JP6610254B2 - リチウムイオン電池用活物質粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用活物質粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6610254B2 JP6610254B2 JP2015529361A JP2015529361A JP6610254B2 JP 6610254 B2 JP6610254 B2 JP 6610254B2 JP 2015529361 A JP2015529361 A JP 2015529361A JP 2015529361 A JP2015529361 A JP 2015529361A JP 6610254 B2 JP6610254 B2 JP 6610254B2
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- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- active material
- lithium ion
- particles
- ion battery
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 96
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910004499 Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical class CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N (9E)-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015868 MSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910016485 Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLAKLHPPDDLST-HZJYTTRNSA-N (9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCCN GOLAKLHPPDDLST-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YURNCBVQZBJDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC=CC(O)=O YURNCBVQZBJDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920007859 Kynar® HSV 900 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003762 Li(Mn1/3Ni1/3CO1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-tetracosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N gadoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Linolensaeure Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940116202 nickel sulfate hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
走査型電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテク社製 S−5500)を用いて30個以上60個以下の粒子が一視野に入る倍率で粒子を観察し、視野内のすべての粒子の粒子径の平均を平均粒子径とした。各粒子の粒子径は、粒子の最大径と最小径の平均とした。
X線回折装置であるブルカーエイエックスエス株式会社製D8 ADVANCEを用い2θ=5°から70°までステップ角0.040°、ステップタイム70.4秒の条件下で測定することで行った。また、結晶子サイズの算出はD8 ADVANCE付属のリートベルト解析ソフトTOPASを用いて行った。
活物質粒子900重量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業株式会社製 デンカブラック(登録商標))50重量部、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(アルケマ株式会社 Kynar HSV900)50重量部、溶剤としてN-メチルピロリドン1200重量をプラネタリーミキサーで混合して、電極ペーストを得た。当該電極ペーストをアルミニウム箔(厚さ18μm)にドクターブレード(300μm)を用いて塗布し、80℃30分間乾燥して電極板を得た。作製した電極板を直径15.9mmに切り出して正極とし、直径16.1mm厚さ0.2mmに切り出したリチウム箔を負極とし、直径20mmに切り出したセルガード(登録商標)#2400(セルガード社製)をセパレータとし、LiPF6を1M含有するエチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート=3:7(体積比)の溶媒を電解液として、2032型コイン電池を作製し、電気化学評価を行った。測定は、充放電測定をレート0.1Cで3回行った後続けて3Cで3回行い、各レートの3回目の放電時の容量を放電容量とした。
[実施例1]Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2の製造
硫酸マンガン一水和物1.69g、硫酸コバルト七水和物2.81g、硫酸ニッケル六水和物2.63gを純水100gに溶解させて第1の原料溶液とした。また、炭酸ナトリウム3.18gを純水100gに溶解させて第2の原料溶液とした。2つの原料溶液を混合した際に、混合液のpHが8となるよう、第2の原料溶液に0.8gの28%アンモニア水を添加した。流路径が約200μmであり、合流地点にて流路が直角に曲がる乱流機構を有するマイクロリアクタを装着したナノヴェイタL−ED(吉田機械興業株式会社製)にて第1の原料溶液および第2の原料溶液を該マイクロリアクタ内流路に流し、それぞれ20MPaの加圧下で、該マイクロリアクタ内流路の合流点で1:1の割合で混合し、固形分として(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)CO3粒子を得た。平均粒径を算出すると132.2nmであった。得られたナノ粒子を水酸化リチウム一水和物1.28gと混合し、大気雰囲気下800℃にて焼成することで、平均粒径252.3nm、結晶子サイズ201.2nm、平均粒径に対する結晶子サイズが0.80であるLi(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2を得た。得られたLi(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2を上記Cに従い、理論容量を160mAh/gとして充放電特性を評価したところ、放電容量として0.1Cにて145mAh/g,3Cにて135mAh/gを得た。
水酸化リチウム一水和物2.52gを純水15gへ溶解し、ジエチレングリコール26.0gを加えて第1の原料溶液とした。硫酸鉄(II)七水和物5.56gとアスコルビン酸1gを純水12gに溶解させ、リン酸水溶液(85%)2.3gを加えた後、ジエチレングリコール17.3gを加えて第2の原料溶液とした。
硫酸鉄(II)七水和物5.56gを硫酸マンガン一水和物3.38gに変えた以外は実施例2と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池用活物質粒子を得た。得られた粒子の結晶相の同定を行うと、LiMnPO4であることが確認できた。また、上記Bに従い、平均粒径を算出すると43.3nm、結晶子サイズは39.8nm、結晶子サイズ(nm)/平均粒径(nm)は0.92であった。得られたリン酸マンガンリチウムをグルコースと4:1の重量比で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気下にて700℃で6時間焼成することで、リン酸マンガンリチウムにカーボンコートを施した。得られたカーボンコートリン酸鉄リチウムを上記Cに従い、理論容量を171mAh/gとして充放電特性を評価したところ、放電容量として0.1Cにて136mAh/g,3Cにて102mAh/gを得た。
実施例1の第1の原料溶液をマグネティックスターラーで撹拌しつつ、アンモニアを添加することでpH=8を維持しつつ、第2の原料溶液を滴下し、固形分としての(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)CO3粒子を得た。平均粒径を算出すると384.5nmであり、粒径は粗大化した。得られたナノ粒子を水酸化リチウム一水和物1.28gと混合し、大気雰囲気下800℃にて焼成することで、リチウムイオン電池用活物質粒子として平均粒径789.5nm、結晶子サイズ531.9nm、結晶子サイズ(nm)/平均粒径(nm)が0.67と粒径が粗大化し、結晶性が低下したLi(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2を得た。得られたLi(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2を上記Cに従い、理論容量を160mAh/gとして充放電特性を評価したところ、放電容量は0.1Cにて133mAh/g,3Cにて124mAh/gであった。
実施例2の第1の原料溶液をホットプレートスターラーにて300rpmで撹拌しつつ80℃まで加熱し、同じく80℃まで加熱した第2の原料溶液を滴下し固形分を得た。得られた固形物の結晶相の同定を行うと、LiFePO4以外にLi3PO4が存在することがわかった。また、平均粒径を算出しようとしたが、LiFePO4と不純物が混在するため、測定できなかった。
実施例3において第1の原料溶液をホットプレートスターラーにて300rpmで撹拌しつつ80℃まで加熱し、80℃まで加熱した第2の原料溶液を滴下し固形物を得た。得られた固形物を結晶相の同定を行うとLiMnPO4以外にMn5(HPO4)2(PO4)2・4H2OやLi3PO4などの不純物相が存在することがわかった。また、上記Aに従い平均粒径を算出しようとしたが、LiMnPO4と不純物が混在するため、測定できなかった。
Claims (6)
- 混合により化学反応を誘発してリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子を生成し得る複数の原料溶液を、0.3MPa以上500MPa以下の加圧下でそれぞれ原料供給用流路に流し、該原料供給用流路の合流点で前記複数の原料溶液を混合せしめ、前記合流点で前記化学反応により連続的にリチウムイオン電池用活物質粒子を生成する工程を有するリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法において、前記複数の原料溶液が、Li塩を溶解させた第1の原料溶液と、Mn塩およびリン酸化合物を溶解させた第2の原料溶液との組み合わせであり、前記複数の原料溶液を、前記原料供給用流路の合流点における混合直後に前記化学反応の誘発に必要な温度以上である60℃以上120℃以下となるよう混合前に温度調整することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法。
- 前記原料供給用流路の前記合流点直前における流路径が0.05mm以上3mm以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法。
- 前記原料供給用流路の合流点付近で合流後の前記原料溶液に乱流を与える、請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法。
- 前記化学反応が中和反応を含む、請求項1〜請求項3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法。
- 前記原料溶液の溶媒が配位性溶媒である、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系活物質粒子の製造方法。
- 前記化学反応により連続的にリチウムイオン電池活物質粒子を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池用オリビン系正極活物質粒子の製造方法。
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