JP6720086B2 - 炭化水素の脱水素化のための改良された触媒 - Google Patents
炭化水素の脱水素化のための改良された触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6720086B2 JP6720086B2 JP2016567186A JP2016567186A JP6720086B2 JP 6720086 B2 JP6720086 B2 JP 6720086B2 JP 2016567186 A JP2016567186 A JP 2016567186A JP 2016567186 A JP2016567186 A JP 2016567186A JP 6720086 B2 JP6720086 B2 JP 6720086B2
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 136
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
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- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].[K+] FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093956 potassium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940093932 potassium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BQFYGYJPBUKISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [K+].[O-][V](=O)=O BQFYGYJPBUKISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%、好ましくは60から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物;
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%、好ましくは5から25質量%、特に好ましくは10から20質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物;
CeO2として算出して、11から24質量%、好ましくは12.5から22質量%、特に好ましくは15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物;
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは0.1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物;
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは0.1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、
0から30質量%、好ましくは0.0001から10質量%の少なくとも1種のさらなる成分
を含む、脱水素化触媒を提供する。
Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%、好ましくは60から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物;
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%、好ましくは5から25質量%、特に好ましくは10から20質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物;
CeO2として算出して、11から24質量%、好ましくは12.5から22質量%、特に好ましくは15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物;
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物;
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、
いずれの場合も最も高い酸化状態にある酸化物として算出して、0.0001から10質量%、好ましくは0.001から5質量%の、モリブデン(Mo)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)およびタングステン(W)からなる群から選択される金属を包含する化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物
を含む、以上に記載されているような脱水素化触媒を提供する。
Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%、好ましくは60から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物;
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%、好ましくは5から25質量%、特に好ましくは10から20質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物;
CeO2として算出して、11から24質量%、好ましくは12.5から22質量%、特に好ましくは15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物;
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物;
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物;
MoO3として算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは0.1から5質量%、特に1から4質量%の少なくとも1種のモリブデン化合物、
TiO2として算出して、1から1000ppm、好ましくは10から500ppm、好ましくは30から500ppm、特に50から220ppmの少なくとも1種のチタン化合物
を含む、以上に記載されているような脱水素化触媒を提供する。
Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%、好ましくは60から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物;
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%、好ましくは5から25質量%、特に好ましくは10から20質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物;
CeO2として算出して、11から24質量%、好ましくは12.5から22質量%、特に好ましくは15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物;
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物;
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物;
MoO3として算出して、0.1から10質量%、好ましくは0.1から5質量%、特に1から4質量%の少なくとも1種のモリブデン化合物;
TiO2として算出して、1から1000ppm、好ましくは10から500質量%、好ましくは30から500ppm、特に50から220ppmの少なくとも1種のチタン化合物;
V2O5として算出して、0から10質量%、特に好ましくは1から5質量%の少なくとも1種のバナジウム化合物ならびに
いずれの場合も最も高い酸化状態にある酸化物として算出して、1から10000ppm、好ましくは10から5000ppm、特に10から3000ppmの、ランタン化合物、プラセオジム化合物、ネオジム化合物、ニッケル化合物、銅化合物、亜鉛化合物およびケイ素化合物の中から選択される少なくとも1種のさらなる成分
を含む。
i)少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、完成された触媒に対して、CeO2として算出して、11から24質量%、好ましくは12.5から22質量%、特に好ましくは15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物;任意にさらなる金属化合物、任意にさらなる成分および任意に少なくとも1種の結合剤を溶媒と混合することにより、触媒予備混合物(触媒プレミックス)を生成する工程;
ii)工程i)で得られた触媒予備混合物から成形触媒体を生成する工程;
iii)成形触媒体を乾燥し成形触媒体をか焼する工程
を含む、方法を提供する。
(比較例)
触媒K1からK3の生成
使用した成分は、酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3、ヘマタイト)、炭酸カリウム(K2CO3)、炭酸セリウム(Ce2CO3)、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、酸化モリブデン(MoO3)、水酸化カルシウム(Ca(OH)2)および二酸化チタン(TiO2)であった。
12.0質量%のK2O、
5.0質量%のCeO2、
2.1質量%のMgO、
2.0質量%のCaO、
2.4質量%のMoO3、
200ppmのTiO2
残部 Fe2O3(76.48質量%)
触媒K4からK8の生成
CeO2含量を変化させて(12.5質量%、15.0質量%、17.5質量%、20.0質量%、25.0質量%)、さらなる触媒(触媒K4からK8)を、比較例1に記載されているように生成した。CeO2含量の変化は、Fe2O3含量を変更することによって補った。
触媒K1からK8の特性決定
結晶学的相組成、例えば、K/Fe混合酸化物相の含量および二酸化セリウム結晶子サイズは、以下の方法を使用して、X線回折測定値によって決定した。
水蒸気/エチルベンゼン比が1.25kg/kgでのエチルベンゼンからスチレンへの脱水素化
実施例1から8由来の触媒K1からK3およびK4からK8を、水蒸気の存在下での、エチルベンゼンからスチレンへの脱水素化に使用した。得られた触媒物質を粉砕して、ふるいにかけ、0.5から0.7mmの画分を分離し、さらなる実験に使用した。
選択性(mol%)=[D*Mp−C*Mf)/(A*Mf−B*Mp)]×(MEB/MST)×100
収率(mol%)=変換率×選択性/100
A:反応器入口でのエチルベンゼン濃度(質量%)
B:反応器出口でのエチルベンゼン濃度(質量%)
C:反応器入口でのスチレン濃度(質量%)
D:反応器出口でのスチレン濃度(質量%)
Mf:有機出発物質の平均モル質量
Mp:有機生成物の平均モル質量
MEB:エチルベンゼンのモル質量
MST:スチレンのモル質量
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、
少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、および
触媒全体に対して、CeO2として算出して、15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物を含む脱水素化触媒であって、
少なくとも1種の鉄化合物および少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物は、一般式
KxFeyOz
[式中、xは1から17であり、yは1から22であり、zは2から34である]の1種または複数種のK/Fe混合酸化物相の形で、少なくとも部分的に存在し、
前記触媒は、触媒全体に対して65から89質量%の1種または複数種のK/Fe混合酸化物相を含み、且つ、前記触媒は、12から25nmの平均直径を有する結晶性二酸化セリウムを含有し、且つ
Fe 2 O 3 として算出して、50から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、
K 2 Oとして算出して、1から30質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、
CeO 2 として算出して、15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物、
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物、
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、及び
0から30質量%の少なくとも1種のさらなる成分
を含む、
前記脱水素化触媒。 - さらなる成分として、いずれの場合も最も高い酸化状態にある酸化物として算出して、0.0001から10質量%の、モリブデン、チタン、バナジウムおよびタングステンからなる群から選択される金属を包含する化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の脱水素化触媒。
- Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、
CeO2として算出して、15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物、
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物、
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、
いずれの場合も最も高い酸化状態にある酸化物として算出して、0.0001から10質量%の、モリブデン(Mo)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)およびタングステン(W)からなる群から選択される金属を包含する化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の脱水素化触媒。 - Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、
CeO2として算出して、15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物、
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物、
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、
MoO3として算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のモリブデン化合物、
TiO2として算出して、1から1000ppmの少なくとも1種のチタン化合物
を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の脱水素化触媒。 - Fe2O3として算出して、50から80質量%の少なくとも1種の鉄化合物、
K2Oとして算出して、1から30質量%の少なくとも1種のカリウム化合物、
CeO2として算出して、15から20質量%の少なくとも1種のセリウム化合物、
MgOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のマグネシウム化合物、
CaOとして算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のカルシウム化合物、
MoO3として算出して、0.1から10質量%の少なくとも1種のモリブデン化合物、
TiO2として算出して、1から1000ppmの少なくとも1種のチタン化合物
を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の脱水素化触媒。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の脱水素化触媒を生成するための方法であって、
i)請求項1に記載される成分、任意にさらなる金属化合物、任意にさらなる成分および任意に少なくとも1種の結合剤を溶媒と混合することにより、触媒予備混合物を生成する工程、
ii)工程i)で得られた触媒予備混合物から成形触媒体を生成する工程、
iii)前記成形触媒体を乾燥し、前記成形触媒体をか焼する工程
を含み、
工程iii)における成形触媒体のか焼を、750から850℃の範囲の温度にて、30分から180分の時間で行う、
方法。 - 水蒸気および少なくとも1種の炭化水素の混合物を、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の脱水素化触媒と接触させる、炭化水素の接触脱水素化のための方法。
- 水蒸気/炭化水素のモル比が1から10の範囲である、水蒸気および少なくとも1種の炭化水素の混合物を使用する、請求項7に記載の、炭化水素の接触脱水素化のための方法。
- 前記炭化水素がエチルベンゼンである、請求項7または8に記載の、炭化水素の接触脱水素化のための方法。
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