JP6692007B2 - 水性エマルジョン、その製造方法及びその用途 - Google Patents
水性エマルジョン、その製造方法及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6692007B2 JP6692007B2 JP2019552801A JP2019552801A JP6692007B2 JP 6692007 B2 JP6692007 B2 JP 6692007B2 JP 2019552801 A JP2019552801 A JP 2019552801A JP 2019552801 A JP2019552801 A JP 2019552801A JP 6692007 B2 JP6692007 B2 JP 6692007B2
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)=C WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIWDVJPPVMGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C(C)=C ZIWDVJPPVMGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C=C SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZWLFGLCGZUVIEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)NN ZWLFGLCGZUVIEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000574 octyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010387 octyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl gallate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002976 peresters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZTILHLWDFSMCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylhydrazine Chemical compound NNCC=C ZTILHLWDFSMCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKPBXIFLSVLDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylhydrazine Chemical compound CCCNN UKPBXIFLSVLDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]C([O-])=O WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000026 rubidium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZHLWVUAICIIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium gallate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC(C([O-])=O)=CC(O)=C1O FZHLWVUAICIIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013053 water resistant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
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- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/22—Compounds containing nitrogen bound to another nitrogen atom
- C08K5/24—Derivatives of hydrazine
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
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- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
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Description
本発明は、分散剤と分散質とを含む水性エマルジョンに関する。本発明の水性エマルジョンは、変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)(以下、「変性PVA(A)」と略記することがある)及び化合物(B)を前記分散剤として含み、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体(E)を前記分散質として含む。ここで、変性PVA(A)が側鎖に二重結合を0.001〜2モル%有する。また、化合物(B)は、共役二重結合を有し、該共役二重結合に結合した水酸基を2つ以上有する化合物、又はその塩若しくはその酸化物(B1)、アルコキシフェノール(B2)、及び環状ニトロキシルラジカル(B3)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。そして、前記分散剤の含有量は、重合体(E)100質量部に対して1〜20質量部である。
まず、本発明で用いられる分散剤について説明する。本発明で用いられる分散剤は、変性PVA(A)及び化合物(B)を含む。分散剤の製造方法は特に限定されないが、好適な製造方法は、化合物(B)の存在下で、ポリビニルアルコール(D)と、二重結合を有する化合物とを反応させる方法である。二重結合を有する化合物としては、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体、二重結合を有するエポキシ化合物、二重結合を有するハロゲン化物、二重結合を有するカルボニル化合物等が挙げられる。反応させる化合物によって、適宜アルカリ触媒、ラジカル等を共存させてもよい。中でも、反応性の観点から、化合物(B)の存在下で、ポリビニルアルコール(D)と、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体とを反応させる方法が好ましい。不飽和カルボン酸及びその誘導体については後述する。以下の説明において、ポリビニルアルコール(D)は、二重結合を側鎖に有さないPVAのことである(以下、「PVA(D)」又は「原料PVA」と記載することがある)。
原料PVA(D)は、ポリビニルエステルをけん化することによって得られる。ここで、ポリビニルエステルは、ビニルエステル単量体を塊状重合法、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合法、分散重合法等の従来公知の方法を採用して重合させることにより、製造することができる。工業的観点から好ましい重合方法は、溶液重合法、乳化重合法および分散重合法である。重合操作にあたっては、回分法、半回分法および連続法のいずれの重合方式を採用することも可能である。
P=([η]×104/8.29)(1/0.62)
本発明で用いられる化合物(B)は、共役二重結合を有し、該共役二重結合に結合した水酸基を2つ以上有する化合物、又はその塩若しくはその酸化物(B1)、アルコキシフェノール(B2)、及び環状ニトロキシルラジカル(B3)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。このような化合物(B)を含む分散剤を用いることで、水性エマルジョン及び接着剤の保存時に、変性PVA(A)中の二重結合が反応し不溶分を生成することを抑制できる。その結果、接着剤の塗工性及び粘度安定性がより一層向上する。
分散剤の製造方法は特に限定されないが、好適な製造方法は、化合物(B)の存在下で、PVA(D)(原料PVA)と、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体とを反応させる方法である。このとき、反応を促進させるために、反応を行う際に加熱することが好ましい。加熱温度は、80〜180℃であることが好ましい。加熱時間は加熱温度との関係で適宜設定されるが、通常、10分〜24時間である。
本発明の水性エマルジョンは、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体(E)を分散質として含有する。上記エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、例えばビニルエステル単量体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体、α,β−不飽和モノ又はジカルボン酸単量体、ジエン単量体、オレフィン単量体、(メタ)アクリルアミド単量体、ニトリル単量体、芳香族ビニル単量体、複素環式ビニル単量体、ビニルエーテル単量体、アリル単量体、多官能性アクリレート単量体等が挙げられる。これらは1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらのうち、ビニルエステル単量体、スチレン単量体及びジエン単量体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和単量体が好ましく、ビニルエステル単量体がより好ましい。ただし、重合体(E)は、ポリビニルアルコールではない。
本発明の水性エマルジョンの製造方法は特に限定されないが、好適な製造方法は、前記分散剤の存在下でエチレン性不飽和単量体を乳化重合する方法である。具体的な方法としては、分散剤とエチレン性不飽和単量体を仕込んだ後、適宜選択した重合開始剤を添加して、当該単量体を乳化重合する方法が挙げられる。分散剤の仕込み方法や添加方法は特に限定されず、分散剤を初期一括で仕込む方法や重合中に連続的に分散剤を添加する方法等を挙げることができる。なかでも、変性PVA(A)の分散質へのグラフト率を高める観点から、重合系内に分散剤を初期一括で仕込む方法が好ましい。これらの方法において、分散剤の量やエチレン性不飽和単量体の量、溶媒の量を適宜調整することで重合反応を調節することができる。
本発明の好適な実施態様は、本発明の水性エマルジョンを用いてなる接着剤である。このような接着剤は、本発明の水性エマルジョンに、架橋剤(F)や可塑剤等を配合することによって得ることができる。
PVAの粘度平均重合度はJIS−K6726に準じて測定した。具体的には、けん化度が99.5モル%未満の場合には、けん化度99.5モル%以上になるまでけん化したPVAについて、水中、30℃で測定した極限粘度[η](リットル/g)を用いて下記式により粘度平均重合度(P)を求めた。なお、変性PVA(A)のけん化度は、分散剤からなる粉末を再沈精製して単離されたPVAについて測定した値である。
P=([η]×104/8.29)(1/0.62)
PVAのけん化度は、JIS−K6726に記載の方法により求めた。なお、変性PVA(A)のけん化度は、分散剤からなる粉末を再沈精製して単離されたPVAについて測定した値である。
分散剤の10%水溶液を調製した。この水溶液を、500gの酢酸メチル/水=95/5の溶液中に5g滴下し変性PVA(A)を析出させ、回収し乾燥させた。単離された変性PVA(A)について、1H−NMRを用いて変性PVA(A)中に導入された二重結合の量を測定した。当該二重結合の量は変性PVA(A)中の全モノマー単位に対する二重結合のモル数である。なお、二重結合を側鎖に有するPVAと、二重結合を有さないPVAとを混合して変性PVA(A)とした場合、その変性PVA(A)の二重結合量は、分散剤における、側鎖に二重結合を有するPVAと側鎖に二重結合を有さないPVAのそれぞれの二重結合量と配合比とから計算した値である。
変性PVA(A)の主鎖中の1,2−グリコール結合量はNMRのピークから求めることができる。けん化度99.9モル%以上にけん化後、十分にメタノール洗浄を行い、次いで90℃減圧乾燥を2日間行った変性PVAをDMSO−d6に溶解し、トリフルオロ酢酸を数滴加えた試料を500MHzの1H−NMR(JEOLGX−500)を用いて80℃で測定した。ビニルアルコール単位のメチン由来のピークは3.2〜4.0ppm(積分値X)、1,2−グリコール結合の1つのメチン由来のピークは3.25ppm(積分値Y)に帰属され、次式で1,2−グリコール結合含有量を算出できる。
1,2−グリコール結合量(モル%)=(Y/X)×100
塗工用ハンドローラーを用いて、平滑な木板上に接着剤を塗布した。目視で異物のあり、なしを評価した。
A:異物なし
B:異物あり
(接着条件)
JIS K6852に準拠する方法で測定した。
被着材:ツガ
塗布量:150g/m2(両面塗布)
圧締条件:20℃、24時間、圧力10kg/cm2
(測定条件)
20℃で7日間養生後、試験片を煮沸水中に4時間浸漬した後、60℃の空気中で20時間乾燥し、更に煮沸水中に4時間浸漬してから、20℃の水中に冷めるまで浸し、濡れたままの状態で圧縮せん断試験機により圧縮せん断接着強さを測定した。この値が大きいほど耐水性に優れているといえる。
煮沸繰返し試験と同様に試料を作製し、以下の条件で処理を行い圧縮せん断試験機により圧縮せん断接着強さを測定した。この値が大きいほど耐熱性に優れているといえる。
(測定条件)
20℃、7日間養生後、80℃で1時間恒温槽にて保管後、すぐに測定した。
接着剤の粘度をB型粘度計(20℃、20rpm)で粘度(η0)を測定した。その後40℃で1ヶ月間接着剤を静置した。静置後、再度、B型粘度計(20℃、20rpm)で粘度(η30)を測定した。増粘倍率をη30/η0として定義し、下記の通り評価した。増粘倍率が低いほど保存安定性に優れているといえる。
A:増粘倍率が3未満
B:増粘倍率が3以上
(分散剤1の調製)
不飽和カルボン酸としてイタコン酸2.95質量部、化合物(B)として没食子酸プロピル0.2部をメタノール120部に溶解した溶液を調製し、そこにPVA1(粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度98.5モル%)を100部加え、膨潤させたのち、メタノールを減圧下除去した。その後、得られた混合粉末を120℃の温度下、6時間熱処理を行うことで熱処理粉末1を得た。熱処理粉末1に含まれているPVAに導入された二重結合の量を、上述した方法により測定した。その後、熱処理粉末1に含まれる、側鎖に二重結合を有するPVA1.05質量部に対し、側鎖に二重結合を有さないPVA(PVA1)を5.95質量部配合して分散剤1を得た。分散剤1における変性PVA(A)の重合度、けん化度、エチレン変性量、二重結合導入量及び1,2−グリコール結合量を表1に示す。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、温度計及び窒素吹込口を備えた2Lガラス製重合容器に、イオン交換水481g、分散剤1を31g仕込み、95℃で2時間撹拌し、分散剤1を完全に溶解させた。この溶液に酢酸ナトリウム(NaOAc)を0.4g添加し、混合溶解して分散剤溶液を調製した。次に、この分散剤溶液を冷却した後、窒素置換した。その後、撹拌しながら、60℃に昇温した後、酒石酸の20%水溶液3.8g及び5%過酸化水素水5.2gを添加後、酢酸ビニル(エチレン性不飽和単量体)45gを仕込み重合を開始した。重合開始30分後に、酒石酸の20%水溶液及び5%過酸化水素水を適宜添加しながら、酢酸ビニル404gを3時間かけて連続的に添加し、重合温度を85℃に維持して重合を完結させ、固形分濃度50質量%のポリ酢酸ビニル系水性エマルジョンを得た。ここで固形分とは、水性エマルジョンに含まれる乾燥固形物の全量のことである。
水性エマルジョンの固形分100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてフェノキシエタノール4質量部を添加して混合した。さらに、アンモニア水溶液を添加し、pHを5に調整して接着剤を得た。得られた接着剤について、塗工性、耐水性(煮沸繰返し試験)、耐熱性及び粘度安定性を上述した方法により評価した。結果を表2に示す。
原料PVAの種類、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体の種類及び配合量、化合物(B)の種類及び配合量、並びに、熱処理粉末に配合した原料PVAの種類及び配合量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして分散剤2〜7及び10を調製した。結果を表1に示す。
(分散剤8の調製)
原料PVAの種類、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体の種類及び配合量、化合物(B)の種類及び配合量、並びに、熱処理粉末に配合した原料PVAの種類及び配合量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、分散剤8を調製した。結果を表1に示す。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、温度計及び窒素吹込口を備えた2Lガラス製重合容器に、イオン交換水481g、分散剤8を31g仕込み、95℃で2時間撹拌し、分散剤8を完全に溶解させた。この溶液に酢酸ナトリウム(NaOAc)を0.4g添加し、混合溶解して分散剤溶液を調製した。次に、この分散剤溶液を冷却した後、窒素置換した。その後、撹拌しながら、60℃に昇温した後、酒石酸の20%水溶液3.8g及び5%過酸化水素水5.2gを添加後、酢酸ビニル45g及びアクリル酸(不飽和カルボン酸)0.23gを仕込み重合を開始した。重合開始30分後に、酒石酸の20%水溶液及び5%過酸化水素水を適宜添加しながら、酢酸ビニル404g及びアクリル酸2gを3時間かけて添加し、重合温度を85℃に維持して重合を完結させ、固形分濃度50質量%のポリ酢酸ビニル系水性エマルジョンを得た。
水性エマルジョンの作製で用いた酢酸ビニル100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてフェノキシエタノール4質量部添加して混合した。さらに、アンモニア水溶液を添加し、pHを5に調整し、架橋剤(F)としてポリアミドポリアミンエピクロロヒドリン樹脂(PAE)1.5質量部を添加して接着剤を得た。得られた接着剤について実施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を表2に示す。
原料PVAの種類、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体の種類及び配合量、化合物(B)の種類及び配合量、並びに、熱処理粉末に配合した原料PVAの種類及び配合量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして分散剤9を調製した。結果を表1に示す。次いで、重合体(E)における不飽和カルボン酸の種類及びその量、分散剤の種類及びその量、並びに固形分濃度を表2に示すように変えた以外は実施例8と同様にして水性エマルジョンを得た。次いで、得られた水性エマルジョンを用いて架橋剤(F)の種類及びその量を表2に示すように変えた以外は実施例8と同様にして接着剤を作製して、それを評価した。結果を表2に示す。
分散剤としてPVA2を用いたこと、さらに重合体(E)における不飽和カルボン酸の種類及びその量を表2に示すように変えた以外は実施例8と同様にして水性エマルジョンを得た。次いで、得られた水性エマルジョンを用いて、pHを3に調整したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして接着剤を作製して、それを評価した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (8)
- 分散剤と分散質とを含む水性エマルジョンであって;
変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)及び化合物(B)を前記分散剤として含み、
ポリビニルアルコール以外の、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体(E)を前記分散質として含み、
変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)が側鎖に二重結合を0.001〜2モル%有し、
化合物(B)が、共役二重結合を有し、該共役二重結合に結合した水酸基を2つ以上有する化合物、又はその塩若しくはその酸化物(B1)、アルコキシフェノール(B2)、及び環状ニトロキシルラジカル(B3)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記分散剤の含有量が、重合体(E)100質量部に対して1〜20質量部であることを特徴とする水性エマルジョン。 - 変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)が側鎖に有する二重結合が、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体由来である請求項1に記載の水性エマルジョン。
- 前記分散剤における化合物(B)の含有量が、変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して0.001〜5質量部である請求項1又は2に記載の水性エマルジョン。
- 変性ポリビニルアルコール(A)がさらにエチレン単位を主鎖に有し、該エチレン単位の含有量が1〜10モル%である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の水性エマルジョン。
- 重合体(E)が、不飽和カルボン酸もしくはその塩に由来する単量体単位を0.1〜5質量%含む請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の水性エマルジョン。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の水性エマルジョンを用いてなる接着剤。
- さらに架橋剤(F)を含み、架橋剤(F)の含有量が、重合体(E)100質量部に対して1〜50質量部である請求項6に記載の接着剤。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の水性エマルジョンの製造方法であって;
前記分散剤の存在下で前記エチレン性不飽和単量体を乳化重合する水性エマルジョンの製造方法。
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