JP6580988B2 - 燃焼に対して改善された安全性を有するLiイオン電池 - Google Patents
燃焼に対して改善された安全性を有するLiイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6580988B2 JP6580988B2 JP2015530073A JP2015530073A JP6580988B2 JP 6580988 B2 JP6580988 B2 JP 6580988B2 JP 2015530073 A JP2015530073 A JP 2015530073A JP 2015530073 A JP2015530073 A JP 2015530073A JP 6580988 B2 JP6580988 B2 JP 6580988B2
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 187
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 64
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 52
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 52
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010702 perfluoropolyether Substances 0.000 description 6
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trifluoride Chemical class FN(F)F GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical class FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012056 semi-solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/1245—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure characterised by the external coating on the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
(a)フッ素化材料は、好ましくは、燃焼阻止機能を有する非フッ素化材料の担体材料ではない。したがって、フッ素化材料は、非フッ素化材料に対する結合機能を実質的に有しない。フッ素化材料の主要な機能は燃焼の阻止である。フッ素化材料が非フッ素化材料を含有する場合、フッ素化材料が含有する非フッ素化材料の量は、好ましくはフッ素化材料および非フッ素化材料の合計の重量の15重量%以下であり、より好ましくは10重量%以下、さらにより好ましくは、5重量%以下であり、簡単にするため、最も好ましくは全く含有しない。
電池72の最上層および底部層を形成する金属箔74、
各金属箔層に隣接するフッ素化材料層76、
層76の1つに隣接するアノード集電体層78、
アノード集電体層78に隣接するイオン活性層80、
他方のフッ素化材料層76に隣接するカソード集電体層82、
カソード集電体層82に隣接するイオン活性層84、および層80および84の間に配置される多孔質のセパレータ層86。
(−CFCF3−CF2−O−)n(I)
(−CF2−CF2−CF2−O−)n(II)
(−CF2−CF2−O−)n−(−CF2−O−)m(III)
(−CF2−CFCF3−O−)n−(−CF2−O−)m(IV)
である。これらの構造はKasai,J.Appl.Polymer Sci.57,797(1995)において議論されており、これらは特定のKRYTOX(登録商標)およびFOMBLIN(登録商標)製品として市販されている。好ましくはFPEは、FPEの鎖構造の一方の末端または両末端にカルボキシル基を有する。モノカルボキシルFPEの場合、分子の他方の末端は、通常は過フッ素化されるが、水素原子を含有する場合もある。本発明で使用可能な一方または両方の末端にカルボキシル基を有するFPEは、少なくとも2つのエーテル酸素、より好ましくは少なくとも4つのエーテル酸素、さらにより好ましくは少なくとも6つのエーテル酸素を有し、すなわち上式中のnが少なくとも2、4、または6であり、上式中のmが少なくとも1、2、または3である。好ましくは、エーテル酸素を分離するフルオロカーボン基の少なくとも1つ、より好ましくはそのようなフルオロカーボン基の少なくとも2つが、2または3個の炭素原子を有する。さらにより好ましくは、エーテル酸素を分離する少なくとも50%のフルオロカーボン基が2または3個の炭素原子を有する。また、好ましくは、FPEは合計で少なくとも9個の炭素原子を有する。上式中のnおよびmの最大値によってFPEの物理的状態が決定される。FPE自体がフッ素化材料として使用される場合、すなわち他の材料とは全く混合されない場合、nおよびmの合計は、好ましくはFPEが少なくとも半固体となるのに十分な値である。2種類以上のFPEをフッ素化材料として使用できるが、好ましくは1種類のみのそのようなFPEが使用される。市販されるときのFPEは通常、得られるnまたはmの値が、FPE中に存在するn基およびm基の平均数であるFPEの混合物であるので、FPEは組成物と見なされる。
この実施例においては、図3中に示されるアレイ中のLiイオン電池は、それぞれ4.8vであり、ケース中の電池パックでは19.2の電圧が得られる。フッ素化材料は、メルトフローレート(MFR)が30g/10分であり、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン含有量が10重量%であるテトラフルオロエチレン/ヘキサフルオロプロピレンコポリマー(FEP)を含む半固体混合物である。このコポリマーは、分子量(Mn)が50,000を超え、溶融温度が255℃である。この混合物はパテのコンシステンシーを有する。このコポリマーは、約300マイクロメートルの平均粒度を有する二次粒子の形態である。このコポリマーは、5MPaを超える引張強度を示す固体コポリマーであり、不安定性末端基数/106炭素原子が500を超える末端基数で示されるように熱不安定化可能であり、その少なくとも90%は−COOHであり、残りは−CONH2を含む。この混合物は
CF3CF2CF2−O−(−CFCF3−CF2−O−)n−CFCF3−COOH
(式中のnは平均で14であり、分子量が約2500となる)
をフッ素化組成物として含み、これは周囲温度において液体であり、100℃を超える沸騰温度を有する。これらの成分を周囲温度において50:50の重量比で互いにブレンドし、電池パックケース内の電池およびコネクタ(バス(buss))にハンドこてで塗布して、図3および4に示される被覆を得る。この電池パックには、電池パックケース内の特定の位置の内部温度を監視するための熱電対が取り付けられる。釘を、電池パックケースを通してLiイオン電池の1つに突き刺して、短絡を生じさせる。突き刺される電池は、熱電対の近くに配置された電池である。この熱電対によって測定される温度が急上昇するので、熱電対によって、釘によって電池に短絡が生じたことが分かる。ケースから出る蒸気は目に見える。蒸気が発火し、これは半固体混合物コーティングによって直ちに消火される。
混合物の代わりに、各電池に巻き付けた厚さ6ミル(150マイクロメートル)のFEPフィルムを使用したことを除けば実施例Iの実験を繰り返すと、燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様となる。
混合物の代わりに、各電池に巻き付けた厚さ6ミル(150マイクロメートル)のPTFEフィルムを使用したことを除けば実施例Iの実験を繰り返すと、燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様となる。
それぞれの電池に、最初に実施例2のFEPフィルムを巻き付け、次に上記混合物をフィルムラップの上から電池に塗布することを除けば実施例1の実験を繰り返す。燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様である。
TFE/HFPコポリマーの代わりに平均粒度が7マイクロメートルのPTFEマイクロパウダーを使用し、マイクロパウダーおよびFPEの合計重量を基準としたマイクロパウダーの比率が25重量%であることを除けば実施例1の実験を繰り返す。燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様である。
実施例1の電池パックを使用し実施例1のように試験するが、半固体混合物は存在せず、電池パックケースは、ケース構成材料としてPFAでできている。燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様である。
実施例4および6の実験を繰り返し、FEPフィルムラップおよびPFAケースの組み合わせを使用した燃焼阻止結果は実施例1の結果と同様である。
分子量2500のフルオロポリエーテルの代わりに、同じ分子構造を有するがn基の数が大きく分子量が約7500となるフルオロポリエーテルを使用することを除けば実施例1の実験を繰り返す。得られる半固体混合物では、実施例1と同様の燃焼阻止結果が得られる。
FEPの代わりに実施例5のPTFEマイクロパウダーを使用することを除けば実施例8の実験を繰り返すと、同様の燃焼阻止結果が得られる。
HFP含有量が7.6重量%であり、エチレン共重合単位によって得られる水素の重量が0.13重量%である厚さ5ミルのテトラフルオロエチレン/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン/エチレンコポリマーのフィルムであることを除けば実施例2の実験を繰り返す。このコポリマーは、コポリマーを製造するための重合中の連鎖移動剤として使用されるエタンに由来する−C2H5末端基として、より少量の水素も存在する(0.006重量%)。コポリマーは分子量(Mn)が50,000を超え、MFRが30g/10秒である。フィルムは、コポリマーの285℃の溶融温度よりもわずかに高い温度で圧縮成形することで作製される。燃焼結果は実施例1の結果と同様である。
TFE/HFP/エチレンコポリマーフィルムを缶の内側の缶と電池の電極との間に配置することを除けば実施例10の実験を繰り返すと、燃焼結果は実施例1の結果と同様となる。
Claims (10)
- Liイオン電池であって、前記電池による燃焼を阻止するために有効に配置されたフッ素化材料を有し、前記フッ素化材料が、15〜25℃の周囲温度および1気圧(1MPa)の圧力では非気体および非液体であり、かつ、それ自体が前記電池による前記燃焼の阻止のために有効であり、前記フッ素化材料が、固体フルオロポリマーと液体フルオロポリエーテルを半固体状態で含む、Liイオン電池。
- 前記フッ素化材料が前記電池の少なくとも近傍にある、請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 前記電池の筐体を形成する缶を含み、前記フッ素化材料が前記缶の内側および外側に配置される、請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 前記電池に接触するフルオロポリマーフィルムを更に含む、請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 前記固体フルオロポリマーが熱不安定化可能なフルオロポリマーである、請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 半固体状態の前記フッ素化材料が前記フィルム上にコーティングを形成する、請求項4に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 前記液体フルオロポリエーテルが15〜25℃の周囲温度および1気圧(1MPa)の圧力では液体であるが、別のフッ素化材料との非液体混合物として15〜25℃の周囲温度および1気圧(1MPa)の圧力で存在する、請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池。
- 請求項1に記載のLiイオン電池と、前記Liイオン電池が含まれるケースとを含む、 電池パック。
- 追加のフッ素化材料を更に含み、前記追加のフッ素化材料が前記ケースの少なくとも内 面を形成している、請求項8に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ケースが追加のフッ素化材料を固体状態で含む、請求項8に記載の電池パック。
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