JP6704549B1 - ヒートポンプ装置及び電気機器 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ装置及び電気機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6704549B1 JP6704549B1 JP2020504261A JP2020504261A JP6704549B1 JP 6704549 B1 JP6704549 B1 JP 6704549B1 JP 2020504261 A JP2020504261 A JP 2020504261A JP 2020504261 A JP2020504261 A JP 2020504261A JP 6704549 B1 JP6704549 B1 JP 6704549B1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- group
- general formula
- temperature
- heat
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011557 critical solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002743 phosphorus functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 28
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- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- NYWXIIJJXSCIPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)pentane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCC(C)(CS(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)C=C NYWXIIJJXSCIPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a liquid, e.g. brine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Ca(OH)2+Q(熱量)⇔CaO+H2O
図1は、実施の形態1に係るヒートポンプ装置を中心とするシステムの構成を示す図である。図1のヒートポンプ装置100は、蓄熱タンク10、水用タンク20、ガス流路配管30及びガス配管バルブ31並びに水流路配管40及び水配管バルブ41を備える。
次に、実施の形態2に係るヒートポンプ装置100について説明する。本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ装置100の機器構成については、実施の形態1で説明した構成と同じである。実施の形態2に係るヒートポンプ装置100では、次に示す蓄熱材11を用いる。
次に、実施の形態3に係るヒートポンプ装置100について説明する。実施の形態3に係るヒートポンプ装置100の機器構成については、実施の形態1で説明した構成と同じである。実施の形態3に係るヒートポンプ装置100では、次に示す蓄熱材11を用いる。
次に、実施の形態4に係るヒートポンプ装置100について説明する。実施の形態4に係るヒートポンプ装置100の機器構成については、実施の形態1で説明した構成と同じである。実施の形態4に係るヒートポンプ装置100では、次に示す蓄熱材11を用いる。
上記一般式(1)〜(4)における共有結合手は、同じ構成単位同士を結合させたり、異種の構成単位を結合させるだけでなく、一部が分岐構造を形成していてもよい。分岐構造としては、特に限定されることはない。
実施の形態1〜実施の形態4では、蓄熱材11の含水率について、特に説明しなかった。蓄熱材11の含水率は、特に限定しないが、70質量%〜99質量%であることが好ましい。含水率は、水21を含む蓄熱材11の重量を室温で測定した後、恒温槽内に入れて60〜120℃の乾燥温度で水21を蒸発させ、水21が無くなった(重量が減少しなくなった)ところで、蓄熱材11の重量を測定し、重量の減少分を水21と仮定して求めることができる(乾燥減量法)。また、実施の形態1〜実施の形態4に係る蓄熱材11を多孔化してもよい。蓄熱材11を多孔化することにより、温度応答性をより高めるという利点がある。蓄熱材11を多孔化する方法としては、上記した重合性モノマー、架橋剤、重合開始剤及びポロゲン(細孔形成剤)を含む混合溶液を調製し、ラジカル重合反応によって架橋構造を形成し、次いで洗浄によりポロゲンを除去する方法が挙げられる。溶媒として水を用いてラジカル重合反応を行う場合、好ましいポロゲンは、水溶性の炭水化物、例えば、スクロース、マルトース、セルビオース、ラクトース、ソルビトール、キシリトール、グルコース、フルクトース等である。これらの水溶性の炭水化物と、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール又はこれらの混合物とを含むポロゲン組成物としてもよい。また、蓄熱材11を多孔化する別の方法としては、水21を含む感温性高分子から凍結乾燥により水21を除去する方法が挙げられる。
表1に示す配合の原料水溶液を、窒素雰囲気下、室温から50℃まで1時間かけて昇温させ、感温性高分子を得た。また、得られた感温性高分子を乾燥した後、蒸留水で平衡膨潤させて、感温性高分子ゲルを得た。その後、感温性高分子ゲルをアルミニウム製の密閉容器に封入し、示差走査熱量計で吸熱ピーク温度と蓄熱密度とを測定した。測定結果を表2に示す。
NIPAM:N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド
HMA:アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル
MBA:N,N’−メチレンビスアクリルアミド
KPS:過硫酸カリウウム
TEMED:N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン
Claims (8)
- 温度に依存して親水性と疎水性とを示す感温性高分子と、水、有機溶媒及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される溶媒とを含む感温性高分子ゲルを有する蓄熱材を収容する蓄熱タンクと、
前記蓄熱材を加熱する蓄熱用熱源装置と、
水を貯める水用タンクと、
前記蓄熱タンクと前記水用タンクとを接続する流路配管と
を備えるヒートポンプ装置であって、
前記蓄熱材は、下限臨界溶液温度を境にして前記親水性と前記疎水性とが可逆的に変化し、且つ、前記変化の過程において、前記感温性高分子ゲルに含まれる前記溶媒が液体状態を維持し、前記疎水性に前記変化した感温性高分子と水とが分離されるヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記感温性高分子は、架橋構造を有すると共に、ヒドロキシ基、スルホン酸基、オキシスルホン酸基、リン酸基及びオキシリン酸基からなる群から選択される一種以上の官能基を分子末端に有し、前記感温性高分子を構成する繰り返し単位と、前記官能基と、前記架橋構造単位とのモル比が、99:0.5:0.5〜70:20:10の範囲にある請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 温度に依存して親水性と疎水性とを示す感温性高分子と、水、有機溶媒及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される溶媒とを含む感温性高分子ゲルを有する蓄熱材を収容する蓄熱タンクと、
前記蓄熱材を加熱する蓄熱用熱源装置と、
水を貯める水用タンクと、
前記蓄熱タンクと前記水用タンクとを接続する流路配管と
を備えるヒートポンプ装置であって、
前記蓄熱材は、下限臨界溶液温度を境にして前記親水性と前記疎水性とが可逆的に変化し、且つ、前記変化の過程において、前記感温性高分子ゲルに含まれる前記溶媒が液体状態を維持し、
前記感温性高分子は、架橋構造を有すると共に、ヒドロキシ基、スルホン酸基、オキシスルホン酸基、リン酸基及びオキシリン酸基からなる群から選択される一種以上の官能基を分子末端に有し、前記感温性高分子を構成する繰り返し単位と、前記官能基と、前記架橋構造単位とのモル比が、99:0.5:0.5〜70:20:10の範囲にあるヒートポンプ装置。 - 蓄熱材を収容する蓄熱タンクと、
前記蓄熱材を加熱する蓄熱用熱源装置と、
水を貯める水用タンクと、
前記蓄熱タンクと前記水用タンクとを接続する流路配管と
を備えるヒートポンプ装置であって、
前記蓄熱材は、下記一般式(1)
前記一般式(1)で表される構成単位の共有結合手と前記一般式(2)で表される構成単位の共有結合手とが結合した架橋構造を有し、
前記一般式(1)で表される構成単位と、前記官能基であるXと、前記一般式(2)で表される構成単位とのモル比が、99:0.5:0.5〜70:23:7である感温性高分子ゲルを有し、
前記感温性高分子ゲルは、下限臨界溶液温度を境にして親水性と疎水性とが可逆的に変化するヒートポンプ装置。 - 蓄熱材を収容する蓄熱タンクと、
前記蓄熱材を加熱する蓄熱用熱源装置と、
水を貯める水用タンクと、
前記蓄熱タンクと前記水用タンクとを接続する流路配管と
を備えるヒートポンプ装置であって、
前記蓄熱材は、下記一般式(1)
前記一般式(1)で表される構成単位の共有結合手と前記一般式(2)で表される構成単位の共有結合手と前記一般式(3)若しくは前記一般式(4)で表される構成単位の共有結合手とが結合した架橋構造を有し、
前記一般式(1)で表される構成単位と前記一般式(3)若しくは前記一般式(4)で表される構成単位とのモル比が、95:5〜20:80であり、
前記一般式(1)で表される構成単位及び前記一般式(3)若しくは前記一般式(4)で表される構成単位の合計と、前記官能基であるXと、前記一般式(2)で表される構成単位とのモル比が、99:0.5:0.5〜70:23:7である感温性高分子ゲルを有し、
前記感温性高分子ゲルは、下限臨界溶液温度を境にして親水性と疎水性とが可逆的に変化するヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記蓄熱タンクは、着脱可能である請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記流路配管は、
前記蓄熱材の脱水反応により生じた水蒸気が通過するガス流路配管と、
前記蓄熱材に吸水反応させる水が通過する水流路配管と
を有する請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 請求項1〜請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備える電気機器。
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