JP6594878B2 - 遷移金属酸化物粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
遷移金属酸化物粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6594878B2 JP6594878B2 JP2016537355A JP2016537355A JP6594878B2 JP 6594878 B2 JP6594878 B2 JP 6594878B2 JP 2016537355 A JP2016537355 A JP 2016537355A JP 2016537355 A JP2016537355 A JP 2016537355A JP 6594878 B2 JP6594878 B2 JP 6594878B2
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- particles
- metal oxide
- transition metal
- oxide particles
- electrolyte solution
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1O[C@H](CN1C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/21—Manganese oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C5/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses
- C25C5/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses from solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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Description
MnSO4・H2O(0.43g,2.5mmol)および硫酸(0.25g,2.6mmol)を脱イオン水249.32g中に含んでなる電解質を300mlのビーカー内で調製した。2枚のステンレスプレート(幅:50mm、厚さ:1mm)を上記電解質中に深さ50mmに浸漬した。上記ステンレスプレートを定電位電解装置(ポテンシオスタット)に接続し、MnO2粒子を合成するためにパルス電流を印加した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、14.97Vおよび0.67Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、9.97Vおよび0.88Aとした。粒子やフィルムの形成はいずれの電極でも観察されなかった。
ステンレスアノードを同サイズ(幅:50mm、厚さ:1mm、深さ50mmに浸漬)のアルミニウムシートに置き換えて、比較例1の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、14.96Vおよび0.08Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、9.97Vおよび0.67Aとした。粒子やフィルムの形成はいずれの電極でも観察されなかった。
ステンレスアノードを略同サイズ(幅:50mm、厚さ:1mm、深さ50mmに浸漬)の鉛シートに置き換えて、比較例1の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、14.96Vおよび0.59Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、9.97Vおよび0.93Aとした。合成を5分間行ったところ、最初は無色透明であった溶液が固体粒子の形成により黒色になった。粒子は容器の底に沈殿し、2日以内に保存した。透明な電解質を粒子からデカンテーションで除去し、粒子を脱イオン水に再分散し、沈殿させ、そして、回収・乾燥した。SEM写真により、サブミクロン粒子が得られたことが確認された。
MnSO4・H2O(1.29g,7.6mmol)および硫酸(0.75g,7.7mmol)を脱イオン水247.96g中に含んでなる電解質を使用して実施例1の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、9.98Vおよび0.84Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、4.98Vおよび1.01Aとした。合成を7分間行ったところ、最初は無色透明であった溶液が固体粒子の形成により黒色になった。粒子は容器の底に沈殿し、2日以内に保存した。透明な電解質を粒子からデカンテーションで除去し、粒子を脱イオン水に再分散し、沈殿させ、そして、回収・乾燥した。SEM写真によれば、粒子はサブミクロンのサイズであった。
MnSO4・H2O(1.29g,7.6mmol)および硫酸(0.75g,7.7mmol)を脱イオン水247.96g中に含んでなる電解質を使用して実施例1の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、6.98Vおよび1.01Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、1.98Vおよび1.18Aとした。合成を15分間行い、粒子を上述のとおり回収した。SEM写真(図3を参照)によれば、粒子はサブミクロンのサイズであった。
256cm2サイズの電極を使用して実施例2の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、11.983Vおよび8.03Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、8.96Vおよび9.83Aとした。合成を2時間行い、粒子を上述のとおり回収した。SEM写真によれば、粒子はサブミクロンのサイズであり、プロセスが拡張可能であることが示された。XRDにより、上記物質が結晶性であることが確認された(図4)。
MnSO4・H2O(2.6g,15.2mmol)および硫酸(1.5g,15.4mmol)を脱イオン水245.9g中に含んでなる電解質を使用して実施例2の実験を繰り返した。順方向パルス電圧および電流は、それぞれ、4.69Vおよび1.01Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、2.48Vおよび2.11Aとした。最初は無色透明であった溶液が黒色になり、1時間後に透明になった。固体沈殿物が電解セルの底に観察され、実施例2よりも大きいサイズの粒子を含んでいた。
順方向パルス電圧および電流を、それぞれ、9.49Vおよび3.13Aとし、逆方向については、それぞれ、12.47Vおよび6.52Aとして、実施例5の実験を繰り返した。最初は無色透明であった溶液が非常に迅速に黒色になった。SEM写真によれば粒子はサブミクロンのサイズであり、電流の増加によりプロセスが加速化されることが示された。
実施例1のMnO2ナノ粒子を硝酸銀のエタノール溶液と混合し、次いで激しく4時間室温で撹拌することにより、MnO2ナノ粒子を銀でコートした。この銀被覆粒子を分離・乾燥した。上記銀被覆MnO2粉体を高温で焼成した。あるいは、硝酸銀処理プロセスを行う前に、まず、MnO2粒子をSnCl2またはSnCl2/PdCl2処理シークエンスで処理することができる。
102 アノード
103 任意の超音波パルセータ
104 定電位電解装置
105 電解質
Claims (44)
- a)遷移金属塩、および、
b)可溶性導電性向上化合物を、一緒にまたは別々に水と混合して電解質溶液を形成する工程であって、前記電解質溶液は、鉛アノードであるアノードと、カソードとの間に提供される工程と;
前記溶液に定電圧パルス電解を行って、前記アノードで金属酸化物粒子の形成を発生させる工程であって、前記金属酸化物粒子は、前記アノードから離間して前記電解質溶液内に戻る工程と;
任意で、前記電解質溶液から前記金属酸化物粒子を分離する工程とを、含む、金属酸化物粒子の製造方法。 - 形成された前記金属酸化物は、ZnO、In2O3、RuO2、IrO2、CrO2、MnO2、ReO3から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成された前記金属酸化物は、Ce、Zr、Zn、Co、Fe、Mg、Gd、Ti、Sn、Ru、Mn、Cr、Cuから選択される1つ以上の金属の金属酸化物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子は前記アノード上で形成され、即座に前記アノードから離間して、前記電解質溶液中で遊離するナノ粒子になる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードにおける前記金属酸化物粒子の形成は酸化反応である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 形成された前記金属酸化物粒子は酸化マンガン粒子である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質溶液から分離された前記酸化マンガン粒子の平均直径は10ミクロン未満である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子の平均直径は1ミクロン未満である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子は球形である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子の平均直径は0.5ミクロン未満である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 溶液中の遊離粒子の収率は40%よりも大きい、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記定電圧パルス電解は、前記電極間に印加される一連の電圧パルスを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 電解中に前記電解質溶液に超音波を付与する工程を更に含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質溶液のpHは7未満である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質溶液の導電性は1〜30mS/cmである、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードはアレイであり、複数のマイクロメートルサイズまたはサブマイクロメートルサイズの電極を含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記定電圧パルス電解は、パルス幅が1秒未満である一連の電圧パルスを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩は、Ni、W、Pb、Ti、Zn、V、Fe、Co、Cr、Mo、Mn、Ruから選択される遷移金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属は早期遷移金属である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩は硝酸塩、硫酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩、または、ハロゲン塩である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性導電性向上化合物は酸である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性導電性向上化合物は、硫酸、硝酸、塩素含有酸、リン酸、または、炭酸である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性導電性向上化合物はハロゲンを含有する塩または酸である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性導電性向上化合物は塩である、請求項1〜20、23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性導電性向上化合物は極性共有結合化合物である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記極性共有結合化合物はHCl、HBr、HI、HNO3、H3PO4、または、H2SO4である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩は後期遷移金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩および前記可溶性導電性向上化合物は、両方とも、同じ硝酸塩、硫酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩、または、ハロゲン基を含む、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩および前記導電性向上化合物に加えて、有機溶媒が前記溶液中に添加される、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は脂肪族酸である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 分離された前記酸化物粒子は、一次電池または充電式電池に添加される、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 形成された前記金属酸化物粒子の平均最大寸法は800nm未満である、請求項1〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子の最大寸法は0.2〜0.7ミクロンである、請求項1〜32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩は、周期表の第4行、第5行、第6行または第7行から選択される遷移金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ろ過前において、形成された全ての前記金属酸化物は溶液中の粒子である、請求項1〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電極で形成された全ての前記金属酸化物は、当該電極に付着したままの金属酸化物を残さずに、前記電解質中に粒子として分離する、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質のpHは1〜2であり、導電性は5〜15mS/cmである、請求項1〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質溶液は、粒子形成中、50〜90℃に加熱される、請求項1〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子を前記電解質溶液から分離する前記工程は、前記粒子を経時で前記電解質溶液中で沈殿させ、前記電解質溶液を除去し、次いで、残存する前記粒子を洗浄および乾燥する工程を含む、請求項1〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物を前記電解質溶液から分離する前記工程は、液体サイクロンまたはデカンタ式の遠心分離工程を含む、請求項1〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 全ての前記粒子は、最大寸法が1ミクロン未満である、請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移金属塩は、前記アノードにおいてアノード酸化されることが可能な、周期表の第4〜第7行つまり第4〜第7周期から選択される遷移金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成された前記金属酸化物は、銀、銅、ニッケル、チタンもしくはそれらの酸化物、グラフェン、グラファイト、カーボンナノチューブ、金、白金、または、パラジウムで更にコートされる、請求項1〜42のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 結晶性金属酸化物粒子を形成する工程を含む、請求項1〜43のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US4295943A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1981-10-20 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies S.A. | Process for the electrolytic production of manganese dioxide |
US4604336A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-08-05 | Union Carbide Corporation | Manganese dioxide and process for the production thereof |
US5312457A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-05-17 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Use of hydroquinone to precondition manganese dioxide for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells |
US5277890A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-01-11 | Duracell Inc. | Process for producing manganese dioxide |
CN1286733C (zh) | 1998-11-09 | 2006-11-29 | 美商纳克公司 | 含氧化锰的颗粒的收集物及其生产方法 |
US6214198B1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2001-04-10 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Llc | Method of producing high discharge capacity electrolytic manganese dioxide |
DE10104302A1 (de) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Elektrochemische Herstellung von nanoskaliger Metall(misch)oxiden |
IL141528A0 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-03-10 | Chemergy Ltd | Barium manganese salt cathodes for alkaline batteries |
WO2008023597A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Toda Kogyo Corp. | Corps poreux de nano-aiguille de dioxyde de manganèse de type r, nano-aiguille de dioxyde de manganèse de type r constituant celui-ci, oxyde de manganèse hydrogénée, matériau absorbant le rayonnement infra-rouge, filtre infrarouge et leurs procédés de production |
PL212865B1 (pl) | 2009-03-20 | 2012-12-31 | Inst Chemii Przemyslowej Im Prof Ignacego Moscickiego | Sposób otrzymywania proszków i nanoproszków miedzi z elektrolitów przemyslowych, takze odpadowych |
NL2005112C2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-23 | Univ Leiden | Process to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles. |
KR20130132897A (ko) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-12-05 | 미쓰이 긴조꾸 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 2차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
EP2677066B1 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2018-08-29 | Tosoh Corporation | Electrolytic manganese dioxide and method for producing same, and method for producing lithium-manganese complex oxide |
CN102243373B (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2014-06-25 | 南京英田光学工程有限公司 | 远距离特大出瞳直径透镜式检测仪光学系统 |
CN102242373B (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2013-07-10 | 中南大学 | 一种粉末状电解二氧化锰的制备方法 |
US9290853B2 (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2016-03-22 | Saratoga Energy Research Partners, LLC | Electrolytic generation of graphite |
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- 2014-08-28 CN CN201480058951.2A patent/CN105940145B/zh active Active
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FI20135869A (fi) | 2015-03-01 |
US10385464B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
CN105940145A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
FI124942B (fi) | 2015-03-31 |
WO2015028718A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
CN105940145B (zh) | 2019-07-12 |
JP2016531832A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
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