JP6559577B2 - 流体殺菌装置及び流体殺菌方法 - Google Patents
流体殺菌装置及び流体殺菌方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
旋盤等の工作機械では、切削液として、エチレングリコールを主成分としたクーラントが広く用いられている。このクーラントは、加工点の潤滑剤及び冷却剤としての機能を有しているが、使用とともにクーラント自体の温度が上昇することは避けられないので、空気中を浮遊しているバクテリア等がクーラントに溶け込んだ際には、もともとクーラントに含まれている有機成分を培地として、バクテリア等が繁殖し易い環境にある。このため、特に夏場ともなると、加工中に悪臭が放たれて、作業環境の悪化を招いている。また、バクテリアが産生する成分は、流体のpHを下げるため、加工製品や加工装置の錆や腐食を起こし、品質を低下させたり、加工装置の寿命を短縮したりする問題も生じる。更に、切削液中のカビの発生も大きな問題となる。カビが発生すると、液槽の壁に堆積物が付着するが、この堆積物がクーラントの性能を阻害し、特にろ過システムの性能を低下させる。カビの発生を抑えるために、真菌用の殺菌剤を使用すると、切削性能が変化してしまう場合があるため、特に高い精度を必要とする加工装置では好ましくない。このため、紫外光により切削液を殺菌することが求められている。
図1は、流体の一例である切削液の透過スペクトルの例を示す。この透過スペクトルは、市販されている切削液を用いて測定したものである。約290nm未満の波長の紫外光の透過率は15%未満と低いが、約290nm以上の波長の紫外光はあまり吸収されずに透過することが分かる。このような透過特性は、主に、切削液に添加されている下記の有機化合物が約290nm未満の紫外光を吸収することに由来すると考えられる。
図5は、紫外光による殺菌効果の波長依存性の例を示す。細菌やウィルスなどの核酸は、本図に示すように、波長が260nm付近である紫外光を良く吸収すると言われている。したがって、前述したように、従来の流体殺菌装置においては254nm付近の波長の紫外光が流体に照射されていた。しかし、本図からも分かるように、より長波長の紫外光であっても、310nm付近の波長までの範囲であれば、殺菌効果が期待できる。254nm付近の波長の紫外光よりも効果は低くなるが、照射する光量や時間などを増加させることにより解決可能であり、例えば290〜310nmの波長の紫外光を照射することによっても、確実に流体を殺菌することができる。290nm付近の波長の紫外光の照射による殺菌効果は約30%であり、最も殺菌効果の高い254nm付近の波長の紫外光を照射する場合に比べて殺菌効果は約1/3に低下するが、紫外光の照射エネルギーを約3倍に増加させれば同等の殺菌効果が得られる。これは、流体殺菌装置に応用するにあたって、十分に現実的な値である。
以上説明したように、殺菌の対象となる流体に含まれる芳香族化合物による紫外光の吸収を低く抑えるためには、290nm以上の波長の紫外光を照射することが好ましく、流体に含まれる細菌やウイルスなどを効果的に殺菌するためには、310nm以下の波長の紫外光を照射することが好ましい。
上記の波長の紫外光を流体に照射するための光源として、キセノンランプ、重水素ランプ、発光ダイオードなどが挙げられるが、キセノンランプ及び重水素ランプは、上記の波長以外の波長の光も発するので、熱線により流体の温度が上昇してしまうのを防ぐために、フィルターなどを用いる必要がある。したがって、上記の波長の紫外光を選択的に発することが可能な発光ダイオードを用いることがより好ましい。以下に、発光ダイオードを光源とする流体殺菌装置の構成について説明する。なお、説明において同一の要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
図6は、第1の実施の形態に係る流体殺菌装置10の構成を概略的に示す図である。流体殺菌装置10は、直管20と、流出管30と、光源40とを備える。光源40は、直管20の端部(第2端部22)に配置され、直管20の内部に向けて紫外光を照射する。流体殺菌装置10は、直管20の内部を流れる水などの流体に紫外光を照射して殺菌処理を施すために用いられる。
図11および図12は、第2の実施の形態に係る流体殺菌装置210の構成を概略的に示す断面図であり、図12は、図11のA−A線断面に対応する。流体殺菌装置210は、直管220と、流入管231と、流出管232と、複数の第1光源240aと、複数の第2光源240bとを備える。流体殺菌装置210は、流入管231および流出管232が直管220の中心軸上に配置され、L字状ではなく直線状の流路212が構成される点で上述の第1の実施の形態と相違する。以下、本実施の形態について第1の実施の形態との相違点を中心に述べる。
Claims (7)
- 流体を流すための流路と、
前記流路を流れる前記流体に向けて、290〜310nmの波長の紫外光を照射するLEDと、
を備え、
前記流体は、切削加工のための切削液、又は、製造過程における日本酒を含むことを特徴とする流体殺菌装置。 - 前記切削液は、エチレングリコール及びフェノール類を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の流体殺菌装置。
- 前記切削液に含まれるバクテリアを殺菌するために紫外光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の流体殺菌装置。
- 前記日本酒は、フェノール類又は芳香族アミノ酸を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の流体殺菌装置。
- 前記日本酒に含まれる乳酸菌を殺菌するために紫外光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1又は4に記載の流体殺菌装置。
- 前記流路は、長手方向に延びる直管を含み、
前記流体は、前記流路を層流状態で流れ、
前記LEDは、前記長手方向と直交する前記流路の断面において中央付近の紫外光強度がその周囲の紫外光強度よりも高い強度分布となるように紫外光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の流体殺菌装置。 - 流路を流れる流体に向けて、290〜310nmの波長の紫外光を発光するLEDから光を照射し、
前記流体は、切削加工のための切削液、又は、製造過程における日本酒を含むことを特徴とする流体殺菌方法。
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