JP6564767B2 - 光電変換装置 - Google Patents
光電変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6564767B2 JP6564767B2 JP2016512703A JP2016512703A JP6564767B2 JP 6564767 B2 JP6564767 B2 JP 6564767B2 JP 2016512703 A JP2016512703 A JP 2016512703A JP 2016512703 A JP2016512703 A JP 2016512703A JP 6564767 B2 JP6564767 B2 JP 6564767B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 367
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 40
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 38
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 38
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 28
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AUEPDNOBDJYBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[C-]#[O+] Chemical compound [Si].[C-]#[O+] AUEPDNOBDJYBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005011 time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002042 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type
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- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022441—Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0376—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors
- H01L31/03762—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
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- H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer or HIT® solar cells; solar cells
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
以下、図面を参照し、本発明の実施の形態を詳しく説明する。図中同一または相当部分には同一符号を付してその説明は繰り返さない。なお、説明を分かりやすくするために、以下で参照する図面においては、構成が簡略化または模式化して示されたり、一部の構成部材が省略されたりしている。また、各図に示された構成部材間の寸法比は、必ずしも実際の寸法比を示すものではない。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子1の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子1は、基板10(シリコン基板)、真性非晶質層11および13、p型非晶質層12(第1導電型非晶質層)、n型非晶質層14(第2導電型非晶質層)、透明導電膜15(導電膜)および16、ならびに電極17および18を備えている。
図2A〜図2Eを参照して、光電変換素子1の製造方法の一例を説明する。
本実施形態の効果を説明するため、比較例にかかる光電変換素子99について説明する。図3は、光電変換素子99の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子99は、光電変換素子1の構成から、p−層122を削除した構成である。
図7は、第1の実施形態の変形例にかかる光電変換素子1Aの構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子1Aは、光電変換素子1のp型非晶質層12に代えて、p型非晶質層12Aを備えている。
図8は、第1の実施形態の他の変形例にかかる光電変換素子1Bの構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子1Bは、光電変換素子1のp型非晶質層12に代えて、p型非晶質層12Bを備えている。
図9は、本発明の第2の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子2の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子2は、光電変換素子1のp型非晶質層12に代えて、p型非晶質層22を備えている。
図10は、本発明の第3の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子3の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子3は、光電変換素子1のp型非晶質層12に代えて、p型非晶質層32を備えている。
図11は、第3の実施形態の変形例にかかる光電変換素子3Aの構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子3Aは、光電変換素子3のp型非晶質層32に代えて、p型非晶質層32Aを備えている。
図12は、本発明の第4の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子4の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子4は、基板10、真性非晶質層41、43、および46、p型非晶質層42(第1導電型非晶質層)、n型非晶質層44(第2導電型非晶質層)、受光面n型非晶質層47、ならびに電極48(導電膜)および49を備えている。
図13A〜図13Gを参照して、光電変換素子4の製造方法の一例を説明する。
本実施形態によっても、p−層422によって、p層421から真性非晶質層41へのドーパントの拡散が抑制される。そのため、光電変換素子4は、変換効率および耐熱性に優れている。
図14は、第4の実施形態の変形例にかかる光電変換素子4Aの構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子4Aは、光電変換素子4の真性非晶質層41、43に代えて、基板10の一方の面の概略全面に形成された真性非晶質層41Aを備えている。光電変換素子4Aはさらに、p型非晶質層42に代えてp型非晶質層42Aを、n型非晶質層44に代えてn型非晶質層44Aを、それぞれ備えている。
図15A〜図15Fを参照して、光電変換素子4Aの製造方法の一例を説明する。
本変形例によっても、p−層422Aによって、p層421Aから真性非晶質層41へのドーパントの拡散が抑制される。そのため、光電変換素子4Aは、変換効率および耐熱性に優れている。
図19は、本発明の第5の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子5の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子5は、光電変換素子1のp型非晶質層12に代えて、p型非晶質層52を備えている。
本実施形態の効果を、図3に示した光電変換素子99と比較して説明する。
図29は、本発明の第6の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子6の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子6は、光電変換素子5のp型非晶質層52に代えて、p型非晶質層62を備えている。
図30は、本発明の第7の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子7の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子7は、光電変換素子5のp型非晶質層52に代えて、p型非晶質層72を備えている。
図31は、本発明の第8の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子8の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子8は、光電変換素子5のp型非晶質層52に代えて、p型非晶質層82を備えている。
図32は、本発明の第9の実施形態にかかる光電変換素子9の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子9は、光電変換素子4のp型非晶質層42に代えて、p型非晶質層92を備えている。
本実施形態によっても、P含有p層922によって、p層921から真性非晶質層41へのドーパントの拡散が抑制される。そのため、光電変換素子9は、変換効率および耐熱性に優れている。
図33は、第9の実施形態の変形例にかかる光電変換素子9Aの構成を模式的に示す断面図である。光電変換素子9Aは、光電変換素子9の真性非晶質層41、43に変えて、基板10の一方の面の概略全面に形成された真性非晶質層41Aを備えている。光電変換素子9Aはさらに、p型非晶質層92に代えてp型非晶質層92Aを、n型非晶質層44に代えてn型非晶質層44Aを備えている。
本変形例によっても、P含有p層922Aによって、p層921Aから真性非晶質層41Aへのドーパントの拡散が抑制される。そのため、光電変換素子9Aは、変換効率および耐熱性に優れている。
第10実施形態は、第1〜第9実施形態およびその変形例の光電変換素子のうち少なくとも1つを備える光電変換モジュールである。
図34は、本実施形態にかかる光電変換モジュールの構成の一例を示す概略図である。図34を参照して光電変換モジュール1000は、複数の光電変換素子1001と、カバー1002と、出力端子1013,1014とを備える。
第11実施形態は、第1〜第9実施形態およびその変形例の光電変換素子のうち少なくとも1つを備える太陽光発電システムである。本発明の光電変換素子は高い変換効率を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い変換効率を有することができる。なお、太陽光発電システムとは、光電変換モジュールが出力する電力を適宜変換して、商用電力系統または電気機器等に供給する装置である。
図35は、本実施形態にかかる太陽光発電システムの構成の一例を示す概略図である。図35を参照して、太陽光発電システム2000は、光電変換モジュールアレイ2001と、接続箱2002と、パワーコンディショナ2003と、分電盤2004と、電力メータ2005とを備える。後述するように光電変換モジュールアレイ2001は複数の光電変換モジュール1000(第10実施形態)から構成される。本発明の光電変換素子は高い変換効率を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い変換効率を有することができる。
太陽光発電システム2000の動作を説明する。
光電変換モジュールアレイ2001について説明する。
第12実施形態は、第11実施形態として説明した太陽光発電システムよりも大規模な太陽光発電システムである。第12実施形態にかかる太陽光発電システムも、第1〜第9実施形態およびその変形例の光電変換素子のうち少なくとも1つを備えるものである。本発明の光電変換素子は高い変換効率を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い変換効率を有することができる。
図37は、本実施形態にかかる太陽光発電システムの構成の他の一例を示す概略図である。図37を参照して、太陽光発電システム4000は、複数のサブシステム4001と、複数のパワーコンディショナ4003と、変圧器4004とを備える。太陽光発電システム4000は、図35に示す太陽光発電システム2000よりも大規模な太陽光発電システムである。本発明の光電変換素子は高い変換効率を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い変換効率を有することができる。
太陽光発電システム4000の動作を説明する。
Claims (5)
- シリコン基板と、
前記シリコン基板の一方の面に形成され、実質的に真性な真性非晶質層と、
前記真性非晶質層上に形成される第1導電型非晶質層とを備え、
前記第1導電型非晶質層は、第1濃度層と、前記第1濃度層に積層される第2濃度層とを含み、
前記第1導電型非晶質層の導電型はp型であり、
前記第2濃度層は、p型ドーパントおよびn型ドーパントを含有する、光電変換装置。 - 前記第2濃度層のn型ドーパントの濃度は、2×1016〜1×1020cm−3である、請求項1に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記第2濃度層は、前記真性非晶質層上に形成され、
前記第1濃度層は、前記第2濃度層上に形成される、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記第1導電型非晶質層上に形成された導電膜をさらに備え、
前記第1濃度層は、前記真性非晶質層上に形成され、
前記第2濃度層は、前記第1濃度層上に形成される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記第1導電型非晶質層は、前記第1濃度層および前記第2濃度層に積層され、前記第1濃度層のドーパントの拡散を抑制する第3濃度層をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換装置。
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