JP6656145B2 - 電気自動車用室温/中温電池のためのハイブリッド溶融/固体ナトリウムアノード - Google Patents
電気自動車用室温/中温電池のためのハイブリッド溶融/固体ナトリウムアノード Download PDFInfo
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- JP6656145B2 JP6656145B2 JP2016517051A JP2016517051A JP6656145B2 JP 6656145 B2 JP6656145 B2 JP 6656145B2 JP 2016517051 A JP2016517051 A JP 2016517051A JP 2016517051 A JP2016517051 A JP 2016517051A JP 6656145 B2 JP6656145 B2 JP 6656145B2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 title claims description 147
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 127
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 title claims description 126
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004754 hybrid cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IHTFTOGFXXXQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-B [C+4].[C+4].[C+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [C+4].[C+4].[C+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IHTFTOGFXXXQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000283070 Equus zebra Species 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910014103 Na-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014147 Na—S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021585 Nickel(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018605 Ni—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYFQHAWGTOOVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[C+4].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[C+4].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] OYFQHAWGTOOVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
- H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
x=4、6又は8
x=4、6又は8
Claims (18)
- イオン液体から成る陽極液溶液の補給部と接触しているナトリウムアノードから成るアノード室と、イオン液体から成る陰極液溶液の補給部と接触しているカソードと、陽極液から陰極液を分離し、平面構造を有する固体NaSICON膜とから成る電気自動車用ナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池であって、陽極液溶液を構成するイオン液体は、ナトリウム金属および液体状ナトリウムの密度と異なる密度を有し、ナトリウムアノードの融点より低い温度においてナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池が作動している場合にナトリウムアノードは固体状であり、陽極液溶液を構成するイオン液体は、陽極液溶液が固体状ナトリウムアノードと固体NaSICON膜との間に配置され、ナトリウムアノードの融点以上の温度においてナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池が作動している際にナトリウムアノードは溶融状であり、溶融状ナトリウムアノードは固体NaSICON膜に直接接触するように構成され、電池は垂直に平面構造が積層された二極構造を有することを特徴とする電気自動車用ナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池。
- ハイブリッド電池が、−30℃〜130℃の温度範囲を超えて作動する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- ナトリウムアノードを溶融する熱が、熱源によって供給される請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 熱源が電気自動車の稼働からの廃熱から成る請求項3に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 熱源がヒーターである請求項3に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- アノード室が、更に陽極液溶液注入口と陽極液溶液排出口と陽極液溶液注入口および陽極液溶液排出口の間に配置される陽極液溶液リザーバーとを有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 更にカソードを収納するカソード室および陰極液溶液補給部を有し、カソード室は、更に陰極液溶液注入口と陰極液溶液排出口と陰極液溶液注入口および陰極液溶液排出口の間に配置される陰極液溶液リザーバーとを有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 更に、ナトリウムアノードと電気的に接触しているアノード集電体と、カソードと電気的に接触しているカソード集電体とを有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 更にアノード集電体およびカソード集電体の近傍に配置される二極エンドプレートを有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 陽極液溶液が、溶解されたナトリウムイオンを含むイオン液体(IL)から成る請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 陽極液溶液が、更に、クロロアルミン酸塩アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸塩(TFB)アニオン、トリフラート(TFO)アニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(FSI)アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(TFSI)アニオン、アルキルイミダゾリウム(IM)カチオン、ピロリジニウム(PY)カチオン及び非対称4級アンモニウム(QA)カチオンから選択される一つ以上の有機または無機イオンを含む請求項10に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- ナトリウムアノードと連結し、ハイブリッド電池の作動中にナトリウムアノードの所定体積を蓄えているナトリウムリザーバーを更に有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- 更に、ナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池の外側ケースの温度を52℃以下に維持するために外側ケース上に設置される絶縁体を有する請求項1に記載のハイブリッド電池。
- ナトリウムイオンを溶解し、ナトリウムによって劣化せず且つナトリウム金属および液体状ナトリウムの密度と異なる密度を有するイオン液体から成る陽極液溶液の補給部と接触しているナトリウムアノードから成るアノード室と、イオン液体から成る陰極液溶液の補給部と接触しているカソードと、陽極液から陰極液を分離する固体NaSICON膜とから成る電気自動車用ナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池を得る工程と;陽極液を構成するイオン液体は、陽極液溶液が固体状ナトリウムアノードと固体NaSICON膜との間に配置され、陽極液溶液が固体状ナトリウムアノードを固体NaSICON膜から分離するようにナトリウムアノードの融点より低い温度においてナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池を作動させる工程と;ナトリウムアノードを溶融状態に変換するように、ナトリウムアノードの融点以上の温度にナトリウムアノードを加熱する工程と;ナトリウムアノードが溶融して固体NaSICON膜に直接接触するように、ナトリウムアノードの融点以上の温度でナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池を作動させる工程とから成る電気自動車用ナトリウムアノードハイブリッド電池を作動させる方法。
- アノード室が、更に陽極液溶液注入口と陽極液溶液排出口と陽極液溶液注入口および陽極液溶液排出口の間に配置される陽極液溶液リザーバーとを有し、更にナトリウムアノードが固体状で陽極液溶液をアノード室に循環させる工程を有する請求項14に記載のハイブリッド電池を作動させる方法。
- 更にナトリウムアノードが固体状で陽極液溶液をアノード室に循環させることを中止する工程を有する請求項15に記載のハイブリッド電池を作動させる方法。
- 更にナトリウムアノードが固体状でハイブリッド電池を充電する工程を有する請求項14に記載のハイブリッド電池を作動させる方法。
- 陽極液溶液が、クロロアルミン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸(TFB)アニオン、トリフラート(TFO)アニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(FSI)アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(TFSI)アニオン、アルキルイミダゾリウム(IM)カチオン、ピロリジニウム(PY)カチオン及び非対称4級アンモニウム(QA)カチオンから選択される1つ以上の有機イオンまたは無機イオンを含むイオン液体(IL)から成る請求項14に記載のハイブリッド電池を作動させる方法。
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