JP6667623B2 - バッテリーセルの正極用の活物質、正極、およびバッテリーセル - Google Patents
バッテリーセルの正極用の活物質、正極、およびバッテリーセル Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016118 LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical class [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001423 beryllium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
電気エネルギーの貯蔵は、この何十年、常にその重要性が高まっている。電気エネルギーは、バッテリーにより貯蔵できる。バッテリーは、化学的な反応エネルギーを、電気エネルギーに変換する。バッテリーは、一次電池と二次電池に区別される。一次電池は、一度だけしか使えない一方で、蓄電池とも呼ばれる二次電池は、再度充電可能である。ここで1つのバッテリーは、1つまたは複数のバッテリーセルを有する。
バッテリーセルの正極用活物質(A)、特にリチウムイオンバッテリーセル用の正極用活物質(A)が提案され、この正極用活物質(A)は、式(I):
Li2MnO3 (I)
の金属酸化物を含有する第一の成分(A1)を含むものである。
Li2MnO3-yNy (II)
[式中、3>y>0である]
を含有する。好ましくは1.5≧y>0、特に0.5≧y>0である。
Li2-zNazMnO3-yNy (III)
[式中、yは先に規定した意味を有し、かつ2>z≧0である]
の成分(A1)を含む。好ましくは、1≧z≧0.1である。
x(LiMO2):1−x(Li2-zNazMnO3-yNy) (IV)
式中、M、zおよびyは、先に規定した意味を有し、1>x≧0である。好ましくは1>x>0、特に0.8≧x≧0.2である。
正極活物質(A)の第一の成分(A1)の金属酸化物における酸素イオンO2-を、窒素イオンN2-で部分的に置き換えることにより、リチウムイオンバッテリーセルにおいて使用する際、比較的長い時間にわたって、また高いサイクル数にわたって、安定的な電圧を保証する活物質(A)がもたらされる。同様に、リチウムイオンバッテリーセルの容量は、比較的長い時間にわたって、また高いサイクル数にわたって、安定的に保たれる。電圧損失および容量損失は、明らかに低減されている。こうしてバッテリーの寿命が向上し、これによって商業的な利用、特に正極活物質(A)中にNCM化合物を有するリチウムイオンバッテリーの商業的な利用が、可能になる。
図1にはバッテリーセル2が、概略的に示されている。バッテリーセル2は、角柱状に、ここでは直方体に形成されているセルジャケット3を有する。ここでセルジャケット3は導電性に実施されており、例えばアルミニウムから作製されている。しかしながらセルジャケット3は、電気絶縁性材料、例えば炭素から作製されていてもよい。
Claims (9)
- バッテリーセル(2)の正極(22)用の正極活物質(A)(42)であって、
該正極活物質(A)(42)は、一般式(III):
Li2-zNazMnO3-yNy (III)
[式中、3>y>0であり、かつ酸素イオンO 2- が、1%〜10mol%の割合で、窒素イオンN 2- によって置き換えられ、かつ
2>z≧0である]
の化合物を含有する第一の成分(A1)を含むものである、
前記正極活物質(A)(42)。 - 1≧z≧0.1であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の正極活物質(A)(42)。
- 前記正極活物質(A)(42)が、LiMO2を含有する第二の成分(A2)を含み、ここでMは、元素のニッケル、コバルトおよび/またはマンガンから選択される遷移金属であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の正極活物質(A)(42)。
- 前記正極活物質(A)(42)が、式(IV):
x(LiMO2):1−x(Li2-zNazMnO3-yNy) (IV)
[式中、1>x≧0であり、
3>y>0であり、かつ酸素イオンO 2- が、1%〜10mol%の割合で、窒素イオンN 2- によって置き換えられ、かつ
2>z≧0である]
の化合物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項3記載の正極活物質(A)(42)。 - 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の正極活物質(A)(42)を含有する、バッテリーセル(2)の正極(22)。
- 前記正極活物質(A)(42)上に、フッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)を含有する被覆(52)が施与されていることを特徴とする、請求項5記載の正極(22)。
- 前記正極活物質(A)(42)上に、炭素を含有する被覆(52)が施与されていることを特徴とする、請求項5または6記載の正極(22)。
- 請求項5から7までのいずれか1項記載の正極(22)を少なくとも1つ有する、バッテリーセル(2)。
- 請求項8記載のバッテリーセル(2)の、電気自動車(EV)、ハイブリッド車(HEV)、プラグインハイブリッド車(PHEV)、道具、または消費者電子製品における使用。
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DE102015217747.5 | 2015-09-16 | ||
DE102015217747.5A DE102015217747A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2015-09-16 | Aktivmaterial für eine positive Elektrode einer Batteriezelle, postitive Elektrode und Batteriezelle |
PCT/EP2016/070809 WO2017045945A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2016-09-05 | Aktivmaterial für eine positive elektrode einer batteriezelle, postitive elektrode und batteriezelle |
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JP2018529198A JP2018529198A (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
JP6667623B2 true JP6667623B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
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US (1) | US10790502B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6667623B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108028382A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102015217747A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017045945A1 (ja) |
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JPH10334914A (ja) * | 1997-05-29 | 1998-12-18 | Sony Corp | 正極材料及びそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2006032321A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 活物質材料、その製造方法、およびそれを含む非水電解質二次電池 |
CN100344019C (zh) * | 2004-06-16 | 2007-10-17 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 活性物质材料、其制造方法及含该材料的非水电解质二次电池 |
JP4993891B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-22 | 2012-08-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR101259455B1 (ko) | 2008-08-05 | 2013-04-29 | 삭티3, 인크. | 기능적 경사형 구성요소들을 포함하는 전기화학 전지들 |
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