JP6474814B2 - 特殊形状を有するエポキシ樹脂成形物、及びそれを備えた光学装置 - Google Patents
特殊形状を有するエポキシ樹脂成形物、及びそれを備えた光学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6474814B2 JP6474814B2 JP2016540237A JP2016540237A JP6474814B2 JP 6474814 B2 JP6474814 B2 JP 6474814B2 JP 2016540237 A JP2016540237 A JP 2016540237A JP 2016540237 A JP2016540237 A JP 2016540237A JP 6474814 B2 JP6474814 B2 JP 6474814B2
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Images
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- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
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- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/687—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing sulfur
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
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- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/08—Saturated oxiranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本発明の他の目的は、集光又は光拡散効果を発揮する形状を有する成形物であって、機械強度と耐熱性に優れ、高偏肉比と薄肉部を有する成形物を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、集光又は光拡散効果を発揮する形状を有する成形物であって、金型(モールド)の転写性、機械強度、及び耐熱性に優れ、高偏肉比と薄肉部を有する成形物を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、前記成形物の製造方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、前記成形物を備えた光学装置を提供することにある。
工程1:エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する光硬化性組成物を透明アレイモールドに充填する工程
工程2:光硬化性組成物に光照射を行い、成形物アレイを得る工程
工程3:成形物アレイを個片化する工程
[1] エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する硬化性組成物の硬化物であって、曲げ弾性率[JIS K 7171(2008年)準拠、但し、試験片(長さ20mm×幅2.5mm×厚み0.5mm)を使用し、支点間距離16mmで測定]が2.5GPa以上の硬化物から成る、偏肉比(最厚部厚み/最薄部厚み)が5以上の、集光又は光拡散効果を有する成形物。
[2] 成形物の最薄部厚みが0.2mm以下である[1]に記載の成形物。
[3] 成形物の最厚部厚みが0.5mm以上である[1]又は[2]に記載の成形物。
[4] エポキシ化合物(A)が、式(a)で表される化合物を含有する[1]〜[3]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[5] エポキシ化合物(A)が、式(a)で表される化合物であって、エステル結合を含まない化合物を含有する[4]に記載の成形物。
[6] 式(a)で表される化合物が、(3,4,3’,4’−ジエポキシ)ビシクロへキシル、ビス(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル)エーテル、及び3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル(3,4−エポキシ)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレートから選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である[4]に記載の成形物。
[7] 式(a)で表される化合物が、(3,4,3’,4’−ジエポキシ)ビシクロへキシル及び/又はビス(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル)エーテルである[4]又は[5]に記載の成形物。
[8] エポキシ化合物(A)が、式(a)で表される化合物とグリシジルエーテル系エポキシ化合物を含有する[4]〜[7]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[9] エポキシ化合物(A)の含有量が、硬化性組成物に含まれる硬化性化合物全量の30〜90重量%である[1]〜[8]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[10] 硬化性組成物が、エポキシ化合物(A)、オキセタン化合物(B)、及びカチオン重合開始剤(C)を含有する[1]〜[9]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[11] オキセタン化合物(B)が、3−メトキシオキセタン、3−エトキシオキセタン、3−プロポキシオキセタン、3−イソプロポキシオキセタン、3−(n−ブトキシ)オキセタン、3−イソブトキシオキセタン、3−(s−ブトキシ)オキセタン、3−(t−ブトキシ)オキセタン、3−ペンチルオキシオキセタン、3−ヘキシルオキシオキセタン、3−ヘプチルオキシオキセタン、3−オクチルオキシオキセタン、3−(1−プロペニルオキシ)オキセタン、3−シクロヘキシルオキシオキセタン、3−(4−メチルシクロヘキシルオキシ)オキセタン、3−[(2−パーフルオロブチル)エトキシ]オキセタン、3−フェノキシオキセタン、3−(4−メチルフェノキシ)オキセタン、3−(3−クロロ−1−プロポキシ)オキセタン、3−(3−ブロモ−1−プロポキシ)オキセタン、3−(4−フルオロフェノキシ)オキセタン、及び式(b-1)〜(b-15)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である[10]に記載の成形物。
[12] オキセタン化合物(B)の含有量が、硬化性組成物に含まれる硬化性化合物全量の5〜40重量%である[10]又は[11]に記載の成形物。
[13] カチオン重合開始剤(C)が光カチオン重合開始剤である[10]〜[12]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[14] カチオン重合開始剤(C)が、スルホニウム塩系化合物である[10]〜[13]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[15] カチオン重合開始剤(C)が、アニオン部がSbF6 -、又は[(Y)sB(Phf)4-s](式中、Yはフェニル基又はビフェニリル基を示す。Phfは水素原子の少なくとも1つが、パーフルオロアルキル基、パーフルオロアルコキシ基、及びハロゲン原子から選択される少なくとも1種で置換されたフェニル基を示す。sは0〜3の整数である)である化合物である[10]〜[14]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[16] カチオン重合開始剤(C)の含有量が、硬化性組成物に含まれる硬化性化合物100重量部に対して0.1〜10.0重量部である[10]〜[15]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[17] 硬化性組成物が、更に酸化防止剤(D)を含有する[1]〜[16]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[18] 酸化防止剤(D)が、フェノール系酸化防止剤及び/又はリン系酸化防止剤である[17]に記載の成形物。
[19] 酸化防止剤(D)の含有量が、硬化性組成物に含まれる硬化性化合物100重量部に対して0.1〜10.0重量部である[17]又は[18]に記載の成形物。
[20] 集光又は光拡散効果を有する成形物がレンズ又はプリズムである[1]〜[19]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[21] 集光又は光拡散効果を有する成形物がフレネルレンズである[1]〜[19]の何れか1つに記載の成形物。
[22] エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する硬化性組成物をキャスティング成形に付して[1]〜[21]の何れか1つに記載の成形物を得る成形物の製造方法。
[23] 下記工程を有する[22]に記載の成形物の製造方法。
工程1:エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する光硬化性組成物を透明アレイモールドに充填する工程
工程2:光硬化性組成物に光照射を行い、成形物アレイを得る工程
工程3:成形物アレイを個片化する工程
[24] UV−LED(波長:350〜450nm)を使用して光照射を行う[23]に記載の成形物の製造方法。
[25] 光照射の積算光量が5000mJ/cm2以下である[23]又は[24]に記載の成形物の製造方法。
[26] [1]〜[21]の何れか1つに記載の成形物を備えた光学装置。
[27] 光学装置が、携帯型電子機器又は車載用電子機器である[26]に記載の光学装置。
(エポキシ化合物(A))
本発明における硬化性組成物は、硬化性化合物(特に、カチオン硬化性化合物)としてエポキシ化合物を含有する。
本発明における硬化性組成物には、上記エポキシ化合物(A)以外にも他の硬化性化合物(特に、カチオン硬化性化合物)を含有していても良く、オキセタン化合物を含有することが硬化性を一層向上することができる点で好ましい。
本発明における硬化性組成物は、上記エポキシ化合物(A)、オキセタン化合物(B)以外にも他の硬化性化合物(周知慣用のカチオン硬化性化合物、ラジカル硬化性化合物等)を含有していてもよいが、他の硬化性化合物の含有量(2種以上含有する場合はその総量)は硬化性組成物に含まれる硬化性化合物全量(100重量%)の、例えば30重量%以下、好ましくは20重量%以下、特に好ましくは10重量%以下、最も好ましくは5重量%以下である。他の硬化性化合物の含有量が上記範囲を上回ると、本発明の効果が得られにくくなる傾向がある。
前記硬化性組成物はカチオン重合開始剤を含有することが好ましい。カチオン重合開始剤には光カチオン重合開始剤と熱カチオン重合開始剤が含まれる。
本発明における硬化性組成物は、上記エポキシ化合物(A)、オキセタン化合物(B)、カチオン重合開始剤(C)以外にも、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で他の成分を含有していてもよい。他の成分としては、例えば、酸化防止剤、光増感剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤、カップリング剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、紫外線吸収剤、着色剤等を挙げることができる。これらは1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明の成形物は、上記硬化性組成物をキャスティング成形に付すことにより製造することができる。
工程1:エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する光硬化性組成物を透明アレイモールドに充填する工程
工程2:光硬化性組成物に光照射を行い、成形物アレイを得る工程
工程3:成形物アレイを個片化する工程
上記製造方法により得られる本発明の成形物は、上記硬化性組成物の硬化物であって機械強度に優れた硬化物からなる成形物であり、偏肉比(最厚部厚み/最薄部厚み)が5以上(好ましくは5〜15、特に好ましくは7〜12)の、集光又は光拡散効果を発揮する形状を有する成形物である。
本発明の光学装置は、上記成形物を備えることを特徴とする。前記光学装置には、例えば、携帯電話、スマートフォン、タブレットPC等の携帯型電子機器;近赤外センサ、ミリ波レーダー、LEDスポット照明装置、近赤外LED照明装置、ミラーモニター、メーターパネル、ヘッドマウントディスプレイ(投影型)用コンバイナ、ヘッドアップディスプレイ用コンバイナ等の車載用電子機器等が含まれる。前記成形物はリフロー半田付けにより基板実装するのに十分な耐熱性を有する。そのため、本発明の光学装置は、前記成形物を別工程で実装する必要がなく、リフロー処理により一括して実装が可能であり、効率よく、且つ低コストで製造することができる。
95重量%硫酸70g(0.68モル)と1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデセン−7(DBU)55g(0.36モル)を撹拌混合して脱水触媒を調製した。
撹拌機、温度計、および脱水剤が充填され且つ保温された留出配管を具備した3Lのフラスコに、水添ビフェノール(4,4’−ジヒドロキシビシクロヘキシル)1000g(5.05モル)、上記で調製した脱水触媒125g(硫酸として0.68モル)、プソイドクメン1500gを入れ、フラスコを加熱した。内温が115℃を超えたあたりから水の生成が確認された。さらに昇温を続けてプソイドクメンの沸点まで温度を上げ(内温162〜170℃)、常圧で脱水反応を行った。副生した水は留出させ、脱水管により系外に排出した。尚、脱水触媒は反応条件下において液体であり反応液中に微分散していた。3時間経過後、ほぼ理論量の水(180g)が留出したため反応終了とした。反応終了時の液を10段のオールダーショウ型の蒸留塔を用い、プソイドクメンを留去した後、内部圧力10Torr(1.33kPa)、内温137〜140℃にて蒸留し、731gのビシクロヘキシル−3,3’−ジエンを得た。
また1H−NMRの測定では、δ4.5〜5ppm付近の内部二重結合に由来するピークが消失し、δ3.1ppm付近にエポキシ基に由来するプロトンのピークの生成が確認された。そのため、反応生成物は、(3,4,3’,4’−ジエポキシ)ビシクロヘキシルであることが確認された。
5L反応器に水酸化ナトリウム(顆粒状)(499g、12.48モル)、及びトルエン(727mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、テトラヒドロベンジルアルコール(420g、3.74モル)のトルエン(484mL)溶液を添加し、70℃で1.5時間熟成した。次いで、メタンスルホン酸テトラヒドロベンジル(419g、2.20モル)を添加し、3時間還流下で熟成させた後、室温まで冷却し、水(1248g)を加えて反応を停止し、分液した。分液した有機層を濃縮後、減圧蒸留を行うことにより、ジテトラヒドロベンジルエーテルを無色透明液体として得た(収率:85%)。得られたジテトラヒドロベンジルエーテルの1H−NMRスペクトルを測定した。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ1.23-1.33(m、2H)、1.68-1.94(m、6H)、2.02-2.15(m、6H)、3.26-3.34(m、4H)、5.63-7.70(m、4H)
下記表1に記載の各成分を配合組成(単位;重量部)に従って配合し、室温で自転公転型ミキサーを撹拌・混合することにより、均一で透明な硬化性組成物を得た。
得られた硬化性組成物、及びそれを硬化して得られた硬化物について下記評価を行った。
硬化性組成物の粘度(Pa・s)は、レオメーター(商品名「PHYSICA UDS200」、Anton Paar社製)を用い、温度25℃、せん断速度20(1/s)の条件下で測定した。
縦30mm×横20mm×厚み0.5mmのテフロン(登録商標)製のスペーサーを作製し、離型処理[商品名「オプツールHD1000」(ダイキン(株)製)に浸漬した後、24時間ドラフト内で放置]を施したスライドガラス(商品名「S2111」、松浪硝子(株)製)で挟み込みを行った。
実施例及び比較例で得られた硬化性組成物を注型し、UV−LED(商品名「ZUV−C20H」、オムロン(株)製)を使用して光照射(波長:365nm、照射強度:50〜100mW/cm2、積算光量:2500〜5000mJ/cm2)して硬化物を得た。
得られた硬化物を長さ20mm×幅2.5mm×厚み0.5mmのサイズに加工して得られた試験片について、引張・圧縮試験機(商品名「RTF1350」、(株)エイ・アンド・デイ製)を使用して、支点間距離を16mmに固定して測定した以外は、JIS K7171(2008年)に準拠して曲げ弾性率を測定した。
透明な下型の凹部に、実施例及び比較例で得られた硬化性組成物を充填し、透明な上型で蓋をして、UV−LED(商品名「ZUV−C20H」、オムロン(株)製)を使用して硬化性組成物に光照射(波長:365nm、照射強度:50〜100mW/cm2、積算光量:2500〜5000mJ/cm2)を行い、その後離型して成形物を得た(図5参照)。
得られた成形物の最厚部及び最薄部を、CCDカメラ(商品名「VH−Z20UR」、キーエンス(株)製)を使って観察し、最厚部厚み(H)、最薄部厚み(h)を測定し、偏肉比(H/h)を算出した。また、以下の基準に従ってモールド形状の転写性を評価を行った。
評価基準
転写性良好(○):成形物が下型の凹部形状と同一の形状である場合
転写性不良(×):成形物が破損、又は下型の凹部形状と異なる形状である場合
[偏肉比、及びモールド形状の転写性評価]と同様の方法で得られた成形物を、卓上リフロー炉(シンアペック社製)を使用して、JEDEC規格記載のリフロー温度プロファイル(最高温度:270℃)に基づく耐熱性試験に付した(連続3回)。
耐熱性試験後の成形物について、上記[偏肉比、及びモールド形状の転写性評価]と同様の方法で最厚部厚み(H’)、最薄部厚み(h’)を測定し、偏肉比(H’/h’)、及びモールド形状の転写性を評価を行った。
<硬化性化合物>
(a−1):製造例1で得られた(3,4,3’,4’−ジエポキシ)ビシクロヘキシル
(a−2):製造例2で得られたビス(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル)エーテル
CELLOXIDE2021P:3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル(3,4−エポキシ)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、商品名「セロキサイド2021P」、(株)ダイセル製
YL983U:ビスフェノールF型ジグリシジルエーテル、商品名「YL983U」、三菱化学(株)製
YX8000:水添ビスフェノールA型ジグリシジルエーテル、商品名「YX8000」、三菱化学(株)製
OXT221:3−エチル−3{[(3−エチルオキセタン−3−イル)メトキシ]メチル}オキセタン、商品名「アロンオキセタンOXT−221」、東亞合成(株)製
IRR214K:ジシクロペンタジエン骨格を有するジアクリレート、商品名「IRR214K」、ダイセル・オルネクス(株)製
PETIA:ペンタエリスリトール(トリ/テトラ)アクリレート、商品名「PETIA」、ダイセル・オルネクス(株)製
IBOA:イソボルニルアクリレート、商品名「IBOA−B」、ダイセル・オルネクス(株)製
<重合開始剤>
CPI−101A:光カチオン重合開始剤、4−(フェニルチオ)フェニルジフェニルスルホニウム ヘキサフルオロアンチモネートのプロピレンカーボネート50%溶液、商品名「CPI−101A」、サンアプロ(株)製
CPI−100P:光カチオン重合開始剤、4−(フェニルチオ)フェニルジフェニルスルホニウム ヘキサフルオロホスフェートのプロピレンカーボネート50%溶液、商品名「CPI−100P」、サンアプロ(株)製
c−1:光カチオン重合開始剤、4−(フェニルチオ)フェニルジフェニルスルホニウム フェニルトリス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート
Irgacure184:光ラジカル重合開始剤、1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル−フェニル−ケトン、商品名「Irgacure184」、BASF社製
<酸化防止剤>
Irganox1010:ペンタエリスリトール テトラキス[3−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェノール)プロピオネート]、商品名「Irganox1010」、BASF社製
HP−10:2,2’−メチレンビス(4,6−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)−2−エチルヘキシルホスファイト、商品名「HP−10」、(株)ADEKA製
2 非レンズ面
3 基準面
4 下型
5 下型凹部
6a 硬化性組成物
6b 成形物(=硬化性組成物の硬化物)
7 上型
8 切断ライン
9 成形物アレイ
10 個片化して得られた成形物
Claims (11)
- エポキシ化合物(A)、オキセタン化合物(B)として下記式(b)で表される化合物、及びカチオン重合開始剤(C)を含有する硬化性組成物を、成形物であるフレネルレンズの反転形状を有する凹部を有するモールドに充填して硬化させるキャスティング成形に付して、
曲げ弾性率[JIS K 7171(2008年)準拠、但し、試験片(長さ20mm×幅2.5mm×厚み0.5mm)を使用し、支点間距離16mmで測定]が2.5GPa以上の硬化物から成る、偏肉比(最厚部厚み/最薄部厚み)が5以上であり、断面が山形形状であるプリズムが複数個、階段状に形成されており、レンズの最薄部が前記山形形状の谷部に存在するフレネルレンズを得るフレネルレンズの製造方法。
(式中、Raは1価の有機基を示し、Rbは水素原子又はエチル基を示す。mは0以上の整数を示す) - フレネルレンズの最薄部厚みが0.2mm以下である請求項1に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- エポキシ化合物(A)が、式(a)で表される化合物であって、エステル結合を含まない化合物を含有する請求項3に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- カチオン重合開始剤(C)が光カチオン重合開始剤である請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- 硬化性組成物が、更に酸化防止剤(D)を含有する請求項4又は5に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- 下記工程を有する請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
工程1:エポキシ化合物(A)を含有する光硬化性組成物を透明アレイモールドに充填する工程
工程2:光硬化性組成物に光照射を行い、フレネルレンズアレイを得る工程
工程3:フレネルレンズアレイを個片化する工程 - UV−LED(波長:350〜450nm)を使用して光照射を行う請求項7に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- 光照射の積算光量が5000mJ/cm2以下である請求項7又は8に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- エポキシ化合物(A)が、式(a)で表される化合物であって、エステル結合を含まない化合物、式(a)で表される化合物であって、エステル結合を含む化合物、及びグリシジルエーテル系エポキシ化合物を含有する請求項3〜9の何れか1項に記載のフレネルレンズの製造方法。
- フレネルレンズを備えた光学装置の製造方法であって、
エポキシ化合物(A)、オキセタン化合物(B)として下記式(b)で表される化合物、及びカチオン重合開始剤(C)を含有する硬化性組成物を、成形物であるフレネルレンズの反転形状を有する凹部を有するモールドに充填して硬化させるキャスティング成形に付し、曲げ弾性率[JIS K 7171(2008年)準拠、但し、試験片(長さ20mm×幅2.5mm×厚み0.5mm)を使用し、支点間距離16mmで測定]が2.5GPa以上の硬化物から成る、偏肉比(最厚部厚み/最薄部厚み)が5以上であり、断面が山形形状であるプリズムが複数個、階段状に形成されており、レンズの最薄部が前記山形形状の谷部に存在するフレネルレンズを得る工程を含む、フレネルレンズを備えた光学装置の製造方法。
(式中、Raは1価の有機基を示し、Rbは水素原子又はエチル基を示す。mは0以上の整数を示す)
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