JP6530393B2 - Rna転写ベクター及びその使用 - Google Patents
Rna転写ベクター及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6530393B2 JP6530393B2 JP2016530224A JP2016530224A JP6530393B2 JP 6530393 B2 JP6530393 B2 JP 6530393B2 JP 2016530224 A JP2016530224 A JP 2016530224A JP 2016530224 A JP2016530224 A JP 2016530224A JP 6530393 B2 JP6530393 B2 JP 6530393B2
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Description
(i)上記転写可能な核酸配列が転写対象の上記RNAに対応する転写可能なDNA配列である、本発明によるベクターを準備する工程と、
(ii)上記転写可能なDNA配列をinvitroで転写する工程と、
を含む、方法を提供する。
1. 配列番号1に対して少なくとも80 %の配列同一性を有する翻訳エンハンサー(TE)配列と、転写可能な核酸配列と、配列番号4によって表される核内係留配列とを含む、核酸ベクター。
2. 上記転写可能な核酸配列がCD40L、CD70、caTLR4をコードするmRNA又は抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAを含むリストから選択される、請求項1に記載の核酸ベクター。
3. 上記翻訳エンハンサーが配列番号1、配列番号2、又は配列番号3のいずれか1つ、特に配列番号1によって表される、請求項1又は2に記載の核酸ベクター。
4. in vitro転写RNAの安定性及び/又は翻訳効率を増大する方法であって、
(i)上記転写可能な核酸配列が転写対象の上記RNAに対応する転写可能なDNA配列である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のベクターを準備する工程と、
(ii)上記転写可能なDNA配列をinvitroで転写する工程と、
を含む、方法。
5. 配列番号1に対して少なくとも80 %の配列同一性を有する翻訳エンハンサー(TE)と、転写可能な核酸配列と、配列番号4によって表される核内係留配列とを含む、RNA分子。
6. ポリAテールを更に含む、請求項5に記載のRNA分子。
7. 上記転写可能な核酸配列がCD40L、CD70、caTLR4をコードするmRNA又は抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAを含むリストから選択される、請求項5又は6に記載のRNA分子。
8. 上記翻訳エンハンサーが配列番号1によって表される、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子。
9. 請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の1つ又は複数のRNA分子を含む組成物。
10. 上記1つ又は複数のRNA分子がCD40L、CD70及びcaTLR4をコードするmRNA分子である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
11. 抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAをコードするmRNAを更に含む、請求項10に記載の組成物。
12. 宿主細胞への導入のための請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
13. 薬剤への使用のための請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
14. 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の1つ若しくは複数のベクター、請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の1つ若しくは複数のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含むキット。
翻訳の転写後調節は主に翻訳開始期に制御される。開始因子の複合体が5'CAP構造に結合し、リボソームサブユニットを動員する。次いで、この複合体は好適な状況でAUGコドンに遭遇するまでのmRNAに沿ったスキャニング動作を開始する。このプロセスの効率は、mRNAの5'及び3'UTR(非翻訳領域;UnTranslated Region)の両方の多数の構造的特徴によって制御され得る。これらの特徴としては、5'UTRのTOP(末端オリゴピリミジントラクト;Terminal OligoPyrimidine tract)領域、IRES(内部リボソーム導入部位;InternalRibosome Entry Site)及び上流のORF(オープンリーディングフレーム;Open Reading Frame)が挙げられる。3'UTRにおいては、CITE(Cap非依存性翻訳エンハンサー;Cap Independent Translation Enhancer)モチーフが記載されている。PABP(ポリA結合タンパク質;Poly-A Binding Protein)はCAP部位上のポリAテール及びeIF4複合体の両方に結合する必要があるため、ポリAテールの長さが翻訳開始において重要な役割を果たすことも示されている。
転写後遺伝子制御プロセスの重要性は、近年ますます明白になっている。これらのプロセス中でも、mRNA安定性の制御が相当な注目を受け始めている。mRNA分解が遺伝子発現に対して重大な影響を与え、mRNA減衰速度を環境及び発生シグナルに応答して調整することができるという認識の高まりにより、このプロセスの理解を目的とした精力的な研究努力が現在なされている。顕著な進展が見られ、過去20年にわたる研究によりmRNA分解の多数の一般的特徴が解明されている。
更なる実施形態では、本発明の核酸ベクターはバクテリオファージプロモーター、転写可能な核酸配列及びポリAテールを含むリストから選択される更なる要素を含有し得る。
(i)上記転写可能な核酸配列が転写対象の上記RNAに対応する転写可能なDNA配列である、本発明によるベクターを準備する工程と、
(ii)上記転写可能なDNA配列をinvitroで転写する工程と、
を含む、方法と、本方法によって得ることができるRNA分子とを提供する。
本発明の応用分野はワクチン接種、すなわち接種への修飾mRNAの使用、又は接種剤としての修飾mRNAを含む医薬組成物の使用、又は接種目的の医薬組成物の調製における修飾mRNAの使用である。ワクチン接種は抗原を生物又は被験体、特に生物又は被験体の細胞に導入することに基づく。本発明においては抗原をコードする遺伝情報を、抗原をコードする修飾mRNA及び/又は種々のTriMix mRNA鎖の形態で生物又は被験体に導入する。医薬組成物中に含まれる修飾「抗原」mRNAは抗原へと翻訳され、すなわち修飾mRNAによってコードされるポリペプチド又は抗原ペプチドが発現され、ポリペプチド又は抗原ペプチドに対する免疫応答が刺激される。病原性生物、例えばウイルス、細菌又は原生動物に対するワクチン接種では、かかる生物の表面抗原を、免疫応答を誘発させる抗原として使用することができる。本発明において、かかる表面抗原をコードする修飾mRNAを含む医薬組成物をワクチンとして使用することができる。遺伝子ワクチンを癌の治療に使用する用途では、腫瘍抗原(複数の場合もあり)、特に癌細胞のみに発現されるタンパク質をコードする修飾mRNAを生成することによって腫瘍抗原に対して免疫応答を指向する。腫瘍抗原をコードするかかる修飾mRNAは単独で又は本発明による医薬組成物の成分として使用することができ、修飾mRNA又はその組成物の投与は生物における癌抗原(複数の場合もあり)の発現をもたらす。したがって、かかるワクチンに対する免疫応答は、ワクチン接種した被験体に免疫癌抗原と関連する癌に対する或る程度の防御免疫を与える。代替的には、かかる手段は癌患者の免疫応答を刺激して、コードされた抗原を発現する任意の癌細胞を攻撃するために、患者の癌細胞で発現される腫瘍抗原(複数の場合もあり)をコードする修飾mRNAを用いた癌患者のワクチン接種に使用することができる。
したがって、本発明は癌、アレルギー、及び細菌感染、ウイルス感染又は真菌感染、例えばHIV感染等の感染性疾患、又は肝炎を含む非限定的なリストから選択される少なくとも1つの疾患又は障害を予防及び/又は治療する方法を更に提供する。
in vitro実験:単球由来DCの生成
末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)をDC前駆体の供給源として使用し、白血球搬出生成物から単離した。臨床グレードDCを、in vitroでプラスチック接着性画分から以下のように生成した。0日目に、PBMCを2 %自己血漿(AP)を添加した造血細胞培養に好適な培地中、10×106細胞/mLの密度でプレーティングした。細胞を2時間静置し、単球を37℃でプラスチック接着させた。非接着性細胞を洗浄によって除去し、接着性細胞をCell Factoryにおいて1 %AP、1000 U/mLのGM-CSF及び500U/mLのIL-4を添加した培地中で培養した。2日目及び4日目に、0日目のサイトカイン量を含有する培地をDC培養物に添加した。DC培養の6日目に細胞を採取し、凍結保存した。
6日目に、4〜8×106のDCを指定のようにmRNAを用いて電気穿孔した。電気穿孔前に、DCを初めにサプリメントを含まないPBS、続いてフェノールレッドを含まない低血清培地で2回洗浄した。2回目の洗浄工程の後、DCを、mRNAを含有する最終容量200 μlの低血清培地に再懸濁した。電気穿孔を4 mmギャップ電気穿孔キュベットにおいて行った。指数関数的減衰パルスを以下の条件:電圧、300 V;静電容量、150 μF及び抵抗、∞Ωで使用し、約11 msのパルス時間を得た。電気穿孔の直後に、DCを1 %huAB血清及びPS/L-GLUを添加した培地で希釈し、加湿5 %CO2雰囲気、37℃でインキュベートした。電気穿孔後にはDCに更なるサイトカインを添加しなかった。
雌性、6週齢〜12週齢のDBA/2マウス。
肥満細胞腫細胞株P815はC. Uyttenhove(ルーヴァン・カトリック大学(UniversiteCatholique de Louvain),Louvain-La-Neuve,Belgium)から得た。
触知腫瘍を成長させるために、実験で指定されるようにマウスの両脇腹に5×105のP815腫瘍細胞を皮下注射した。mRNAの腫瘍内送達のために、マウスをイソフルラン(Abbott)で麻酔した。腫瘍に10 μgの各TriMix mRNA成分を含有する混合物を、約100 mm3の容積に達するまで注射腫瘍当たり50 μlの0.8ハートマン液という最終容量で注射した。同量のmRNAを異なる群間で使用した。tNGFRをコードするmRNAは、対照となるpGEMベクターから作製した。
具体的な材料及び方法
iDCの生成及び電気穿孔を上記の一般的な材料及び方法の項に記載のように行う。iDCを5 μgのTriMixの各成分を用いて電気穿孔し、DCを成熟させた。全てのフローサイトメトリー染色をPBS/BSA/アジド中で行った。CD70の発現を分析するために、抗CD70フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)を使用した。データ収集をFACSFortessaフローサイトメーター(BD)で行い、FACS Divaソフトウェアを用いて分析した。
電気穿孔の24時間後に、DCをそのCD70表面発現について染色した。これらの結果から、TriMixを用いたiDCの電気穿孔後に、両方の調節要素(TE+ENE)を含有するpUC TE ENEプラスミド(配列番号5)によってコードされるTriMixを用いた電気穿孔後のCD70発現の強度(平均蛍光強度(MFI))がpUCベクター(pUC TE ENEプラスミドのベース)、pUC TEベクター及びpUC ENEベクターと比較した場合に顕著に高いことが示される。pUC TE ENEプラスミドによってコードされるTriMixを用いた電気穿孔後のCD70発現は顕著に高いが、pUC TE及びpUC ENEの両方の使用は、これらの要素を欠くpUCと比較して低下した又は最大でも同レベルのCD70発現をもたらす(図1)。したがって、ベクターにおける両方の要素(TE及びENE)の存在は、pUC TEENEプラスミドによってコードされるTriMixを用いた電気穿孔後のCD70発現の増大に関して予期せぬ相乗効果を有するようである。
具体的な材料及び方法:
iDCの生成及び電気穿孔条件は上記の一般的な材料及び方法の項に記載のように行う。iDCを20 μgのWT1をコードするmRNAを用いて電気穿孔し、抗原負荷を行った。細胞内WT1発現を分析するために、細胞を固定及び透過処理し、抗WT1モノクローナル抗体(クローン6F-H2;Dako Cytomation,Carpinteria,CA)で細胞内染色した。IgGアイソタイプ適合PE標識抗マウス抗体を二次Abとして使用した(Becton&Dickinson,Erembodegem,Belgium)。非反応性アイソタイプ適合抗体(eBioscience,Vienna,Austria)を対照として使用した。データ収集をFACSFortessaフローサイトメーター(BD)で行い、FACS Divaソフトウェアを用いて分析した。
これらの結果から、pUC TE ENEベクターによってコードされるWT1を用いたiDCの電気穿孔後に、他のWT1 mRNAをコードするベクターと比較してより持続的なWT1発現が観察されることが示される(図2)。これらのデータから、5'TE及び3'ENEセグメントの両方の異なる作用様式が良好に実証される。pUC-TEベクターからのmRNAの発現は4時間後に高く、急速に低下する。ENEを含有するRNAからの翻訳は、期間全体で他の全てよりも低い。pUC TE ENEベクターは、TEの高い翻訳可能性及び長期のENE配列効果を有する。WT1の発現レベルは、他のベクターよりも顕著に遅い速度で減少する。
具体的な材料及び方法:
iDCの生成及び電気穿孔条件は上記の一般的な材料及び方法の項に記載のように行う。iDCを5 μgのeGFPをコードするmRNA及びTriMix(5 μgの各成分)を用いて同時電気穿孔し、DCの抗原負荷及び成熟を行った。eGFP発現を幾つかの時点でフローサイトメトリーによって評価した。
eGFP発現を電気穿孔後の幾つかの時点で追跡した(図3)。これらの結果から、両ベクターからのeGFPの発現レベルが電気穿孔の4時間後に同等であることが示される。しかしながら、後の時点でpUC TE ENE由来mRNAからの発現が顕著により高いことが明らかである。この場合も、導入遺伝子のより安定した及び持続的な発現が示される。
具体的な材料及び方法:
iDCの生成及び電気穿孔条件を上記のように行う。iDCを5 μgのTriMixの各成分を用いて電気穿孔し、DCを成熟させた。全てのフローサイトメトリー染色をPBS/BSA/アジド中で行った。DCの細胞表面上の表面分子の発現を分析するために、以下のモノクローナル抗体:CD40-APC(アロフィコシアニン)、CD70-FITC、CD80-PE、CD83-PE(フィコエリトリン)、CD86-PE及びCCR7-APCを使用した。データ収集をFACSFortessaフローサイトメーター(BD)で行い、FACS Divaソフトウェアを用いて分析した。
pUC TE ENEベクターによってコードされるTriMix mRNAを用いたiDCの電気穿孔は、DCの成熟を誘導することが可能である(図4)。
具体的な材料及び方法:
触知腫瘍を成長させるために、マウスの両脇腹に5×105のP815腫瘍細胞を皮下接種した。両方の腫瘍が約100 mm3の注射可能容積に達した時点で療法を開始した。一方の腫瘍のみを治療する両側腫瘍モデルを用いて、ワクチン接種戦略の全身効果を評価することを目的とした。したがって、左の腫瘍のみに0.8×ハートマン液に溶解した対照mRNA又はpUC TE ENE TriMix mRNA(10 μgの各mRNA成分)を注射した。全身抗腫瘍免疫応答を、治療及び非治療の両方の対側腫瘍のサイズの測定並びに生存によって評価した。
両側腫瘍モデルを用いることで、免疫化戦略の全身効果を評価することができた。pUC TE ENE TriMix mRNAの単回腫瘍内送達により、治療及び非治療の両方の対側腫瘍の顕著な低減が得られた(図5)。遠隔腫瘍に対するワクチン接種の効果により、単回腫瘍内TriMix注射を多数の腫瘍病巣の治療に使用することができることが示唆され得る。
具体的な材料及び方法:
触知腫瘍を成長させるために、マウスの両脇腹に5×105のP815腫瘍細胞を皮下接種した。両方の腫瘍が約100 mm3の注射可能容積に達した時点で療法を開始した。一方の腫瘍のみを治療する両側腫瘍モデルを用いて、ワクチン接種戦略の全身効果を評価することを目的とした。したがって、左の腫瘍のみに全て50 μl/注射腫瘍の全容量で0.8×ハートマン液に溶解したビヒクル(0.8ハートマン液)、対照mRNA又はpUCTE ENE TriMix mRNA(10 μgの各mRNA成分)を注射した。全身抗腫瘍免疫応答を、治療及び非治療の両方の対側腫瘍のサイズの測定並びに生存によって評価した。
両側腫瘍モデルを用いることで、免疫化戦略の全身効果を評価することができた。この実験から以前の観察結果が確認される。すなわち、
1. pUC TE ENE TriMix mRNAの単回腫瘍内送達が、治療及び非治療の両方の対側腫瘍の腫瘍成長を顕著に低減した。
2. pUC TE ENE TriMix mRNAの単回腫瘍内送達(delivery)が担腫瘍マウスの持続的な生存をもたらした。
3. ワクチン接種の効果は、治療腫瘍でより顕著であった。
具体的な材料及び方法:
本明細書に関連する具体的なアッセイ方法に関する詳細は、上記の実施例2及び実施例3に見ることができる。
配列番号1、配列番号2又は配列番号3によって表されるTE要素のいずれかを含むpUC TE ENEベクターによってコードされるWT1(図9A)又はeGFP(図9B)を用いたiDCの電気穿孔は、それぞれWT1発現又はeGFP発現の顕著な差を生じなかった。
BonehillA, Tuyaerts S, Van Nuffel AM, Heirman C, Bos TJ, Fostier K, Neyns B, ThielemansK - Enhancing the T-cell stimulatory capacity of humandendritic cells by co-electroporation with CD40L, CD70 and constitutivelyactive TLR4 encoding mRNA. - Mol Ther.2008 Jun; 16(6):1170-80.
Conrad NK, Steitz JA - A Kaposi's sarcoma virus RNAelement that increases the nuclear abundance of intronless transcripts. -EMBO J. 2005 May 18;24(10):1831-41.
Conrad NK, Mili S, Marshall EL, Shu MD, Steitz JA - Identification of arapid mammalian deadenylation-dependent decay pathway and its inhibition by aviral RNA element. Mol Cell.2006;24:943-953.
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Fotin-Mleczek M, DuchardtKM, Lorenz C, Pfeiffer R, Ojkic -Zrna S, Probst J, Kallen KJ - Messenger RNA-based vaccineswith dual activity induce balanced TLR-7 dependent adaptive immune responsesand provide antitumor activity. - J Immunother. 2011 Jan;34(1):1-15.
Hu MC, Tranque P, Edelman GM, Mauro VP. - rRNA-complementarity in the 5' untranslated region of mRNA specifyingthe Gtx homeodomain protein: evidence that base- pairing to 18S rRNA affectstranslational efficiency. - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb16;96(4):1339-44.
Mitton-Fry RM, DeGregorio SJ, Wang J, Steitz TA,Steitz JA. - Poly(A) tail recognition by a viral RNA element through assemblyof a triple helix. - Science. 2010;330:1244-1247.
Sun R, Lin SF, Gradoville L, Miller G. -Polyadenylylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associatedherpesvirus. - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:11883-11888.
Van Lint Sandra, Goyvaerts Cleo, Maenhout Sarah, et al. - Preclinical Evaluation of TriMix and AntigenmRNA-Based Antitumor Therapy - CancerRes 2012;72:1661-1671.
24h post-electroporation 電気穿孔後24時間
expression 発現
図2
4h post-electroporation 電気穿孔後4時間
expression 発現
24hpost-electroporation 電気穿孔後24時間
48hpost-electroporation 電気穿孔後48時間
図3
expression 発現
hours afterelectroporation 電気穿孔後の時間
図4
24hpost-electroporation 電気穿孔後24時間
expression 発現
図5
Control mRNA 対照mRNA
Treated tumor 治療腫瘍
Tumor volume 腫瘍容積
Time aftertumor inoculation (days) 腫瘍接種後の時間(日)
ContralateralNon-treated tumor 対側非治療腫瘍
days afterP815 tumor inoculation P815腫瘍接種後の日数
Treated tumorControl mRNA 対照mRNA治療腫瘍
Non-treatedtumor Control mRNA 対照mRNA非治療腫瘍
Treated tumorTriMix mRNA TriMix mRNA治療腫瘍
Non-treatedtumor TriMix mRNA TriMix mRNA非治療腫瘍
Percentsurvival 生存率
Time afterP815 tumor inoculation (days) P815腫瘍接種後の時間(日)
mediansurvival 生存期間中央値
図6
Treated tumor 治療腫瘍
Tumor volume 腫瘍容積
Time aftertumor inoculation (days) 腫瘍接種後の時間(日)
Vehicle ビヒクル
Control mRNA 対照mRNA
ContralateralNon-treated tumor 対側非治療腫瘍
Treated tumorVehicle ビヒクル治療腫瘍
Non-treatedtumor Vehicle ビヒクル非治療腫瘍
Treated tumorControl mRNA 対照mRNA治療腫瘍
non-treatedtumor Control mRNA 対照mRNA非治療腫瘍
Treated tumorTriMix mRNA TriMix mRNA治療腫瘍
Non-treatedtumor TriMix mRNA TriMix mRNA非治療腫瘍
Percentsurvival 生存率
mediansurvival 生存期間中央値
図8
SEQ ID N゜ 配列番号
図9
expression 発現
Hours afterelectroporation 電気穿孔後の時間
Control 対照
SEQ ID N゜ 配列番号
Claims (13)
- 配列番号1に対して少なくとも89%の配列同一性を有する翻訳エンハンサー(TE)配列と、転写可能な核酸配列と、配列番号4によって表される核内係留配列とを含む、核酸ベクター。
- 前記転写可能な核酸配列がCD40LをコードするmRNA、CD70をコードするmRNA、caTLR4をコードするmRNA又は抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAからなるリストから選択される、請求項1に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記翻訳エンハンサーが配列番号1によって表される、請求項1又は2に記載の核酸ベクター。
- in vitro転写RNAの安定性及び/又は翻訳効率を増大する方法であって、
(i)前記転写可能な核酸配列が転写対象の前記RNAに対応する転写可能なDNA配列である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のベクターを準備する工程と、
(ii)前記転写可能なDNA配列をin vitroで転写する工程と、
を含む、方法。 - 配列番号1に対して少なくとも89%の配列同一性を有する翻訳エンハンサー(TE)と、転写可能な核酸配列と、配列番号4によって表される核内係留配列とを含む、RNA分子。
- ポリAテールを更に含む、請求項5に記載のRNA分子。
- 前記転写可能な核酸配列がCD40LをコードするmRNA、CD70をコードするmRNA、caTLR4をコードするmRNA又は抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAからなるリストから選択される、請求項5又は6に記載のRNA分子。
- 前記翻訳エンハンサーが配列番号1によって表される、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子。
- 請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の1つ又は複数のRNA分子を含む組成物。
- 抗原/疾患特異的なmRNAをコードするmRNAを更に含む、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 宿主細胞への導入のための請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 薬剤への使用のための請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の1つ若しくは複数のベクター、請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の1つ若しくは複数のRNA分子、又は請求項9〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含むキット。
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