JP6743286B2 - 光電変換素子及び光電変換素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換素子及び光電変換素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 203
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QUZPNFFHZPRKJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N germane Chemical compound [GeH4] QUZPNFFHZPRKJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052986 germanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本実施形態に係る光電変換素子100の表面側(入射面側)を示す平面図である。図2は、本実施形態に係る光電変換素子100の裏面側を示す平面図である。図3は、図1におけるIII-III線の断面を示す断面図である。
以下、本実施形態に係る光電変換素子100の製造方法について、図3から図9を用いて説明する。図3から図8は、図1のIII‐III線における断面を示す断面図である。
まず図4に示すように、半導体基板10を準備する。半導体基板10としては、例えば、単結晶シリコン基板、多結晶シリコン基板などのシリコン基板を用いることができる。結晶基板内のキャリア寿命の長さから単結晶シリコン基板が好ましい。シリコン基板としては、n型シリコン基板とp型シリコン基板を用いることが出来る。とりわけ結晶基板内のキャリア寿命の長さから、n型単結晶シリコン基板を用いることが好ましい。即ち、p型単結晶シリコンにおいては、光照射によってp型ドーパントであるB(ホウ素)が影響して再結合中心となるLID(Light Induced Degradation)が起こる場合があるが、半導体基板10としてn型単結晶シリコン基板を用いることにより、LIDの発生を抑制することができる。本実施形態においては、半導体基板10としてn型単結晶シリコン基板を用いる。
次に、図5に示すように、半導体基板10の第1の主面側、即ち裏面側に、n型半導体部20を形成する。
また、図5に示すように、半導体基板10の第2の主面側、即ち表面側に、p型半導体部30を形成する。なお、このp型半導体部30形成ステップは、上述したn型半導体部20形成ステップの前に行ってもよく、n型半導体部20形成ステップの後に行ってもよい。
次に、図6に示すように、スパッタ法や、MOCVD法等によって、n型半導体部20の第1の主面側に第1の透明電極層22を形成し、p型半導体部30の第2の主面側に第2の透明電極層32を形成する。第1の透明電極層22形成ステップは、n型半導体部20形成ステップより後であればよく、p型半導体部30形成ステップより前であってもよい。また、第2の透明電極層32形成ステップは、p型半導体部30形成ステップより後であればよく、n型半導体部20形成ステップより前であってもよい。
次に、図7に示すように、第1の透明電極層22の第1の主面側におけるバスバー電極82の形成領域にn側下地導電層40形成し、第2の透明電極層32の第2の主面側におけるバスバー電極80の形成領域にp側下地導電層50を形成する。n側下地導電層40、p側下地導電層50は、後述する第1のめっき層60、第2のめっき層70形成工程において、導電性の下地層として機能する層であり、第1のめっき層60、第2のめっき層70を析出させる電極となる層である。
次に、図8に示すように、第1の透明電極層22の第1の主面側に第1の絶縁層24を形成し、第2の透明電極層32の第2の主面側に第2の絶縁層34を形成する。第1の絶縁層24形成ステップは、n側下地導電層40形成ステップの後に行えばよく、p型半導体部30形成ステップの前に行ってもよい。第2の絶縁層34形成ステップは、p側下地導電層50形成ステップの後に行えばよく、n型半導体部20形成ステップの前に行ってもよい。
次に、図3に示すように、n側下地導電層40の第1の主面側に第1のめっき層60を形成し、p側下地導電層50の第2の主面側に第2のめっき層70を形成する。第1のめっき層60、第2のめっき層70形成ステップは、n側下地導電層40、p側下地導電層50形成ステップの後に行う。
Claims (12)
- n型半導体部と、前記n型半導体部と共にダイオードを構成するp型半導体部と、を有する半導体基板を準備する工程と、
前記n型半導体部の少なくとも一部にバスバー電極を構成するn側下地導電層を形成する工程と、
前記p型半導体部の少なくとも一部にバスバー電極を構成するp側下地導電層を形成する工程と、
前記n側下地導電層と前記p側下地導電層とをめっき液に浸漬し、前記n側下地導電層と前記p側下地導電層とが、前記ダイオードのみによって電気的に接続された状態で、前記n側下地導電層を給電することにより、前記n側下地導電層の少なくとも一部と、前記p側下地導電層の少なくとも一部と、にめっき層を形成する工程と、
を含む、光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記光電変換素子が、第1の主面と、前記第1の主面に対向する第2の主面と、を有し、
前記n型半導体部が、前記半導体基板の前記第1の主面側に設けられ、
前記p型半導体部が、前記半導体基板の前記第2の主面側に設けられ、
前記n側下地導電層を形成する工程において、前記n型半導体部の前記第1の主面側に前記n側下地導電層を形成し、
前記p側下地導電層を形成する工程において、前記p型半導体部の前記第2の主面側に前記p側下地導電層を形成し、
前記めっき層を形成する工程において、前記n側下地導電層の前記第1の主面側と前記p側下地導電層の前記第2の主面側に、前記めっき層を形成する、
請求項1に記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記n型半導体部と、前記p型半導体部とが、前記半導体基板の同一主面側に設けられた、
請求項1に記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記n側下地導電層を形成する工程において、透明電極層を用いて前記n側下地導電層を形成する、
請求項1に記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記p側下地導電層を形成する工程において、透明電極層を用いて前記p側下地導電層を形成する、
請求項1に記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記p側下地導電層を形成する工程において、前記p側下地導電層の膜厚を前記n側下地導電層の膜厚よりも厚く形成する、又は
前記n側下地導電層を形成する工程において、前記n側下地導電層の膜厚を前記p側下地導電層の膜厚よりも薄く形成する、
請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記めっき層を形成する工程において、前記n側下地導電層に形成される前記めっき層の膜厚を、前記p側下地導電層に形成される前記めっき層の膜厚よりも厚く形成する、
請求項1乃至6のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記半導体基板を準備する工程において、前記n型半導体部と前記p型半導体部との間に真性半導体部を有する半導体基板を準備し、
前記p型半導体部、前記真性半導体部、及び前記n型半導体部が、PIN接合ダイオードを構成する、
請求項1乃至7のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記n側下地導電層を形成する工程の前に、前記n型半導体部に第1の透明電極層を形成する工程を含む、
請求項1乃至3、請求項6乃至8のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記p側下地導電層を形成する工程の前に、前記p型半導体部に第2の透明電極層を形成する工程を含む、
請求項1乃至3、請求項6乃至9のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記n側下地導電層を形成する工程の後に、前記n型半導体部に第1の絶縁層を形成する工程を含む、
請求項1乃至10のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記p側下地導電層を形成する工程の後に、前記p型半導体部に第2の絶縁層を形成する工程を含む、
請求項1乃至11のいずれか一つに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。
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