JP6770524B2 - コクリエート、及び薬理活性物質の組織透過性を高めるためにそれを使用する方法 - Google Patents
コクリエート、及び薬理活性物質の組織透過性を高めるためにそれを使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6770524B2 JP6770524B2 JP2017546149A JP2017546149A JP6770524B2 JP 6770524 B2 JP6770524 B2 JP 6770524B2 JP 2017546149 A JP2017546149 A JP 2017546149A JP 2017546149 A JP2017546149 A JP 2017546149A JP 6770524 B2 JP6770524 B2 JP 6770524B2
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- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2015年3月3日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/127,799号、2015年3月15日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/162,425号、2015年5月18日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/163,212号、2015年10月9日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/239,675号、2015年10月28日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/247,641号及び2015年12月7日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/264,164号の利益を主張し、その出願日に依拠し、その開示全体が引用することにより本明細書の一部をなすものとする。
本出願は、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出された配列表を含み、その全体が引用することにより本明細書の一部をなすものとする。2016年3月3日付けで作製された上記ASCIIコピーの名前は0200.0002−PCT_SL.txtであり、993バイトのサイズである。
サイズ調整剤は、本明細書で使用される場合、コクリエートの粒子サイズを低減する作用物質を指す。本明細書で使用される場合、「粒子サイズ」という用語は粒径を指すか、又は粒子が球状でない場合、粒子の一方向の最大伸長を指す。コクリエートの粒子サイズは、サブミクロン粒子サイズ分析装置等の従来の方法を用いて測定することができる。
コクリエートは、米国特許第5,994,318号及び同第6,153,217号(これらの開示全体が引用することにより本明細書の一部をなすものとする)に記載のものを含むが、これらに限定されない既知の方法を用いて作製することができる。一実施形態では、この方法は概して、薬理活性物質と脂質(好ましくは、ホスファチジルセリン等の負に帯電したリン脂質)とを溶媒の存在下で合わせることと、水溶液を添加してリポソームを形成することと、多価カチオンを用いて沈殿させてコクリエートを形成することとを含む。別の実施形態では、この方法は概して、薬理活性物質がリポソームと会合するように薬理活性物質とリポソームとを溶媒の存在下で合わせることと、多価カチオンを用いて沈殿させて薬理活性物質含有コクリエートを形成することとを含む。
コクリエートを薬理活性物質と会合させるか、又はコクリエートに薬理活性物質を装填するのが好ましい。例えば、薬理活性物質は以下の種類の1つから選択することができる:抗真菌薬、β−ラクタマーゼ阻害剤を含むが、これに限定されない抗菌薬、抗ウイルス薬、駆虫薬、抗原虫薬又は抗蠕虫薬、ワクチン、抗炎症剤、siRNA、iRNAを含むが、これらに限定されないポリヌクレオチド、アンチセンス療法用ポリヌクレオチド(RNA又はDNA、一本鎖又は二本鎖)又は遺伝子療法用ポリヌクレオチド(組み込みDNA又はDNAプラスミド)、免疫療法薬、抗癌剤(抗新生物剤を含む)、抗脂質異常症剤、抗認知症剤、栄養補給剤、ハーブ製品又はビタミン。
本明細書に記載のコクリエートは、医薬組成物として調製することができる。本明細書に開示される医薬組成物の好適な調製形態としては、例えば錠剤、カプセル、軟カプセル、顆粒、粉末、懸濁液、エマルション、マイクロエマルション、ナノエマルション、単位投薬形態、リング、フィルム、坐剤、溶液、クリーム、シロップ、経皮パッチ、軟膏及びゲルが挙げられる。
本明細書に開示されるコクリエートを含む医薬組成物は、その意図する投与経路に適合するように配合される。投与を達成する方法は当業者に既知である。この方法としては、例えば静脈内、血管内、動脈内、皮下、筋肉内、腹腔内、脳室内、硬膜外(intraepidural)等の非経口経路による注射、及び経口、経鼻、眼、直腸又は局所経路が挙げられる。
本明細書に記載のコクリエートは、薬理活性物質で治療することができる障害のリスクがある(又は障害に罹りやすい)又は障害を有する被験体を治療する方法に使用することができる。薬学活性物質から利益を得る任意の治療適応症(therapeutic indication:治療指標)を、本明細書に記載のコクリエートを用いて治療することができる。治療適応症としては、細菌、真菌、ウイルス若しくは寄生虫の感染、自己免疫状態若しくは他の病態と関連する炎症、外傷の回復、又は癌及び腫瘍性病態の寛解が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
siRNAを脂質アンカーに共有結合した。siRNAは、各3’末端に2つのヌクレオチドオーバーハングを有する21ヌクレオチドの二本鎖RNA分子とした。siRNAは高感度緑色蛍光タンパク質(EGFP)に特異的である。センス鎖は配列ACCCUGAAGUUCAUCUGCACC(配列番号1)を有し、アンチセンス鎖は配列ACUGGGACUUCAAGUAGACGU(配列番号2)を有する。siRNAを、S18を含む若しくは含まないパルミチン酸塩、S18を含む若しくは含まないコレステロール、S18を含む若しくは含まないビタミンE(ラセミ体)、又はS18を含む若しくは含まないビタミンEL(ビタミンEのL−異性体)を含む様々な脂質アンカーに共有結合した。S18は、以下の式を有する原子数18のヘキサ−エチレングリコールスペーサーである:
アムホテリシンBを含有するコクリエート(CAmB)及び種々の量のデオキシコール酸塩を調製した。最終生成物中に0.45mg/mlのデオキシコール酸塩を含有するCAmBを調製するために、0.5mlの50mM NaOH溶液中の20mgのアムホテリシンBを、10mlの50mMリン酸緩衝液中の100mgの50%ダイズホスファチジルセリンリポソーム(ダイズPSリポソームを5μm、0.8μm及び0.45μmのフィルターに通して濾過した)と合わせて、アムホテリシンBを含有するリポソームを形成した。1.2μlのアルコール中の120μgのビタミンEを、AmBリポソームに添加した。次いで、アムホテリシンBコクリエート結晶の粒子サイズを小さくするために、83μlの滅菌水中の5.0mgのデオキシコール酸塩をアムホテリシンBリポソームの混合物に添加した。次いで、得られた混合物に0.378mlの1M塩化カルシウム溶液を激しく混合しながら添加して、アムホテリシンBコクリエートを形成した。コクリエート中の脂質とアムホテリシンBとの比率は5:1であり、最終生成物中に0.45mg/mlのデオキシコール酸塩を含有していた。
アミカシンコクリエートを調製するために、0.2mlの滅菌水中の2mgのアミカシンを0.22μmフィルターに通して濾過し、2.0mlの滅菌水中の20mgの50%ダイズPSリポソーム(ダイズPSリポソーム懸濁液を初めに5μm、0.8μm及び0.45μmのフィルターに通して濾過した)と合わせ、アミカシンを含有するリポソームを形成した。デオキシコール酸塩を、下記表に示すようにコクリエートを作製するプロセス中の種々の時点:アミカシンの添加前、カルシウムの添加前、カルシウムの添加後又は各工程で添加した。次いで、得られた混合物に0.159mlの0.1M塩化カルシウムを激しく混合しながら添加して、アミカシンコクリエートを形成した。アミカシンを含有しない対照コクリエート(プラシーボ)も調製し、デオキシコール酸塩をカルシウムの前に添加した。アミカシンを含み、デオキシコール酸塩を含まない、又はアミカシン及びデオキシコール酸塩を含まない他の対照コクリエートを調製した。コクリエートの粒子サイズを、サブミクロン粒子サイズ分析装置を用いて測定した。
アムホテリシンBデオキシコール酸塩(DAmB)は、その広範な活性及び限られた耐性のために抗真菌薬治療において「黄金律」とみなされている。しかしながら、DAmb及びその誘導体の使用は大きな毒性及び静脈内投与により制限されている。CAmBは、関連毒性のない感染組織へのアムホテリシンB(AmB)の標的化経口送達のために設計された脂質結晶ナノ粒子配合物である。
健常なSprague−Dawleyラット及びイヌにおけるアムホテリシンBコクリエートの毒性研究を、15mg/kgを含む様々な用量で28日間行った。28日目にこれらのラット及びイヌの組織内レベル(肺、腎臓、肝臓)、血漿中レベル及び尿中レベルを決定し、実施例4において14日間アムホテリシンBコクリエートで治療したマウスと比較した。
アトバコン(ATQ)は、ニューモシスチス肺炎(PCP)及びトキソプラズマ症の予防及び治療のための代替薬である。小分子アトバコンは低い患者忍容性、可飽和吸収及び非線形薬物動態という臨床的な制限を受ける。ATQコクリエートを調製し、ニューモシスチス・ムリナを感染させた免疫不全マウスにおけるコクリエート化ATQの生体内分布、薬物動態(PK)及び有効性を研究した。
Claims (12)
- コクリエート組成物であって、少なくとも1つの負に帯電したリン脂質と、多価カチオンと、サイズ調整剤とを含む複数のコクリエートを含む、コクリエート組成物であり、
前記サイズ調整剤が脂質アンカーポリヌクレオチドであり、
前記脂質アンカーポリヌクレオチドが、炭素原子数12〜28の飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸、ステロール、及びビタミンから選択される脂質アンカーに共有結合したポリヌクレオチドであり;かつ
前記脂質アンカーが、共有結合によって前記ポリヌクレオチドに直接連結する、又は直鎖分子を含む共有結合スペーサーによって前記ポリヌクレオチドに間接的に連結する、
コクリエート組成物。 - 前記複数のコクリエートの平均粒子サイズが10ミクロン未満である、請求項1に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記複数のコクリエートの平均粒子サイズが1ミクロン未満である、請求項2に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記複数のコクリエートの平均粒子サイズが400nm〜800nmである、請求項3に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記複数のコクリエートの平均粒子サイズが、前記サイズ調整剤を用いずに作製したコクリエートの平均粒子サイズの2分の1〜3分の1である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチドがsiRNA、iRNA、アンチセンス療法又は遺伝子療法用ポリヌクレオチドからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記多価カチオンがカルシウム、亜鉛、マグネシウム又はバリウム等の二価金属カチオンである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記二価金属カチオンがカルシウムである、請求項7に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの負に帯電したリン脂質が、前記コクリエート組成物の全リン脂質含量の約20%〜80%、或いは30%〜70%、或いは40%〜60%、或いは45%〜55%の量で存在する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 治療を必要とする被験体を治療するための、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記共有結合スペーサーが、ポリカーボン、又はポリエチレングリコール鎖を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のコクリエート組成物。
- 前記共有結合スペーサーが、ポリエチレングリコール鎖を含む、請求項11に記載のコクリエート組成物。
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