JP6474779B2 - 電池用高エネルギー物質、その製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
電池用高エネルギー物質、その製造方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6474779B2 JP6474779B2 JP2016502809A JP2016502809A JP6474779B2 JP 6474779 B2 JP6474779 B2 JP 6474779B2 JP 2016502809 A JP2016502809 A JP 2016502809A JP 2016502809 A JP2016502809 A JP 2016502809A JP 6474779 B2 JP6474779 B2 JP 6474779B2
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- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
Badway,F.らの「Chem.Mater.,2007,19,4129」;
Badway,F.らの「J.Electrochem.Soc,.2007,150,A1318」;
米国特許第7,947,392号明細書(発明の名称「Bismuth fluoride based nanocomposites as electrode materials」);
米国特許出願公開第2008/0199772号明細書(発明の名称「Metal Fluoride And Phosphate Nanocomposites As Electrode Materials」);
米国特許出願公開第2006/0019163号明細書(発明の名称「Copper fluoride based nanocomposites as electrode materials」);及び
米国特許第8,039,149号明細書(発明の名称「Bismuth oxyfluoride based nanocomposites as electrode materials」)
において、フッ化金属の電位窓内で電気化学的に活性ではない混合伝導体が利用される。
MeFx+Me’yXz+熱 (I)
に従って、その混合物を不活性雰囲気下で熱処理することにより調製される。
MeFx+Me’yXz→MeaMe’bXcFd (II)
{式中、x、y、z、a、b、及びcは、Me、Me’及びXの同一性及び価数に応じて決まる。幾つかの例では、0<a≦1、0<b≦1、0≦c≦1、かつ0≦d≦1である。}
に従って、反応を起こして、新たな相を形成する。他の実施形態では、熱処理は、フッ化金属と金属錯体の間で共有結合の形成を起こし、伝導性を向上させ、かつ表面を不動態化する。
材料及び合成法
全ての反応物を高純度アルゴン充填グローブ・ボックス(M−Braun社、O2及び湿気含有率<0.1ppm)内で調製した。特別の定めのない限り、材料は、更なる精製なしに、商業的供給源(例えば、シグマ・アルドリッチ(Sigma−Aldrich)、アドバンス・リサーチ・ケミカルズ(Advanced Research Chemicals)社、アルファ・エイサー(Alfa Aesar)、ストレム(Strem))から得られた。
複数のミリング容器に約85質量%〜約95質量%のCuF2及び約5質量%〜約15質量%の反応物質(金属酸化物又は金属酸化物前駆体)を充填して、それらの容器を封止した。混合物を混練した。混練後、N2気流下、約200℃から約575℃までの温度で1時間〜12時間に亘って複数の試料をアニールした。具体的なマトリクス反応物は、後述される通りに処理された。
複数のミリング容器にCuF2(85質量%)及びMoO3(15質量%)を充填し、封止し、次に混練した。混練後、N2気流下、450℃で6時間に亘って複数の試料をアニールした。
複数のミリング容器にCuF2(85質量%)及びNiO(15質量%)を充填し、封止し、次に混練した。混練後、N2気流下、325℃で6時間に亘って複数の試料をアニールした。
THFの存在下(40〜120mgのCuF2/THFのmL)で混練することによってCuF2の微細分散液を調製した。次に、分散された試料をNi(AcAc)2のTHF溶液へ、ニッケル(II)アセチルアセトネートが溶液中の固形分の15質量%を占めるように加えた。次に、約1時間〜約12時間に亘って、振とう、超音波処理又は低エネルギー混練のいずれかによって、その溶液を撹拌した。次に、その溶液を真空下、室温で乾燥させて、得られた固体を乾燥空気下、450℃で6時間に亘ってアニールした。
次の配合法に従って、80:15:5(活物質:バインダ:伝導性添加剤)の配合組成物を用いて、複数の正極を調製した:
133mgのPVDF(シグマ・アルドリッチ社)及び約44mgの「Super P(登録商標)」Li(ティムカル(Timcal)社)を10mLのNMP(シグマ・アルドリッチ社)に終夜で溶解させた。この溶液1mLへ、コーティングされた複合粉70mgを加え、終夜で撹拌した。約70μLのスラリーを複数のステンレス鋼集電体上へ滴下して150℃で約1時間に亘って乾燥させることによって、複数の膜をキャストした。乾燥した複数の膜を冷却させて、次に1トン/cm2でプレスした。さらに、複数の電極を、電池組み立て用グローブ・ボックス中に持ち込む前に、真空下150℃で12時間に亘って乾燥させた。
特別の定めのない限り、高純度アルゴン充填グローブ・ボックス(M−Braun社、O2及び湿気含有率<0.1ppm)内で全ての電池を組み立てた。負極としてのリチウム、セルガード(Celgard)2400セパレータ、及び1MのLiPF6のEC:EMC(1:2)電解液90μL用いて、複数のセルを形成した。4.0Vと2.0Vの間で定電流C/50充放電レートを用いて、複数の電極及び複数のセルを30℃で電気化学的に特性評価した。各充電の最後に3時間の定電圧工程を用いた。幾つかの場合には、電解液(EC:EMC(1:2)中の1MのLiPF6)の存在下で約15分間に亘ってリチウム箔を電極へプレスして、複数の正極をリチウム化した。次に、電極をEMCで濯ぎ、リチウムではなくグラファイトを負極として使用したこと以外は上記のようにして複数のセルに組み込んだ。
[1]
フッ化金属を含む粒子;及び
前記粒子上のコーティング;
を含む組成物であって、
前記フッ化金属は、第一の金属を含み、
前記コーティングは、前記フッ化金属と金属錯体の反応により形成されたハイブリッド物質を含み、
前記金属錯体は、第二の金属を含み、かつ
前記ハイブリッド物質は、前記第一の金属及び前記第二の金属を含む、
前記組成物。
[2]
前記反応は、熱処理を含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
[3]
前記反応は、前記フッ化金属と前記金属錯体を混練する工程をさらに含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
[4]
前記フッ化金属は、CuF 2 を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[5]
100nmを超える粒径を有する粒子を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[6]
130nmを超える粒径を有する粒子を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[7]
前記粒子は、第一の相を有し、かつ前記コーティングは、第二の相を有する、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[8]
前記第一の相は、前記フッ化金属を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[9]
前記第二の相は、金属錯体の分解から形成された物質を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[10]
前記金属錯体は、金属酸化物を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[11]
前記金属錯体は、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、MoO 3 、MoO 2 、NiO、CuO、VO 2 、V 2 O 5 、TiO 2 、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される金属酸化物を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[12]
前記金属錯体は、NiOを含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[13]
前記金属錯体は、金属リン酸塩を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[14]
前記金属錯体は、LiFePO 4 を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[15]
前記コーティングは、前記粒子と共有結合する、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[16]
前記熱処理は、450℃未満の温度で行われる、項目2に記載の組成物。
[17]
前記熱処理は、325℃未満の温度で行われる、項目2に記載の組成物。
[18]
CuF 2 を含む粒子;及び
前記粒子上のコーティング;
を含む組成物であって、前記コーティングは、下記式(1):
Cu a Me’ b O c F d (1)
{式中、0<a≦1、0<b≦1、0≦c≦1、かつ0≦d≦1である。}
により表される物質を含む、前記組成物。
Claims (4)
- 85〜90質量%のCuF2粒子と15〜10質量%のNiOまたはNiOの前駆体との反応によって形成された、CuF2粒子上のコーティング物質としてCuaNibOcFd{式中、0<a≦1、0<b≦1、0<c≦1、かつ0<d≦1である。}により表される物質を備える正極活物質であって、Li負極、及び1MのLiPF6のEC:EMC(体積比1:2)の電解液で構成される充電式電気化学セルにおいて使用して、2.0V〜4.0Vに亘って、1回目のサイクルには0.02Cのレートで、2回目のサイクルには0.05Cのレートで、かつ3回目のサイクルには0.5Cのレートで電気化学的特性評価試験を行った場合に、前記3回目のサイクルの放電容量が150mAh/g以上である正極活物質。
- 前記CuF 2 が粉末X線回折データの粒径分析による100nmを超える粒径を有する、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記CuF 2 が粉末X線回折データの粒径分析による130nmを超える粒径を有する、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記CuaNibOcFdにより表される物質が、前記コーティング物質として前記CuF2粒子と共有結合する、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
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JP3680441B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-03 | 2005-08-10 | 株式会社デンソー | 非水電解液二次電池 |
US6777132B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2004-08-17 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Alkali/transition metal halo—and hydroxy-phosphates and related electrode active materials |
JP2002015727A (ja) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-18 | Toyo Kohan Co Ltd | リチウム系二次電池 |
JP2002198061A (ja) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-07-12 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd | 二重集電体カソード構造を用いた短絡安全特性を有するアルカリ金属電気化学セル |
US9065137B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2015-06-23 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Copper fluoride based nanocomposites as electrode materials |
US20050191554A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-09-01 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Additive for positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery, positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery, and positive electrode and lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery |
CA2543851C (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2014-05-06 | Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. | Cathode material for secondary battery and method for producing the material for secondary battery |
TWI240555B (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2005-09-21 | Primax Electronics Ltd | Image scanner |
JP2008186595A (ja) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-08-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 2次電池 |
WO2008095197A2 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Rutgers, The State University | Metal fluoride and phosphate nanocomposites as electrode materials |
WO2009048146A1 (ja) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-16 | Kobelco Research Institute, Inc. | 二次電池用負極活物質及びこれを用いた二次電池並びに空気二次電池 |
KR101219401B1 (ko) * | 2011-05-31 | 2013-01-15 | 전자부품연구원 | 이차전지용 양극재료 및 이의 제조방법 |
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2014
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EP2973804A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2973804A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
WO2014144202A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
EP2973804B1 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
US20150140206A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
KR20170117237A (ko) | 2017-10-20 |
CN105051955B (zh) | 2018-04-03 |
CN105051955A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
JP2016516281A (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
US20160141601A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
KR20150120498A (ko) | 2015-10-27 |
JP2017092042A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
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