JP6476525B2 - 重質炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒、及び重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 - Google Patents
重質炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒、及び重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6476525B2 JP6476525B2 JP2015539306A JP2015539306A JP6476525B2 JP 6476525 B2 JP6476525 B2 JP 6476525B2 JP 2015539306 A JP2015539306 A JP 2015539306A JP 2015539306 A JP2015539306 A JP 2015539306A JP 6476525 B2 JP6476525 B2 JP 6476525B2
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- catalyst
- oil
- heavy hydrocarbon
- hydrotreating
- hydrocarbon oil
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 113
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 51
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 92
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 asphaltene Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017313 Mo—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017318 Mo—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMTIXSZQYHAMLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Zn] Chemical compound [P].[Zn] JMTIXSZQYHAMLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007324 demetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
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Description
本願は、2013年9月27日に、日本に出願された特願2013−201799号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[1] 平均粒子径が2〜12μmの酸化亜鉛粒子を担体基準で1〜15質量%含有する亜鉛含有アルミナ担体に、少なくとも1種の周期表第6族金属が担持されており、平均細孔径が18〜35nmであり、比表面積が70〜150m2/gであることを特徴とする、重質炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒。
[2] 前記[1]の水素化処理触媒の存在下、温度300〜420℃、圧力3〜20MPa、水素/油比400〜3000m3/m3、及び液空間速度0.1〜3h-1の条件で、重質炭化水素油の接触反応を行うことを特徴とする、重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法。
なお、本発明及び本願明細書において、「担体基準、酸化物換算で」とは、担体中に含まれる全ての元素の質量をそれぞれの酸化物として算出し、その合計質量に対する酸化物質量の割合を意味する。亜鉛の酸化物質量は酸化亜鉛に換算して求める。
担体に含有させる酸化亜鉛粒子の平均粒子径が12μm以下であれば、アルミナとの相互作用が十分得られ、十分な貯蔵安定性がある水素化処理後の重質炭化水素油が得られる。一方で、担体に含有させる酸化亜鉛粒子の平均粒子径が2μm以上であると、リン・亜鉛含有アルミナ担体の製造時において亜鉛とアルミナが混合し易い。
なお、本発明において、「周期表第6族金属」とは、長周期型周期表における第6族金属を意味し、「周期表第8〜10族金属」とは、長周期型周期表における第8〜10族金属を意味する。
第二金属成分の担持量を増加させると、水素化処理活性、特に脱金属活性は増加するが、触媒寿命は短くなる傾向があり、減少させると、十分な水素化処理活性、特に脱金属活性が得られ難くなる傾向がある。
先ず、アルミナの原料を含む水溶液をゲル化し、生成したゲルを加熱熟成し、酸性水溶液処理、不純物の洗浄除去、水分調整を行うことによりアルミナゲルを得る。次いで、このアルミナゲルに酸化亜鉛粒子を混合する。次に、この混合物を、成型、乾燥、焼成等の通常の処理法で処理することにより、亜鉛含有アルミナ担体を調製する。この亜鉛含有アルミナ担体に、第6族金属を担持し、更に必要に応じて他の活性金属を担持することにより、水素化処理触媒を調製する。
本発明に係る水素化処理触媒を実際のプロセスに用いる際には、公知の触媒又は公知の無機質酸化物担体と混合して用いてもよい。
常圧蒸留残渣油と減圧蒸留残渣油とを混合する場合は、その性状にもよるが、混合割合としては、減圧蒸留残渣油が1〜60容量%程度となるように混合することが多い。
水素分圧が3MPa以上ならば、水素化反応が進行し易く、20MPa以下ならば適度に脱金属活性が向上し触媒寿命が長くなる。
水素/油比が400m3/m3以上では水素化活性が改善され、3000m3/m3以下であれば、経済性に優れる。
液空間速度が0.1h-1以上では経済性に優れ、3h-1以下ならば触媒活性が改善される。
5質量%のアルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液10kgを60℃に加熱した後、25質量%の硫酸アルミニウム水溶液2.8kgをゆっくり加え、最終的に溶液のpHを7とした。この時、当該溶液の温度は60℃を保持した。以上の操作により生成したアルミナスラリーを濾過し、濾別されたアルミナゲルを0.3質量%のアンモニア水溶液で繰り返し洗浄した。
次いで、洗浄後のアルミナゲルに水5kgを加え、更に10質量%のアンモニア水溶液を加えて、当該ゲルの水分散液をpH11に調整した。次に、当該ゲルの水分散液を90℃に加熱し、撹拌、還流しながら40時間熟成した。
その後、当該ゲルの水分散液に5Nの硝酸水溶液を加えてpH2に調整し、15分間撹拌した。更に、10質量%のアンモニア水溶液を加えてpH11に調整した。得られたゲルの水分散液を濾過した後、25℃で加水して成型し易い粘度になるように水分調整を行った。水分調整後のアルミナゲルの水含有量は、70質量%であった。
焼成された亜鉛含有アルミナ担体100gを、パラモリブデン酸アンモニウムと硝酸ニッケルとを各々酸化物換算でMo9質量%、Ni2質量%となるように100gの水に溶解させた液に、含浸した。含浸後の亜鉛含有アルミナ担体を110℃で4時間加熱乾燥し、550℃で3時間焼成して、水素化処理触媒Aを調製した。
酸化亜鉛1を酸化亜鉛2に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、水素化処理触媒Bを調製した。
酸化亜鉛1を酸化亜鉛3に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、水素化処理触媒aを調製した。
酸化亜鉛1を酸化亜鉛4に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、水素化処理触媒bを調製した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1、2で調製した水素化処理触媒A、B、a、及びbの性状[Mo及びNiの担持量(触媒基準、酸化物換算)、亜鉛の担持量(担体基準、酸化物換算)、平均細孔径、及び比表面積]を表2に示す。表2中、「活性金属 活性金属量(質量%)」欄中の「Ni/Mo(上段) 2/9(下段)」は、当該触媒が触媒基準、酸化物換算で、Niを2質量%、Moを9質量%含有していることを意味する。なお、触媒の物理性状及び化学性状は、次の要領で測定した。
a)測定方法及び使用機器:
・比表面積は、窒素吸着によるBET法により測定した。窒素吸着装置は、日本ベル(株)製の表面積測定装置(ベルソープMini)を使用した。
・平均細孔径は、水銀圧入法により測定した。水銀圧入装置は、ポロシメーター(MICROMERITICS AUTO−PORE 9200:島津製作所製)を使用した。
・水銀圧入法は、毛細管現象の法則に基づく。水銀と円筒細孔の場合には、この法則は次式で表される。式中、Dは細孔径、Pは掛けた圧力、γは表面張力、θは接触角である。掛けた圧力Pの関数としての細孔への進入水銀体積を測定する。なお、触媒の細孔水銀の表面張力は484dyne/cmとし、接触角は130度とした。
式: D=−(1/P)4γcosθ
1)真空加熱脱気装置の電源を入れ、温度400℃、真空度5×10-2Torr以下になることを確認した。
2)サンプルビュレットを空のまま真空加熱脱気装置に掛けた。
3)真空度が5×10-2Torr以下となったら、当該サンプルビュレットを、そのコックを閉じて真空加熱脱気装置から取り外し、冷却後、重量を測定した。
4)当該サンプルビュレットに試料(触媒)を入れた。
5)試料入りサンプルビュレットを真空加熱脱気装置に掛け、真空度が5×10-2Torr以下になってから1時間以上保持した。
6)試料入りサンプルビュレットを真空加熱脱気装置から取り外し、冷却後、重量を測定し、試料重量を求めた。
7)AUTO−PORE 9200用セルに試料を入れた。
8)AUTO−PORE 9200により測定した。
a)分析方法及び使用機器:
・触媒中の金属分析は、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析(ICPS−2000:島津製作所製)を用いて行った。
・金属の定量は、絶対検量線法にて行った。
1)ユニシールに、触媒0.05g、塩酸(50質量%)1mL、フッ酸一滴、及び純水1mLを投入し、加熱して溶解させた。
2)溶解後、得られた溶液をポリプロピレン製メスフラスコ(50mL容)に移し換え、純水を加えて、50mLに秤量した。
3)当該溶液をICPS−2000により測定した。
以下の要領にて、下記性状の減圧蒸留残渣油(VR)の水素化処理を行った。水素化処理触媒として、実施例1、2、比較例1、2で製造した触媒A、B、a、及びbをそれぞれ用いた。
1)60℃に加温した試料を三角フラスコに25g採取し、エアーコンデンサーを取り付けて100℃の油浴に挿入し、24時間保持した。
2)当該試料を充分に振とうした後、10.5gをガラスビーカーにサンプリングした。
3)試料の入ったガラスビーカーを、100℃で10分間加温した。
4)乾燥したガラス繊維濾紙(直径47mm、気孔径1.6μm)を3枚重ねでセットし、減圧ポンプで80kPaまで減圧した減圧濾過器に、前記試料を投入し、30秒後に40kPaまで減圧した。
5)濾過が完了し、濾紙表面が乾いた後に、さらに5分間減圧を続けた。
6)減圧ポンプ停止後、濾過器をアスピレータで引きながら25mLの洗浄溶剤(ヘプタン85mL+トルエン15mL)で漏斗とフィルター全域を洗浄した。
7)さらに20mLヘプタンで当該濾紙を洗浄した後、最上部の濾紙(上から1枚目)を取り外して、下部の濾紙を20mLヘプタンで洗浄した。
8)上から1枚目及び2枚目の濾紙を、110℃で20分乾燥後、30分放冷した。
9)濾過前に対する濾過後の1枚目及び2枚目濾紙の各重量増加分を測定し、1枚目濾紙の増加重量から2枚目濾紙の増加重量を差し引いた重量を、試料採取重量に対する百分率としたものを、潜在セジメント(質量%)とした。
なお、濾過が25分間で終了しない場合はサンプル量を5gあるいは2gとして再測定した。
アスファルテン分は、試料にトルエンを加えた後、セルロースフィルターで濾過し、トルエン不溶解分を回収した。この不溶性分をアスファルテン分とした。
レジン分は、試料にトルエンを加えた後、セルロースフィルターで濾過し、濾液であるトルエン溶解分を濃縮した。この濃縮物にヘプタンを加えたヘプタン溶液を活性アルミナ充填カラムに流通させ、飽和、芳香族、レジン分に分離し、レジン分を回収した。
触媒の予備硫化は、減圧軽油により、水素分圧10.3MPa、370℃において12時間行った。その後、活性評価用の原料油に切り替えた。
反応温度;385℃、
圧力(水素分圧);10.3MPa、
液空間速度 ;0.4h-1、
水素/油比 ;1690m3/m3。
油種;中東系原油の減圧蒸留残渣油、
密度(15℃);1.037g/cm3、
硫黄成分;4.27質量%、
バナジウム;91ppm、
ニッケル;54ppm、
アスファルテン分;7.8質量%。
〔1〕脱硫率(HDS)(%):原料油中の硫黄分を脱硫反応によって硫化水素に転換することにより、原料油から消失した硫黄分の割合を脱硫率と定義し、原料油及び生成油の硫黄分析値から以下の式(1)により算出した。
〔2〕脱硫反応速度定数(Ks):生成油の硫黄分(Sp)の減少量に対して、2次の反応次数を得る反応速度式の定数を脱硫反応速度定数(Ks)とする。以下の式(2)により算出した。なお、反応速度定数が高い程、触媒活性が優れていることを示している。
〔3〕脱硫比活性(%):触媒Aの脱硫反応速度定数を100としたときの相対値で示した。以下の式(3)により算出した。
〔4〕脱金属率(HDM)(%):原料油から消失した金属分(ニッケルとバナジウムの合計)の割合を脱金属率と定義し、原料油及び生成油の金属分析値から以下の式(4)により算出した。
脱硫反応速度定数=〔1/Sp−1/Sf〕×(LHSV) ………(2)
式中、Sf:原料油中の硫黄分(質量%)、
Sp:生成油中の硫黄分(質量%)、
LHSV:液空間速度(h-1)。
脱硫比活性(%)=(各触媒の脱硫反応速度定数/触媒Aの脱硫反応速度定数)×100………(3)
脱金属率(%)=〔(Mf−Mp)/Mf〕×100 ………(4)
式中、Mf:原料油中のニッケルとバナジウムの合計(質量ppm)、
Mp:生成油中のニッケルとバナジウムの合計(質量ppm)。
前記の水素化処理反応で得た運転日数20日目の生成油から求めた脱硫比活性、脱金属率、レジン分、アスファルテン分、レジン分に対するアスファルテン分の含量比(質量比、[アスファルテン分(質量%)]/[レジン分(質量%)])、及び潜在セジメント含量の結果を表3に示す。
これらの結果から、特定の物性を有する酸化亜鉛粒子を含有する担体を用いた水素化処理触媒を用いることにより、水素化処理触媒の脱硫活性を低下させることなく、水素化処理した重質炭化水素油中の潜在セジメントの含有量を低くでき、貯蔵安定性を高められることが明らかである。
Claims (2)
- 平均粒子径が2〜12μmの酸化亜鉛粒子を担体基準で1〜15質量%含有する亜鉛含有アルミナ担体に、少なくとも1種の周期表第6族金属が担持されており、平均細孔径が18〜35nmであり、比表面積が70〜150m2/gであることを特徴とする、重質炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒。
- 請求項1記載の水素化処理触媒の存在下、温度300〜420℃、圧力3〜20MPa、水素/油比400〜3000m3/m3、及び液空間速度0.1〜3h-1の条件で、重質炭化水素油の接触反応を行うことを特徴とする重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法。
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