JP6666248B2 - 電気化学セル用インターコネクタ又は端板としての粉末冶金成形品 - Google Patents
電気化学セル用インターコネクタ又は端板としての粉末冶金成形品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6666248B2 JP6666248B2 JP2016537044A JP2016537044A JP6666248B2 JP 6666248 B2 JP6666248 B2 JP 6666248B2 JP 2016537044 A JP2016537044 A JP 2016537044A JP 2016537044 A JP2016537044 A JP 2016537044A JP 6666248 B2 JP6666248 B2 JP 6666248B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- molded article
- oxide
- chromium
- pores
- core region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Cr 3 O 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004442 gravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
- A61H33/06—Artificial hot-air or cold-air baths; Steam or gas baths or douches, e.g. sauna or Finnish baths
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
- A61H33/06—Artificial hot-air or cold-air baths; Steam or gas baths or douches, e.g. sauna or Finnish baths
- A61H33/063—Heaters specifically designed therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/0625—Warming the body, e.g. hyperthermia treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/006—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of flat products, e.g. sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0026—Matrix based on Ni, Co, Cr or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/02—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes heated or cooled
- A61H2201/0221—Mechanism for heating or cooling
- A61H2201/0228—Mechanism for heating or cooling heated by an electric resistance element
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
- A61N2005/0636—Irradiating the whole body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
- A61N2005/0659—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0664—Details
- A61N2005/0667—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
- B22F2003/242—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/005—Article surface comprising protrusions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/03—Oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
a)主面の一方又は両方に形成される構造物付きのフローフィールドの準備
b)成形品の十分な安定性の付与
c)成形品全体の均一な温度分布の達成
d)プロセス上安全な製造ルーチンの準備
Cr含有量(Cr=クロム)88重量%以上及び以下98重量%以下。
Fe含有量(Fe=鉄) 2重量%以上及び12重量%。
場合によって添加物、例えばY添加物(Y=イットリウム)(例えば0.07重量%のY)。
これにより、高い耐腐食性及び好適には(例えばY2O3又はSc2O3で)完全安定化された酸化ジルコニウム(特に電解質支持型の電気化学セルの場合)から形成される電解質の材料に対する熱膨張率の良好な適合性が達成される。一実施態様によれば(全金属含有量に対する)クロムの比率は90重量%以上である。クロム含有量が増えるにつれて熱伝導率が高められ(均質な温度分布が達成可能であり)、熱膨張率は低下する(適応する電解質材料、例えば完全安定化された酸化ジルコニウム、への熱膨張率の適合性が向上する)。
A)全金属含有量に関してクロム含有量が80重量%以上であり、クロムを含む粉末成分の少なくとも一部がBET法表面積0.05m2/g以上、特に0.07m2/g以上、好適には0.25m2/g以上、を有する粉末バッチを調達する。
B)この粉末バッチを(特に500〜1,000MPaの範囲の圧縮成形圧で)圧粉体に圧縮成形し、
C)圧粉体を(有利には水素雰囲気下で)1,100〜1,500℃で焼結する。
成形品の全クロム成分は、請求項19によって製造された粉末によって用意されると有利である。しかし、コストの理由から、特に請求項19の方法により製造されたBET法表面積0.05m2/g以上の粉末を、(例えばアルミノテルミット法により製造された)従来の粉末と混合することも有利に可能であり、これにより、同様に更に十分な安定性と良好な圧縮性が達成される。
の酸素1モル毎に、0.75〜1.25モル、好適には0.90〜1.05モル、の炭素が使用される。これは、クロム化合物との反応に供される炭素の量を意味する。特に有利な実施変形例では、O:Cの比は、約0.98であり、やや化学量論以下である。固体炭素源は、好適には、カーボンブラック、活性炭、黒鉛、炭素遊離化合物又はこれらの混合物の群から選ばれる。炭素遊離化合物の例としては、例えばCr3O2、Cr7O3及びCr23O6等の炭化クロム、が挙げられる。粉末混合物は、H2含有雰囲気中でTRに加熱される。この場合、H2圧力は、好適には、少なくとも800°〜1,050℃の温度範囲で、5〜500ミリバールのCH4分圧が生じるように調整される。TRでの等温段階及び室内温度への冷却は、同様に有利には、水素雰囲気中で行なわれる。このプロセス段階中に炭化水素の存在は必要ない。水素は、このプロセス段階中及び冷却段階中に、再酸化プロセスを阻止する。冷却段階中は、好適には、露点が−40℃未満の水素雰囲気が使用される。
レーザー屈折で測定された平均粒径d50=0.9μm(図3の粉末モルフォロジー参照)を有する顔料グレード(ランクセス社、バイオキシドCGN−R)のCr2O3の500gをH2(75体積%)−CH4(25体積%)(流量150L/h、圧力約1バール)中で、800℃に80分間、加熱した。続いて、反応混合物をゆっくりと1,200℃に加熱したが、その際反応混合物は、325分間、800〜1,200℃の温度範囲にあった。その後、反応混合物を、20分掛けて、TR(TR=1,400℃)に加熱した。1,400℃での保持時間は180分であった。1,200℃からTRへの加熱及びTRでの保持は、露点が−40℃未満の乾燥水素の供給下に行なわれ、圧力は約1バールであった。炉の冷却は、同様に、露点が−40℃未満のH2下で行なわれた。容易に粉末に解凝集可能な金属スポンジが得られた。
続いて、微細Cr粉末95重量%(BET法表面積0.05m2/g以上、粒径画分45〜250μmの流動性の良い粉末に顆粒化され、例えば上述のクロム粉末取得方法により作られたもの)及びFeYマスター合金(Y:0.8重量%、粒径が100μm未満の合金)5重量%からなる粉末バッチが作られる。粉末バッチには、圧縮成形補助剤(ワックス)1重量%が添加される。続いてこの混合物は、15分以上、回転筒ミキサで混合される。
この混合物を鋳型に充填し、500〜1,000MPaの特定の圧縮成形圧(この場合は、例えば800MPa)で圧縮成形して圧粉体を得た。続いて、圧縮材の脱ろうの目的で、圧粉体の予備焼結が500〜1,000℃(この場合は、例えば900℃)で、20分間(最高温度での時間)水素雰囲気下に、コンベア炉で行なわれた。予備焼結後に、更なる緻密化と合金形成の目的で、部品の高温焼結が1,100℃〜1,450℃(この場合、例えば1,450℃)で1〜7時間(最高温度での時間、この場合、例えば7時間)水素雰囲気下に行なわれた。続いて部品の酸化が950℃で10〜30時間(この場合は、例えば20時間)実施され、存在するおそれのある残留気孔をなくし、透過性を十分に小さくする。酸化部品の表面は、酸化層が全面的なサンドブラスト工程により除去される。
2段階圧縮成形工程の利点及び詳細な説明は、例えば米国特許第8173063B2号明細書に記載されている。クロム粉末取得及び粉末バッチの製造は、上述の説明のように行なわれる。圧縮成形工程を含む圧粉体の製造及び予備焼結の工程は、1回圧縮成形の実施例と同様に行なわれる。予備焼結後、予備焼結された部品の較正圧縮成形が500〜1,000MPaの特定圧縮成形圧(この場合は、例えば800MPa)で行なわれた。続いて高温焼結、酸化並びにサンドブラス工程による加工が1回圧縮成形の実施例と同様に実施される。
定量的画像分析のために、成形品をダイヤモンドワイヤ鋸で主面に垂直に約20mmのエッジ長のセグメントに切断した。切断面は、フローフィールドを横切るものとした。切断箇所は、水洗いしてから乾燥された。乾燥された切断箇所は、エポキシ樹脂に包埋された。少なくとも8時間の硬化時間後に、試料の切断エッジが金属組織学的に調整された。即ち、後に部品強度に関する検査が行なわれるようにされた。調合は以下の工程を含む。
・粒度240、320、400、800、1,000、1,200、2,400グリットの固く結合したSiCペーパーによる150〜240Nでの粉砕
・9μmのAl2O3のラッピングペーパー(Laepppapier)による微粉砕
・最初に粒度3μm、次に1μmのダイヤモンドサスペンションによる研磨
・粒度0.04μmのダイヤモンドサスペンションでの最終研磨
・超音波浴中での試料の洗浄
・試料の乾燥
・気孔中の開放気孔及び場合によって部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔の体積並びに酸化物封入物(即ち、開放気孔体積を有しない)が一緒に“気孔/酸化物封入物”として検知されるようにグレイスケール閾値を設定する。 ・測定フレーム、ここでは全画像領域、を固定する。
・測定のオプション:相当直径による分類
・検出調整:暗黒物体、孔充填、エッジ粒子除去、オープン リコンストラクト
撮影時にも撮像の分析時にもフィルタ機能は使用されない。「気孔/酸化物封入物」(上記に規定)が後方散乱電子像で金属マトリックスよりも暗く現れるので、検出調整時に「暗黒物体」は、「気孔/酸化物封入物」(上記に規定)として規定しなければならない。例えば、金属酸化物による気孔体積の部分的な充填に基づき、このような気孔体積と金属酸化物充填との組合せは、対象物、従って(上記の気孔/酸化物封入物の面積の評価用の)「面」とは検知されない。これらの組合せ及びそれらの面を総合面として検出するため「孔充填」オプションが利用される。「エッジ粒子除去」オプションにより、画像面の縁範囲における不完全な「気孔/酸化物封入物」(上記に規定)は、評価に斟酌されない。
・気孔の表面積比(%)
・気孔/酸化物封入物(上記に規定)の密度(l/mm2)
・個々の気孔/酸化物封入物の相当直径(μm)
・個々の気孔/酸化物封入物の面積(μm2)
4 主面
5 構造物
6 フローフィールド
8 周辺側端
10 周辺側端
12 端部領域
14 スリット状開口
16 周辺側端
18 周辺側端
20 隆起部
22 凹部
24 主延在方向
26 主面
28 フローフィールド
30 構造物
32 隆起部
34 凹部
36 端板
Claims (18)
- 電気化学セル用のインターコネクタ(2)又は端板(36)を形成する粉末冶金成形品であって、
該成形品が、
・少なくとも80重量%のクロムを含有し、
・板状の基本形状及び成形品の一方又は両方の主面(4、26)上に形成されたプロセスガスを案内するための1つ又は複数のフローフィールド(6、28)を有し、
ここで前記主面(4、26)がフローフィールド(6、28)の領域に、それぞれ成形品内において、成形品外部に向かって形成された多数のノブ状又は尾根形状の隆起部(20、32)とその間にある凹部(22、34)とを備えた構造物(5、30)を有し、
成形品の前記主面(4、26)に沿って測定された最大直径Dmaxが320mm以下であり、この最大直径D max の、フローフィールド(6、28)に沿って延在し、一主面又は両主面から成形体内部に突出する凹部が届かず、従って、構造物(5、30)の形成に関与しない成形品のコア領域の最小厚さdmin に対する比が140≦Dmax/dmin≦350の範囲にあり、g表示した成形品の全重量のcm2表示した主面のサイズに対する比が1.1(g/cm 2 )以下であることを特徴とする成形品。 - 成形品の両主面(4、26)に、それぞれ正確に1つのフローフィールド(6、28)が、フローフィールド(6、28)を完全に又は部分的に囲む端部領域(12)を有して又は有しないで、形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成形品。
- 成形品の両主面(4、26)にそれぞれフローフィールド(6,28)が形成され、互いに対向するフローフィールド(6、28)の構造物(5、30)が主面(4、26)に沿ってほぼ互いに平行にある主延在方向を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の成形品。
- 成形品が4つの周辺側端(8、10、16、18)を有し、そのうちそれぞれ互いに対向する2つの周辺側端(8、10、16,18)が互いに平行にあり、最長周辺側端の辺長Lmax の成形品のコア領域の最小厚さdmin に対する比が110以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- mm2(平方ミリメートル)表示した主面(4、26)の面積のmm(ミリメートル)表示した成形品のコア領域の最小厚さdmin に対する比が1.3×104 (mm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- フローフィールド(6、28)の領域の成形品の最大厚さdmaxが2.3mm(ミリメートル)以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- 成形品のコア領域の最小厚さdminが1.1mm(ミリメートル)以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- 成形品の主面(4、26)に沿って測定された最大直径Dmaxが200mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- コア領域において、それぞれ100μm 2 (平方マイクロメートル)以上の面積を有する空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の表面積の、空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の全面積に対する比率が、成形品のコア領域を厚み方向に沿った切断面に置かれた測定面の走査電子顕微鏡撮影による定量的画像分析によって評価して、60%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- コア領域において、それぞれ70μm2(平方マイクロメートル)以上の面積を有する空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の表面積の、空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の全面積に対する比率が、成形品のコア領域を厚み方向に沿った切断面に置かれた測定面の走査電子顕微鏡撮影による定量的画像分析によって評価して、70%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- コア領域においてそれぞれ50μm2(平方マイクロメートル)以上の面積を有する空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の表面積の、空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の全面積に対する比率が、成形品のコア領域を厚み方向に沿った切断面に置かれた測定面の走査電子顕微鏡撮影による定量的画像分析によって評価して、80%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- コア領域において空孔及び部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔並びに酸化物封入物の表面積比率Pが、それらが完全に観察測定面内にある場合、この測定面の全面積に対して、成形品のコア領域を厚み方向に沿った切断面に置かれた測定面の走査電子顕微鏡撮影による定量的画像分析によって評価して、80%≦(1−P)≦95%であることを特徴とする請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。
- コア領域に空孔又は部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔及び酸化物封入物の均一分布があり、コア領域における空孔又は部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔と酸化物封入物の平均距離λが9μm以下であり、平均距離λは、次式
により算出され、ここで2aは、気孔又は酸化物封入物の平均相当直径、Pは、完全に観察測定面内にある限り、空孔又は部分的に金属酸化物で充填された気孔及び酸化物封入物の表面積比率であり、値2a及びPは、成形品のコア領域を厚み方向に沿った切断面に置かれた測定面の走査電子顕微鏡撮影による定量的画像分析によって評価されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の成形品。 - 次の工程A)全金属含有量に基づいて80重量%以上のクロム含有量を有し、クロム含有粉末の少なくとも一部のBET法表面積が0.05m2/g以上である粉末バッチを準備する工程、
B)この粉末バッチを圧粉体に圧縮成形する工程、C)圧粉体を1,100から1,500℃で焼結する工程を有する請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の粉末冶金成形品の製造方法。 - 圧縮成形工程(工程B)と焼結工程(工程C)との間に、圧粉体の500〜1,000℃での予備焼結が行なわれることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 焼結工程(工程C)後に得られた成形品を酸素源の存在下に酸化し、続いて酸化層を成形品表面の少なくとも一部から除去することを特徴とする請求項14又は15に記載の方法。
- 圧縮成形工程(工程B)が成形品の製造中に実施される唯一の圧縮成形工程を形成することを特徴とする請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 粉末バッチ準備工程(工程A)の枠内で、BET法表面積が0.05m2/g以上でありクロム含有量が90重量%以上であるクロム含有粉末が、酸化クロム及び水酸化クロムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物の還元により、固体炭素源を添加して又は添加なしに、水素及び炭化水素の少なくとも一時的作用下に製造され、少なくとも部分的に粉末バッチに添加されることを特徴とする請求項14〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM282/2013U AT14144U1 (de) | 2013-09-02 | 2013-09-02 | Pulvermetallurgisches Formteil |
ATGM282/2013 | 2013-09-02 | ||
PCT/AT2014/000158 WO2015027254A1 (de) | 2013-09-02 | 2014-08-19 | Pulvermetallurgisches formteil als interkonnektor oder endplatte für eine elektrochemische zelle |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016535411A JP2016535411A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
JP2016535411A5 JP2016535411A5 (ja) | 2017-07-06 |
JP6666248B2 true JP6666248B2 (ja) | 2020-03-13 |
Family
ID=52585284
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016537044A Active JP6666248B2 (ja) | 2013-09-02 | 2014-08-19 | 電気化学セル用インターコネクタ又は端板としての粉末冶金成形品 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10651480B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2789325A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6666248B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102229845B1 (ja) |
AT (2) | AT513501B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2920129C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK3042413T3 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI619289B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015027254A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017220299A (ja) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-14 | トヨタ紡織株式会社 | エンドプレート |
DE102022117934A1 (de) | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-18 | Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Infrarotstrahler |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0378812A1 (de) | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-25 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Anordnung von Brennstoffzellen auf der Basis eines Hochtemperatur-Feststoffelektrolyten aus stabilisiertem Zirkonoxyd zur Erzielung höchsmöglicher Leistung |
ATE137361T1 (de) * | 1992-07-16 | 1996-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Material für die metallischen komponenten von hochtemperatur-brennstoffzellen-anlagen |
IT1270878B (it) | 1993-04-30 | 1997-05-13 | Permelec Spa Nora | Migliorata cella elettrochimica utilizzante membrane a scambio ionico e piatti bipolari metallici |
AUPN876896A0 (en) | 1996-03-18 | 1996-04-18 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | An electrical interconnect for a planar fuel cell |
US5942347A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1999-08-24 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell separator plate |
DE19739158A1 (de) * | 1997-09-06 | 1999-04-22 | Schulze Andreas Dipl Ing | Vorrichtung zum therapeutischen oder kosmetischen UVA1-Hochdosis-Bestrahlen der Haut |
US6322919B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-11-27 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same |
CN1229886C (zh) * | 1999-12-06 | 2005-11-30 | 日立化成工业株式会社 | 燃料电池、燃料电池隔板及其制造方法 |
US7049021B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2006-05-23 | Osaka Gas Company Limited | Conductive composition for solid polymer type fuel cell separator, solid polymer type fuel cell separator, solid polymer type fuel cell and solid polymer type fuel cell system using the separator |
AT4737U1 (de) | 2001-01-15 | 2001-11-26 | Plansee Ag | Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung hochdichter formteile |
ATE450060T1 (de) * | 2001-02-15 | 2009-12-15 | Panasonic Corp | Polymer-elektrolyt-typ-brennstofzelle |
AT6260U1 (de) | 2002-08-01 | 2003-07-25 | Plansee Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines formteiles |
US20050053819A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-03-10 | Paz Eduardo E. | Solid oxide fuel cell interconnect with catalyst coating |
DE102004009869B4 (de) * | 2004-02-26 | 2010-12-30 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Kontaktplatte für Brennstoffzellen, Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellenstapel sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kontaktplatte |
WO2006126638A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Seikoh Giken Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池セパレータの成形金型、燃料電池セパレータの製造方法および燃料電池セパレータ |
DE202005013117U1 (de) * | 2005-08-17 | 2005-12-08 | Jokey Plastik Sohland Gmbh | Wärmebehandlungskabine |
US20080199738A1 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell interconnect |
EP2168632A3 (de) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-05-05 | Lothos Spa GmbH | Wärme- und/oder Infrarotkabine |
AT11237U1 (de) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-15 | Delfin Handelsges M B H | Vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung mit einer infrarot-wärmestrahleranordnung |
AT11555U1 (de) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-12-15 | Plansee Se | Interkonnektor einer festelektrolyt-hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelle |
US10040121B2 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2018-08-07 | Porite Taiwan Co., Ltd. | Method for forming an interconnect of a solid oxide fuel cell |
AT11799U1 (de) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-05-15 | Plansee Se | Formteil |
JP2011249146A (ja) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-08 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 燃料電池セパレータの製造方法 |
US20120265275A1 (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-18 | Kiremitci Kirkor | Oscillating photo light therapy device |
AT12696U1 (de) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-10-15 | Plansee Se | Formteil |
AT12731U1 (de) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-10-15 | Abatec Products Gmbh | Infrarotstrahler |
TWI549347B (zh) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-09-11 | 博隆能源股份有限公司 | 使用粉末冶金術製造燃料電池之互連體之方法 |
US8962219B2 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2015-02-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell interconnects and methods of fabrication |
-
2013
- 2013-04-11 AT ATA282/2013A patent/AT513501B1/de active
- 2013-09-02 AT ATGM282/2013U patent/AT14144U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-03-04 EP EP14000767.5A patent/EP2789325A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-05 TW TW103126723A patent/TWI619289B/zh active
- 2014-08-19 DK DK14789127.9T patent/DK3042413T3/da active
- 2014-08-19 JP JP2016537044A patent/JP6666248B2/ja active Active
- 2014-08-19 KR KR1020167004246A patent/KR102229845B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-08-19 EP EP14789127.9A patent/EP3042413B1/de active Active
- 2014-08-19 CA CA2920129A patent/CA2920129C/en active Active
- 2014-08-19 WO PCT/AT2014/000158 patent/WO2015027254A1/de active Application Filing
-
2016
- 2016-03-01 US US15/057,546 patent/US10651480B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2789325A1 (de) | 2014-10-15 |
EP3042413B1 (de) | 2017-10-25 |
AT513501A4 (de) | 2014-05-15 |
KR102229845B1 (ko) | 2021-03-19 |
TWI619289B (zh) | 2018-03-21 |
AT14144U1 (de) | 2015-05-15 |
US20160181624A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
DK3042413T3 (da) | 2018-01-29 |
WO2015027254A1 (de) | 2015-03-05 |
CA2920129C (en) | 2022-04-26 |
CA2920129A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
KR20160051749A (ko) | 2016-05-11 |
EP3042413A1 (de) | 2016-07-13 |
TW201526352A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
AT513501B1 (de) | 2014-05-15 |
US10651480B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
JP2016535411A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102259470B1 (ko) | 크롬 함유 분말 또는 과립형 분말 | |
Gibson et al. | Sinterability of commercial 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders and the effect of sintered density on the ionic conductivity | |
US8535848B2 (en) | Structured body for an anode used in fuel cells | |
US7597978B2 (en) | Anode of solid oxide fuel cell with networking structure and a method of its preparation | |
TWI549348B (zh) | 燃料電池之互連體及製造方法 | |
Hassan et al. | Influence of alumina dopant on the properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia for SOFC applications | |
JP6666248B2 (ja) | 電気化学セル用インターコネクタ又は端板としての粉末冶金成形品 | |
KR20150065940A (ko) | 이트리아-안정화 지르코니아 용융 분말 | |
CN108283023B (zh) | 燃料电池 | |
KR101572477B1 (ko) | 고체산화물형 연료전지의 지지체를 겸하는 연료극 및 그의 제조방법 | |
KR20130116072A (ko) | 융합된 서멧으로 이루어진 분말화된 그릿 | |
Meschke et al. | Porous Ni/TiO2 substrates for planar solid oxide fuel cell applications | |
TWI623625B (zh) | 粉末冶金組份 | |
Wijayasinghe et al. | LiFeO2–LiCoO2–NiO materials for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell cathodes. Part II. Fabrication and characterization of porous gas diffusion cathodes | |
EP2688128A1 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell | |
Fang et al. | Effect of platinum on sintering morphology of porous YSZ ceramics | |
JP6837122B2 (ja) | 電気化学セル | |
KR20120007807A (ko) | 고주파 유도가열 소결을 이용한 다공성 복합재료의 제조방법 및 이에 의한 고체산화물 연료전지용 음극지지체 | |
Song et al. | Improved multi-functionality of Ni/YSZ cermet anode by optimizing fabrication processes | |
JP2011081955A (ja) | 高気孔率の燃料極を形成可能な燃料極材料及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170523 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170523 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20180419 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180424 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20180720 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180921 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190305 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20190604 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20190801 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190826 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20200204 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20200220 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6666248 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |