JP6696266B2 - 誘電体磁器組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ - Google Patents
誘電体磁器組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6696266B2 JP6696266B2 JP2016068768A JP2016068768A JP6696266B2 JP 6696266 B2 JP6696266 B2 JP 6696266B2 JP 2016068768 A JP2016068768 A JP 2016068768A JP 2016068768 A JP2016068768 A JP 2016068768A JP 6696266 B2 JP6696266 B2 JP 6696266B2
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- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G4/1245—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on zirconium oxides or zirconates containing also titanates
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- C01G25/006—Compounds containing, besides zirconium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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Description
組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物(ただし、前記m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示し、0.94≦m≦1.1、0≦x≦1.0、0≦y≦1.0、0≦(x+y)≦1.0、0.06≦z<0.2をそれぞれ満たす)からなる主成分と、
希土類元素Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)からなる第1副成分と、
焼結助剤としての第2副成分とを含み、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、前記誘電体粒子は希土類元素Rが誘電体粒子全体に固溶している全固溶粒子を含み、
前記全固溶粒子におけるTi原子の濃度を100原子%とした場合に、希土類元素Rの平均濃度Raが5〜20原子%であり、
前記全固溶粒子の粒界から20nm以下の領域を除く部分において、希土類元素濃度(原子%)を測定した場合に、測定値の標準偏差と平均値とが、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.25
を満足することを特徴としている。
前記(標準偏差/平均値)が、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.10を満足することが好ましい。
組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物(ただし、前記m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示し、0.94≦m≦1.1、0≦x≦1.0、0≦y≦1.0、0≦(x+y)≦1.0、0.06≦z<0.2をそれぞれ満たす)からなる主成分と、
希土類元素Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)からなる第1副成分と、
焼結助剤としての第2副成分とを含み、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、前記誘電体粒子は前記主成分からなる主成分相と、第1副成分が主成分中に拡散した拡散相とを含み、前記主成分相と前記拡散相とを合計した面積に対して、拡散相が占める面積の割合が平均で95%以上100%未満であり、
前記拡散相におけるTi原子の濃度を100原子%とした場合に、希土類元素Rの平均濃度Raが5〜20原子%であり、
前記誘電体粒子の粒界から20nm以下の領域を除く部分であり、かつ主成分相と拡散相との境界から20nm以下の領域を除く拡散相において、希土類元素濃度(原子%)を測定した場合に、測定値の標準偏差と平均値とが、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.25
を満足することを特徴としている。
前記(標準偏差/平均値)が、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.10を満足することが好ましい。
図1に示すように、セラミック電子部品の非制限的一例としての積層セラミックコンデンサ1は、誘電体層2と、内部電極層3と、が交互に積層された構成のコンデンサ素子本体10を有する。内部電極層3は、各端面がコンデンサ素子本体10の対向する2端部の表面に交互に露出するように積層してある。一対の外部電極4は、コンデンサ素子本体10の両端部に形成され、交互に配置された内部電極層3の露出端面に接続されて、コンデンサ回路を構成する。
誘電体層2の厚みは、特に制限されないが、一層あたり0.5〜 20μm程度であることが好ましい。
以下、第1の実施形態および第2の実施形態について、それぞれ説明する。
第1の実施形態に係る誘電体磁器組成物の主成分は、組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物である。ここで、m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示す。
第1の実施形態では、上記の誘電体層2を構成する誘電体磁器組成物は、誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、前記誘電体粒子は希土類元素Rが誘電体粒子全体に固溶している全固溶粒子を含む。誘電体粒子の粒子形状、粒径は特に限定はされない。
第2の実施形態に係る誘電体磁器組成物の主成分は、組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物である。ここで、m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示す。
第2の実施形態では、上記の誘電体層2を構成する誘電体磁器組成物は誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、誘電体粒子は、主成分からなる主成分相と、第1副成分が主成分中に拡散した拡散相とを含む。
シェル率(%)=100×(1−(L2 2/L1 2))
平均シェル率(%)=100×(1−(L2ave 2/L1ave 2))
誘電体層2を、希土類元素の濃度分布の小さな拡散相を大面積で有する誘電体粒子によって構成することで、高い電界強度下においても、絶縁抵抗の寿命特性に優れた積層セラミックコンデンサを得ることができる。
内部電極層3に含有される導電材は特に限定されないが、誘電体層2を構成する材料が耐還元性を有するため、比較的安価な卑金属を用いることができる。導電材として用いる卑金属としては、NiまたはNi合金が好ましい。Ni合金としては、Mn,Cr,CoおよびAlから選択される1種以上の元素とNiとの合金が好ましく、合金中のNi含有量は95質量%以上であることが好ましい。なお、NiまたはNi合金中には、P等の各種微量成分が0.1質量%程度以下含まれていてもよい。内部電極層3の厚さは用途等に応じて適宜決定すればよいが、通常、0.1〜3μm程度であることが好ましい。
外部電極4に含有される導電材は特に限定されないが、本発明では安価なNi,Cuや、これらの合金を用いることができる。外部電極4の厚さは用途等に応じて適宜決定すればよいが、通常、10〜50μm程度であることが好ましい。
本実施形態の積層セラミックコンデンサ1は、従来の積層セラミックコンデンサと同様に、ペーストを用いた通常の印刷法やシート法によりグリーンチップを作製し、これを焼成した後、外部電極を印刷または転写して焼成することにより製造される。以下、製造方法について非制限的具体例を説明する。
誘電体原料として、主成分の原料と、各副成分の原料とを準備する。これらの原料としては、上記した成分の酸化物やその混合物、複合酸化物を用いることができる。また、焼成により上記した酸化物や複合酸化物となる各種化合物、たとえば、炭酸塩、シュウ酸塩、硝酸塩、水酸化物、有機金属化合物等から適宜選択し、混合して用いることもできる。
第1の実施形態に係る誘電体磁器組成物を得るためには、上記各原料を一括混合し、これを仮焼きすることが好ましい。
誘電体原料を調製するために、各成分原料を十分に混合し、混合粉末を得て、これを熱処理(仮焼き)して、仮焼原料を得る。原料の混合は特に限定はされないが、湿式法により20時間程度十分に混合し、その後乾燥する。
第2の実施形態に係る誘電体磁器組成物を得るためには、予め比較的低温(たとえば950℃〜1050℃)で予備的に仮焼きし、その後副成分を添加混合してさらに第2の仮焼きして誘電体原料を得ることが好ましい。
主成分原料を十分に混合し、混合粉末を得て、これを予備的に熱処理(予備仮焼き)して、予備仮焼原料を得る。原料の混合は特に限定はされないが、湿式法により20時間程度十分に混合し、その後乾燥する。
次に、誘電体原料を塗料化して、誘電体層用ペーストを調製する。誘電体層用ペーストは、誘電体原料と有機ビヒクルとを混練した有機系の塗料であってもよく、水系の塗料であってもよい。
焼成前に、グリーンチップに脱バインダ処理を施す。脱バインダ条件としては、昇温速度を好ましくは5〜300℃/時間、保持温度を好ましくは180〜900℃、温度保持時間を好ましくは0.5〜24時間とする。また、脱バインダ雰囲気は、空気もしくは還元性雰囲気とする。
このようにして製造された本実施形態の積層セラミックコンデンサは、ハンダ付等によりプリント基板上などに実装され、各種電子機器等に使用される。
主成分原料として、炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化チタン(TiO2)および酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)を、それぞれ準備した。さらに、第1副成分原料として希土類酸化物を、第2副成分の原料としてSiおよびAlの酸化物を、第3副成分原料として酸化マグネシウム(MgO)を、第4副成分の原料としてMnおよびCrの酸化物をそれぞれ準備した。
主成分原料として、炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化チタン(TiO2)および酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)を、それぞれ準備した。焼成後の主成分組成が表1に示す組成となるように、前記主成分を秤量した。秤量後に各原料を混合した。混合は、ボールミルで湿式混合撹拌を20時間行うことで実施した。湿式混合撹拌後の配合物を脱水乾燥した。脱水乾燥後に1000℃で1時間仮焼成し、必要に応じ粉砕し、主成分の仮焼粉末を得た。
次いで、得られた誘電体原料:100質量部と、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂:10質量部と、可塑剤としてのジオクチルフタレート(DOP):5質量部と、溶媒としてのアルコール:100質量部とをボールミルで混合してペースト化し、誘電体層用ペーストを得た。
また、上記とは別に、Ni粒子:44.6質量部と、テルピネオール:52質量部と、エチルセルロース:3質量部と、ベンゾトリアゾール:0.4質量部とを、3本ロールにより混練し、ペースト化して内部電極層用ペーストを作製した。
そして、上記にて作製した誘電体層用ペーストを用いて、PETフィルム上に、乾燥後の厚みが15μmとなるようにグリーンシートを形成した。次いで、この上に内部電極層用ペーストを用いて、電極層を所定パターンで印刷した後、PETフィルムからシートを剥離し、電極層を有するグリーンシートを作製した。次いで、電極層を有するグリーンシートを複数枚積層し、加圧接着することによりグリーン積層体とし、このグリーン積層体を所定サイズに切断することにより、グリーンチップを得た。
次いで、得られたグリーンチップについて、脱バインダ処理、焼成およびアニールを下記条件にて行って、素子本体となる焼結体を得た。
誘電体粒子における拡散相の面積割合は、誘電体層断面の顕微鏡写真を画像処理ソフト等により処理して算出する。まず、コンデンサ試料を積層方向に垂直な面で切断し、その切断面にケミカルエッチングを行う。断面を倍率20000倍で観察し、任意に選択した200個以上の誘電体粒子において、誘電体粒子の面積を算出する。この面積から粒子の円相当径を算出し、平均誘電体粒子径L1aveを求める。また、イオンミリングを行い、電子顕微鏡の反射電子像から、希土類元素Rが存在していない領域(コア)も同様にして平均コア粒子径L2aveを求める。なお、コア部が観察されない場合、コア粒子径はゼロ(0)とする。さらに得られた平均誘電体粒子径L1aveと、平均コア粒子径L2aveとから、誘電体層の面積に占める拡散相(シェル)の面積割合(平均シェル率)を、下記の式により算出する。
平均シェル率(%)=100×(1−(L2ave 2/L1ave 2))
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)に付属のエネルギー分散型X線分光装置(EDS)を用いて、拡散相におけるTiおよび希土類元素Rについて面分析を行う。この面分析は、150個以上の誘電体粒子について行う。誘電体粒子が30個程度存在する領域(視野)を、5視野以上測定する。そして、分析により得られた特性X線を解析して、Tiおよび希土類元素Rの分布を示すマッピング画像を得る。各分析点において、Ti原子の濃度を100原子%とした場合の希土類元素Rの濃度を算出し、希土類元素Rの平均濃度Raを得た。
コンデンサ試料に対し、絶縁抵抗計(アドバンテスト社製R8340A)を用いて、20℃において500Vの直流電圧を、コンデンサ試料に10秒間印加し、印加後50秒放置した後の絶縁抵抗IRを測定した。本実施例では、1.0×1012Ω以上を良好(A)とし、2.0×1012Ω以上を優良(S)とし、1.0×1012Ω未満を不良(F)とた。
コンデンサ試料に対し、200℃にて60V/μmの電界下で直流電圧の印加状態を保持し、コンデンサ試料の絶縁劣化時間を測定することにより、高温負荷寿命を評価した。本実施例においては、電圧印加開始から絶縁抵抗が1桁落ちるまでの時間を寿命とし定義した。また、本実施例では、上記の評価を10個のコンデンサ試料について行い、これをワイブル解析することにより算出した平均故障時間(Mean Time To Failure)をその試料の高温負荷寿命と定義した。本実施例では20時間以上を良好(A)とし、40時間以上を優良(S)とし、20時間未満を不良(F)とした。
試料5〜8および105〜108からは、TiサイトをZrで置換することにより(BaTiO3→BaTi1−ZZrZO3)、バンドギャップが高くなり、抵抗を高くすることができることが分かる。一方、Zrが過剰であると、希土類元素の主成分への固溶を妨げるため高温負荷寿命が低くなる。
試料9および111から、拡散相における希土類元素濃度が低過ぎると、十分な高温負荷寿命が得られないことが分かる。一方、試料12および114から、拡散相における希土類元素濃度が高過ぎると、十分なIR特性が得られないことが分かる。
試料18、19、26〜28、120、121から、拡散相における希土類元素の濃度分布が不均一であると、十分な高温負荷寿命が得られず、試料12〜17、115〜119から、希土類元素の濃度分布が均一になるにつれて、高温負荷寿命が向上することが分かる。
これらの結果から、拡散相において、一定範囲の希土類元素を均一に分散させることで、高いIR特性と優れた高温負荷寿命とを両立ができることが分かる。
2… 誘電体層
21… コアシェル構造粒子
22… 全固溶粒子
3… 内部電極層
4… 外部電極
10… コンデンサ素子本体
Claims (7)
- 組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物(ただし、前記m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示し、0.94≦m≦1.1、0≦x≦1.0、0≦y≦1.0、0≦(x+y)≦1.0、0.06≦z<0.2をそれぞれ満たす)からなる主成分と、
希土類元素Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)からなる第1副成分と、
焼結助剤としての第2副成分とを含む誘電体磁器組成物であって、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、前記誘電体粒子は希土類元素Rが誘電体粒子全体に固溶している全固溶粒子を含み、
全固溶粒子の割合が個数基準で90%以上であり、
前記全固溶粒子におけるTi原子の濃度を100原子%とした場合に、希土類元素Rの平均濃度Raが5〜20原子%であり、
前記全固溶粒子の粒界から20nm以下の領域を除く部分において、希土類元素濃度(原子%)を測定した場合に、測定値の標準偏差と平均値とが
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.25
を満足する誘電体磁器組成物。 - 前記(標準偏差/平均値)が、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.10
を満足する請求項1に記載の誘電体磁器組成物。 - 組成式(Ba1−x−ySrxCay)m(Ti1−ZZrZ)O3で表されるペロブスカイト型化合物(ただし、前記m、x、y、zは全てモル比を示し、0.94≦m≦1.1、0≦x≦1.0、0≦y≦1.0、0≦(x+y)≦1.0、0.06≦z<0.2をそれぞれ満たす)からなる主成分と、
希土類元素Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)からなる第1副成分と、
焼結助剤としての第2副成分とを含む誘電体磁器組成物であって、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は誘電体粒子と粒界とを含み、前記誘電体粒子は前記主成分からなる主成分相と、第1副成分が主成分中に拡散した拡散相を含み、
拡散相の面積割合が95%以上100%未満の誘電体粒子の割合が、個数基準で90%以上であり、
前記主成分相と前記拡散相とを合計した面積に対して、拡散相が占める面積の割合が平均で95%以上100%未満であり、
前記拡散相におけるTi原子の濃度を100原子%とした場合に、希土類元素Rの平均濃度Raが5〜20原子%であり、
前記誘電体粒子の粒界から20nm以下の領域を除く部分であり、かつ主成分相と拡散相との境界から20nm以下の領域を除く拡散相において、希土類元素濃度(原子%)を測定した場合に、測定値の標準偏差と平均値とが
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.25
を満足する誘電体磁器組成物。 - 前記(標準偏差/平均値)が、
(標準偏差/平均値)≦0.10
を満足する請求項3に記載の誘電体磁器組成物。 - 前記主成分相と前記拡散相とを合計した面積に対して、拡散相が占める面積の割合が平均で98%以上100%未満である請求項3または4に記載の誘電体磁器組成物。
- 請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の誘電体磁器組成物を含む電子部品。
- 請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の誘電体磁器組成物を含む誘電体層と、内部電極層とを有する積層セラミックコンデンサ。
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