本発明において所定の権利を有する。
ニッケル金属水素化物(NiMH)電池(セル)は、水素の可逆的電気化学的貯蔵が可能な負電極(アノード)を使用する。NiMHセルは、通常では、水酸化ニッケル活物質を含む正極(カソード)を使用する。負極と正極とは、水性アルカリ電解質中で個別に隔てられている。セルを横切って電位が印加される際に、電解質からの水素イオンが電子と結合し、かつ水素貯蔵合金のバルク内に拡散して金属水素化物を形成する。放電の際に、貯蔵された水素は、金属水素化物からプロトンおよび電子として放出される。水は、電解質中でプロトンとヒドロキシルイオンから再形成される。
意外にも、所定の水酸化ニッケルカソード活物質は、可逆的な電気化学的条件下で、Ni原子1つ当たり>1.3の電子を移動可能であることが見出された。本水酸化ニッケル活物質の比容量は、例えば≧325mAh/gである。本発明のカソード活物質は、MHアノードに対して0.8V付近の付加的放電プラトーを示す。
正極の活物質は、電気化学セルの充放電反応に参加する。活物質は、一般に変性された水酸化ニッケルである。変性された水酸化ニッケルは、例えば米国特許第6,228,535号に教示されたような、Co、Cd、Ag、V、Sb、Ca、Mg、Al、Bi、Cr、Cu、Fe、In、希土類、Mn、Ru、Sn、Ti、Ba、Si、SrおよびZnからなる群から選択される1つ以上の変性剤を含んでよい。本開示において、「カソード活物質」、「水酸化ニッケル活物質」、「水酸化ニッケル材料」、「活物質」、「材料」等の用語は、交換可能であり、かつ全て変性された水酸化ニッケルに関する。変性された水酸化ニッケル中で、ニッケルは、一般に、組み合わせた他の材料以上の原子パーセントで存在する。本発明のカソード活物質は、例えば、変性剤およびその量の適切な選択によって達成される。本活物質は、製造プロセス条件および方法の適切な選択によって達成されてもよい。本活物質は、添加剤、結合剤、または電極の他の加工条件の適切な選択によって達成されてよい。更なる加工条件は、電極製造条件、例えばアニーリング、無電解メッキ、物理蒸着による表面被覆、湿式化学的浸漬による表面被覆、放射、およびまた電気化学的加工条件を含む。本活物質は、上記条件、変性剤、添加剤、プロセスなどの所定の組合せによって達成されてよい。
次のカソード活物質(CAM)を、米国特許第6,228,535号に教示されたような連続式撹拌槽反応器中で製造する。
対照 Ni0.91Co0.045Zn0.045(OH)2
CAM1 Ni0.94Co0.06(OH)2
CAM2 Ni0.85Co0.05Al0.10(OH)2
CAM3 Ni0.69Co0.05Zn0.06Al0.20(OH)2
Claims (17)
- 活物質は、 + 2より低いNiの酸化状態でα−Ni(OH) 2 に到達可能であり、Ni原子1つ当たり>1.67の電子を移動可能である、再充電可能なアルカリ電気化学セルで使用するための水酸化ニッケルカソード活物質。
- 活物質の比容量は、≧330mAh/gである、再充電可能なアルカリ電気化学セルで使用するための、請求項1に記載の水酸化ニッケルカソード活物質。
- Niは、再充電可能なアルカリセルの充放電サイクルの間に、 + 1より低い酸化状態に達する、再充電可能なアルカリ電気化学セルで使用するための、請求項1に記載の水酸化ニッケルカソード活物質。
- 再充電可能なアルカリセルの充放電サイクルの間に、金属水素化物アノードに対して0.8V付近の放電プラトーを示す、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質。
- 1.2V付近の放電プラトー、および>1.2Vでかつ<1.3Vでの放電プラトーも示す、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質。
- Al、Ba、Bi、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、F、Fe、In、K、La、Li、Mg、Mn、Na、Nd、Pb、Pr、Ru、Sb、Sc、Se、Sn、Sr、Te、Ti、YおよびZnからなる群から選択される1つ以上の変性剤を含む、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質。
- Co、ZnおよびAlからなる群から選択される1つ以上の変性剤を含む、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質。
- (Ni,Co,Zn)(OH)2、(Ni,Co)(OH)2、(Ni,Co,Al)(OH)2および(Ni,Co,Zn,Al)(OH)2からなる群から選択される、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質。
- (Ni,Co)(OH)2の水酸化ニッケルからなる群から選択され、NiとCoとを合わせた合計100原子%を基準として、Niは、89原子パーセント(原子%)〜99原子%存在し、かつCoは、1原子%〜11原子%存在する、請求項8記載のカソード活物質。
- (Ni,Co,Al)(OH)2の水酸化ニッケルからなる群から選択され、Ni、CoおよびAlを合わせた合計100原子%を基準として、Niは、80原子%〜90原子%存在し、かつCoおよびAlは一緒に、10〜20原子%存在する、請求項8記載のカソード活物質。
- Co対Alの原子比は、1:1〜1:5である、請求項10記載のカソード活物質。
- (Ni,Co,Zn,Al)(OH)2の水酸化ニッケルからなる群から選択され、Ni、Co、ZnおよびAlを合わせた合計100原子%を基準として、Niは、64〜74原子%存在し、かつCo、ZnおよびAlは一緒に、26〜36原子%存在する、請求項8記載のカソード活物質。
- Co対Alの原子比は、1:1〜1:5である、請求項12記載のカソード活物質。
- Co対Znの原子比は、1:2〜2:1である、請求項12記載のカソード活物質。
- Zn対Alの原子比は、1:1〜1:5である、請求項12記載のカソード活物質。
- Ni0.94Co0.06(OH)2、Ni0.85Co0.05Al0.10(OH)2およびNi0.69Co0.05Zn0.06Al0.2(OH)2からなる群から選択される、請求項8記載のカソード活物質。
- 正極が、請求項1から3までのいずれか記載のカソード活物質、導電性基材、ならびに任意に、結合剤および添加剤から選択される1つ以上の成分を含む、再充電可能なアルカリ電気化学セルで使用するための正極。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/614,838 US9899676B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable battery |
US14/614,753 | 2015-02-05 | ||
US14/614,753 US9935315B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable battery |
US14/614,838 | 2015-02-05 | ||
PCT/US2016/016041 WO2016126622A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-02-02 | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable battery |
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KR20200133347A (ko) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-11-27 | 가부시끼가이샤 다나까 가가꾸 겡뀨쇼 | 양극용 화합물 |
CN111342136A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-26 | 河南创力新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种铁镍电池添加剂及基于该添加剂的长寿命铁镍电池 |
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US6042753A (en) * | 1996-10-06 | 2000-03-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Active materials for the positive electrode in alkaline storage batteries |
US6086843A (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2000-07-11 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Structurally modified nickel hydroxide material and method for making same |
US6177213B1 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2001-01-23 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Composite positive electrode material and method for making same |
US6228535B1 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2001-05-08 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode material exhibiting improved conductivity and engineered activation energy |
JP4556315B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-06 | 2010-10-06 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | アルカリ蓄電池 |
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JP5218900B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-29 | 2013-06-26 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | アルカリ蓄電池 |
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