JP6473421B2 - 薬物送達用の修飾ポリ(ベータ−アミノエステル) - Google Patents
薬物送達用の修飾ポリ(ベータ−アミノエステル) Download PDFInfo
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- JP6473421B2 JP6473421B2 JP2015560842A JP2015560842A JP6473421B2 JP 6473421 B2 JP6473421 B2 JP 6473421B2 JP 2015560842 A JP2015560842 A JP 2015560842A JP 2015560842 A JP2015560842 A JP 2015560842A JP 6473421 B2 JP6473421 B2 JP 6473421B2
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- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical group NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000002140 imidazol-4-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC([*])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003551 oxepanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XDJOIMJURHQYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenalene Chemical group C1=CC(CC=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XDJOIMJURHQYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003039 picenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000724 poly(L-arginine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010011110 polyarginine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002704 polyhistidine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000656 polylysine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pristane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyranthrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC3=C(C=CC=C4)C4=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubicene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC3=C2C1=C1C=CC=C2C4=CC=CC=C4C3=C21 FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEMQMWWWCBYPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-indacene Chemical group C=1C2=CC=CC2=CC2=CC=CC2=1 WEMQMWWWCBYPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHFUOMFWUGWKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N s2C Natural products S=C1N=C(N)C=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 RHFUOMFWUGWKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004400 serine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical group [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004632 tetrahydrothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005458 thianyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001583 thiepanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000008521 threonine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000954 titration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HDZZVAMISRMYHH-KCGFPETGSA-N tubercidin Chemical compound C1=CC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O HDZZVAMISRMYHH-KCGFPETGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002374 tyrosine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N uracil arabinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045145 uridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UUOKFMHZSA-N xanthosine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(NC(=O)NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
L3は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L4は、
L5は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R1及びR2は、オリゴペプチド及びRyから独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R1及びR2の少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
そして、Ryは、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R3は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を提供する。
[式中、L1及びL2は、
L3の出現の少なくとも1回は、
ここで、T1は、
ここで、LTは、
残りのL3基は、出現するたびに、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L4は、
L5は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R1、R2及びRTは、オリゴペプチド及びRyから独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R1、R2及びRTの少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
そして、Ryは、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R3は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を提供する。
用語“ハロゲン”(又は“ハロ”)は、フッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素を含む。
−CH=が−N=によって置換されている;
≡C−Hが≡Nによって置換されている;又は
−CH2−が、−O−、−S(O)t−又は−NRN−によって置換されている
ということである。
(a)式I又は式IIによるポリマーであって、一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の正電荷を有するポリマー;及び
(b)式I又は式IIによるポリマーであって、一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の負電荷を有するポリマー
を含んでいてもよい。
試薬及び溶媒は、Sigma−Aldrich社及びPanreac社より入手し、特に記載のない限り、そのまま使用した。プラスミドpmaxGFP(3486bp)はAmaxa社から入手した。細胞株は、ATCC(バージニア州マナッサス)から入手し、37℃、5%CO2雰囲気下にて、Gibco社より入手した、10%ウシ胎仔血清、100単位/mlのペニシリン、100ug/mLのストレプトマイシン、0.1mMのMEM非必須アミノ酸(NEAA)、2mMのL−グルタミンを含有する完全DMEM中に維持した。
ポリ(β−アミノエステル)は、文献(例えば、Montserrat,N.ら、J.Biol.Chem.286,12417−12428(2011))に記載されている2工程手順に従って合成した。最初に、アクリレート末端ポリマーを、第一アミンとジアクリレートの付加反応によって合成した(アミン:ジアクリレートを1:1.2のモル比で)。最後に、得られたアクリレート末端ポリマーを異なる種類のアミン−及びチオール−含有部分(amine- and thiol-bearing moieties)で末端キャッピング修飾することにより、PBAEsを得た。合成された構造は、1H−NMR及びFT−IR分析により確認した。NMRスペクトルは、400MHz Varian(Varian NMR Instruments社、イリノイ州Claredon Hills)にて記録し、メタノール−d4を溶媒として使用した。IRスペクトルは、Nicolet Magna 560(Thermo Fisher Scientific社、マサチューセッツ州ウォルサム)とKBrビームスプリッターを用い、蒸着膜中の溶媒としてメタノールを使用して得た。分子量測定は、2本のGPC Ultrastyragelカラム、103及び104Å(5μm混合、300mm×19mm、Waters Millipore Corporation社、米国マサチューセッツ州ミルフォード)を備えたHewlett−Packard 1050 Series HPLCシステム上で、THFを移動相として実施した。分子量は、ポリスチレン標準のリテンションタイムとの比較により算出した。
1,4−ブタンジオールジアクリレート(8.96g、4.07×10−2mol)と5−アミノ−1−ペンタノール(3.5g、3.39×10−2mol)をバイアル中で混合した。混合物を90℃で24時間撹拌した後、室温に冷却して、わずかに黄色の粘稠固体、アクリレート末端中間体(C32とする)を形成させた。中間体C32は、次の工程で使用されるまで4℃で保管された。
第一アミンで末端修飾されたPBAEsを、Zugates,G.T.ら,Bioconjugate Chem.18,1887−1896(2007)に規定されているようにして製造した。中間体C32(1g、0.5mmol)のTHF(2ml)中溶液を1,5−ジアミノ−2−メチル−ペンタン(0.24g、0.271ml、2mmol)のTHF(8ml)中溶液と混合した。混合物を室温で一晩撹拌し、次いでジエチルエーテル(100ml)中に沈殿させ、最後に真空下で乾燥させた。
ジアミン末端修飾ポリ(β−アミノエステル)、B3を、各所に記載の手順に従って合成した(Zugates,G.T.ら,Bioconj.Chem.18 1887-1896(2007)、Yang,F.ら,Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.USA.107 3317-3322(2010)、Sunshine,J.C.Biomacromolecules 12 3592-3600(2011))。簡潔に述べると、5−アミノ−1−ペンタノール(3.44g、33mmol)及び1,4−ブタンジオールジアクリレート(7.93g、40mmol)を、磁気撹拌下90℃で24時間重合させた。得られたアクリレート末端ポリマーC32(1g、0.4mmol)及び2−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン(0.23g、0.27mL、2mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、室温で一晩撹拌した。得られたジアミン末端修飾ポリマーB3をジエチルエーテル中での沈殿により単離し、真空下で乾燥させた。
IR(蒸着膜):ν = 1055, 1089, 1125, 1196 (C-O), 1257, 1463, 1733 (C=O), 2079, 2191, 2253, 2861, 2936, 3398 (N-H, O-H) cm−1
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, TMS) (ppm): δ = 4.11 (t, CH2-CH 2-O), 3.72 (t), 3,55 (t, CH2-CH 2-OH), 2.87 (t, -NH-CH 2-CH2-C(=O)-), 2.77 (t, CH2-CH 2-N-), 2.60-2.51 (br, -NH-CH 2-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)-NH-), 2.46 (br, >N-CH 2-(CH2)4-OH, >N-CH2-CH 2-C(=O)-O), 1.87 (br), 1.73 (br), 1.60-1.41 (br, -O-CH2-CH 2-CH 2-CH2-O, -CH 2-CH2-OH, -CH 2-CH2-NH2), 1.35 (br, -N-CH2-CH 2-CH 2-(CH2)2-OH), 0.94 (d, CH 3-CH< ジアミン由来)。
一般に、オリゴペプチド修飾PBAEsは以下のようにして得た。アクリレート−末端ポリマーC32又はC32SSと、アミン−又はチオール−末端オリゴペプチドのいずれか(例えば、HS−Cys−Arg−Arg−Arg(CR3)、H2N−Arg−Arg−Arg(R3)又はHS−Cys−Glu−Glu−Glu(CE3)−他のオリゴペプチドも標準の一文字コードを用いる同様の略号により表記される)をDMSO中に1:2のモル比で混合した。混合物を室温で一晩撹拌し、得られたポリマーをジエチルエーテル:アセトン(3:1)中での沈殿により得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, TMS) (ppm): δ = 4.41-4.33 (br, NH2-C(=O)-CH-NH-C(=O)-CH-NH-C(=O)-CH-NH-C(=O)-CH-CH2-, 4.11 (t, CH2-CH 2-O), 3.55 (t, CH2-CH 2-OH), 3.22 (br, NH2-C(=NH)-NH-CH 2-, OH-(CH2)4-CH 2-N-), 3.04 (t, CH2-CH 2-N-), 2.82 (dd, -CH 2-S-CH 2), 2.48 (br, -N-CH2-CH 2-C(=O)-O), 1.90 (m, NH2-C(=NH)-NH-(CH2)2-CH 2-CH-), 1.73 (br, -O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O), 1.69 (m, NH2-C(=NH)-NH-CH2-CH 2-CH2-), 1.56 (br, -CH 2-CH2-CH 2-CH2-OH), 1.39 (br, -N-(CH2)2-CH 2-(CH2)2-OH)。
IR (蒸着膜): ν = 721, 799, 834, 1040, 1132, 1179 (C-O), 1201, 1397, 1459, 1541, 1675 (C=O, ペプチドのアミド由来), 1732 (C=O, エステル由来), 2861, 2940, 3348 (N-H, O-H) cm−1
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, TMS) (ppm): δ = 4.38-4.29 (br, NH2-(CH2) 4-CH-), 4.13 (t, CH2-CH 2-O-),3.73 (br,NH2-CH-CH2-S-), 3.55 (t, CH2-CH 2-OH), 2.94 (br, CH2-CH 2-N-, NH2-CH 2-(CH2)3-CH-), 2.81 (dd, -CH 2-S-CH 2), 2.57 (br, -N-CH2-CH 2-C(=O)-O), 1.85 (m, NH2-(CH2)3-CH 2-CH-), 1.74 (br, -O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O), 1.68 (m, NH2-CH2-CH 2-(CH2) 2-CH-), 1.54 (br, -CH 2-CH2-CH 2-CH2-OH), 1.37 (br, -N-(CH2)2-CH 2-(CH2)2-OH)。
IR (蒸着膜): ν = 720, 799, 832, 1040, 1132, 1201, 1335, 1403, 1467, 1539, 1674 (C=O, ペプチドのアミド由来), 1731 (C=O, エステル由来), 2865, 2941, 3336 (N-H, O-H) cm−1
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, TMS) (ppm): δ = 8.0-7.0 (br -N(=CH)-NH-C(=CH)-) 4.61-4.36 (br, -CH2-CH-), 4.16 (t, CH2-CH 2-O-), 3.55 (t, CH2-CH 2-OH), 3.18 (t, CH2-CH 2-N-, 3.06 (dd, -CH 2-CH-), 2.88 (br, OH-(CH2)4-CH 2-N-), 2.82 (dd, -CH 2-S-CH 2-), 2.72 (br, -N-CH2-CH 2-C(=O)-O), 1.75 (br, -O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O), 1.65 (m, NH2-CH2-CH 2-(CH2)2 -CH-), 1.58 (br, -CH 2-CH2-CH 2-CH2-OH), 1.40 (br, -N-(CH2)2-CH 2-(CH2)2-OH)。
一般に、非対称オリゴペプチド修飾PBAEsは以下のようにして得た。アクリレート−末端ポリマーC32(又はC32SS)と、アミン−又はチオール−末端オリゴペプチドのいずれか(例えば、CR3、R3又はCE3)をDMSO中で1:1のモル比で混合した。混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。等モル量の第二アミン−又はチオール−末端オリゴペプチド、又は第一アミンを加え、混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。得られた非対称PBAEポリマーをジエチルエーテル/アセトン(3:1)中での沈殿により得た。非対称末端修飾B3−C32−CR3 PBAEsを得るための以下の合成手順は一例として示される。中間体C32(0.15g、0.075mmol)のDMSO(2mL)中溶液を対応するオリゴペプチドCys−Arg−Arg−Arg(CR3;0.055g、0.075mmol)のDMSO(1ml)中溶液と混合し、室温で一晩撹拌した。その後、2−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン(0.017g、0.02ml、0.15mmol)を、DMSO中、室温で4時間の間、混合物に加えた。非対称末端修飾ポリマーB3−C32−CR3とB3−C32−B3及びR3C−C32−CR3との混合物がジエチルエーテル/アセトン(3:1)中での一晩の沈殿により得られた。混合物はそれ以上の精製をせずに使用することも、又は非対称末端修飾ポリマーB3−C32−CR3は標準法によって混合物から分離することもできる。
様々なオリゴペプチド末端修飾PBAEsのライブラリーを、第一アミンをジアクリレートに加え、次いで末端修飾することによって合成した。式Iに従って、表1に示されているオリゴペプチド末端修飾PBAEsを合成した。
全ポリマーのストック溶液をDMSO中に調製した(100mg/ml)。これらのポリマー溶液を適当な濃度に希釈して(25mM酢酸緩衝液、pH5.0)、所望比率のポリマー−DNA(w/w)を得た。次に、100μlの希釈ポリマーを100μlのプラスミドDNA(25mM酢酸緩衝液(pH5.0)中60μg/mL)に加え、数秒間激しく渦混合し、次いで37℃のオーブン中で30分間インキュベートした。得られたナノ粒子を、ナノ粒子の特徴付けのためにリン酸緩衝生理食塩水中に希釈した。ポリマー−DNA複合体を、動的光散乱を用い、サイズ及びゼータ電位について特徴付けした(Zetasizer nano zs90、Malvern Instruments社)。結果を図1に示す。
プロトンスポンジ効果とは、エンドソーム脱出を促進することが示されている現象のことで、高い緩衝能を有するポリマーによって媒介され、トランスフェクション効率の増大をもたらす(Varkouhi,A.K.ら,J.Control.Rel.151 220−228(2011).)。一般に、第三アミンを構造中に有するポリマーは、5.0〜7.5のエンドソームpH範囲で緩衝効果を示す。これによって浸透圧の増大が引き起こされ、エンドソームの崩壊がもたらされる(Behr,J.Chimia 2 34−36(1997))。プロトンスポンジ効果に従って、新規に合成されたポリ(β−アミノエステル)の緩衝能をポリマー溶液の酸滴定により決定した(図2)。
本発明のポリマーと公知ポリマーのトランスフェクション効果を、緑色蛍光タンパク質をコードしたプラスミド(pGFP)の細胞への送達効率を評価することによって比較した。
MTSアッセイ(CellTiter 96(登録商標) AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay,米国Promega Corporation社)を用いて、本願に記載されたポリマーをトランスフェクトされたcos−7細胞の生存率を評価した。細胞生存率は、トランスフェクションの48時間後、MTSアッセイを製造業者の指示通りに用いて評価した。簡潔に述べると、実施例5と同様の方法によって、細胞にpGFPをトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクションの48時間後に培地を除去し、細胞をPBSで洗浄し、MTS(20%v/v)を補充された完全培地を加えた。細胞を37℃でインキュベートし、マイクロプレートリーダーを用いて吸光度を490nmで測定した。細胞生存率は、非処理細胞と比較した相対パーセンテージで表された。結果を図5に示す。図中、R/H、K/H及びR/Kは、R3C−C32−CR3、K3C−C32−CK3又はH3C−C32−CH3 PBAEsの1:1混合物(w/w)を表す。
本発明のポリマーのsiRNA送達効率を、GFP特異的siRNAを用い、GFPレポーター安定細胞株にて評価した。
本発明のポリマーのカプセル化効率をウシインスリン(Sigma Aldrich社)を用いて評価した。簡潔に述べると、グルタミン酸末端修飾PBAEs E3C−C32−CE3(60mg/mLで16.7μL)をウシインスリンの溶液(HEPES緩衝液中0.01mg/mLで1mL、100mM及びpH7.2)に加え、次いでリシン末端修飾PBAEs K3C−C32−CK3(100mg/mLで10μL)を加え、最終のポリマー:タンパク質比を200:1とした。混合物を室温で30分間インキュベートした。得られたナノ粒子をCentricon装置(10KDaカットオフ、Merck Millipore社)を用いて遠心分離し、インスリン含有ナノ粒子を非カプセル化インスリンから分離した。カプセル化の程度は、ビシンコニンアッセイ(BCAタンパク質アッセイ試薬、ThermoScientific社)を用いて非カプセル化インスリンを測定し、インスリンのオリジナル溶液と比較することによって計算した。結果を図8に示す。図中、NP1及びNP2は独立した複製である。
本発明の態様
態様1 式I:
L 3 は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L 4 は、
L 5 は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R 1 及びR 2 は、オリゴペプチド及びR y から独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R 1 及びR 2 の少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
そして、R y は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R 3 は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩。
態様2 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、3〜20個のアミノ酸残基を含む、態様1に記載のポリマー。
態様3 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の正電荷を有する、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様4 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、リシン、アルギニン及びヒスチジンからなる群から選ばれるアミノ酸残基を含む、態様3に記載のポリマー。
態様5 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、式VII:
態様6 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の負電荷を有する、態様1に記載のポリマー。
態様7 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、式VII:
態様8 R 1 及びR 2 がともにオリゴペプチドである、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様9 R 1 及びR 2 が異なるオリゴペプチドである、態様8に記載のポリマー。
態様10 R 1 及びR 2 の一つがオリゴペプチドで、R 1 及びR 2 の一つがR y である、態様1〜7のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様11 nが1〜20である、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様12 R y が、水素、−(CH 2 ) m NH 2 、−(CH 2 ) m NHMe、−(CH 2 ) m OH、−(CH 2 ) m CH 3 、−(CH 2 ) 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m NH 2 、−(CH 2 ) 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m OH又は−(CH 2 ) 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m CH 3 からなる群から選ばれ、mが1〜20の整数である、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様13 各L 3 が、−C 1−10 アルキレン−(S−S) q −C 1−10 アルキレン−からなる群から独立に選ばれ、qが0又は1である、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様14 各R 3 が、水素、C 1−6 アルキル、C 1−6 アルケニル、C 1−6 アルキニル、C 1−6 ヒドロキシアルキル、ヒドロキシル、C 1−6 アルコキシ、ハロゲン、アリール、ヘテロサイクリック、ヘテロアリール、シアノ、−O 2 C−C 1−6 アルキル、カルバモイル、−CO2H、−CO 2 −C 1−6 アルキル、C 1−6 アルキルチオエーテル、チオール、又はウレイドから独立に選ばれる、前記態様のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
態様15 活性薬剤と、態様1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーとを含む組成物。
態様16 活性薬剤がポリヌクレオチドである、態様15に記載の組成物。
態様17 ポリヌクレオチドがsiRNA又はmiRNAである、態様16に記載の組成物。
態様18 ポリヌクレオチドが、20〜30ヌクレオチドの長さである、態様16に記載の組成物。
態様19 組成物が、ポリヌクレオチドとポリマーを含有するナノ粒子を含む、態様16〜18のいずれかに記載の組成物。
態様20 ポリマーが、態様3に記載のポリマーと態様6に記載のポリマーを含む、態様15〜19のいずれかに記載の組成物。
態様21 薬剤を、態様1〜14のいずれかに記載のポリマーのマトリックス中にカプセル化してナノ粒子を形成させる方法であって、該方法は、薬剤を準備し;ポリマーを準備し;そして薬剤とポリマーを適切な条件下で接触させてナノ粒子を形成させる工程を含む方法。
態様22 薬剤が、DNA、RNA、siRNA及びmiRNAから選ばれるポリヌクレオチド、小分子又はタンパク質である、態様21に記載の方法。
態様23 接触工程が、(a)薬剤とポリマーの混合物のスプレー乾燥、(b)二重エマルション溶媒蒸発技術(double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques)又は(c)転相技術を含む、態様21又は22に記載の方法。
態様24 医薬に使用するための、態様1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー又は態様15〜20のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
Claims (23)
- 式I:
L3は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L4は、
L5は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R1及びR2は、オリゴペプチド及びRyから独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R1及びR2の少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の正電荷を有する;または一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で負に荷電した天然アミノ酸とpH7で正に荷電した天然アミノ酸との混合物を含み;
そして、Ryは、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R3は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩。 - 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、リシン及びアルギニンからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基を含み;または一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で負に荷電した天然アミノ酸とpH7で正に荷電した天然アミノ酸との混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、3〜20個のアミノ酸残基を含む、請求項1または2に記載のポリマー。
- 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の正電荷を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
- 一つの又は各オリゴペプチドが、リシン、アルギニン及びヒスチジンからなる群から選ばれるアミノ酸残基を含む、請求項1または2に記載のポリマー。
- R1及びR2がともにオリゴペプチドである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- R1及びR2が異なるオリゴペプチドである、請求項7に記載のポリマー。
- R1及びR2の一つがオリゴペプチドで、R1及びR2の一つがRyである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- nが1〜20である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- Ryが、水素、−(CH2)mNH2、−(CH2)mNHMe、−(CH2)mOH、−(CH2)mCH3、−(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)mNH2、−(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)mOH又は−(CH2)2(OCH2CH2)mCH3からなる群から選ばれ、mが1〜20の整数である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 各L3が、−C1−10 アルキレン−(S−S)q−C1−10アルキレン−からなる群から独立に選ばれ、qが0又は1である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 各R3が、水素、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルケニル、C1−6アルキニル、C1−6ヒドロキシアルキル、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロゲン、アリール、ヘテロサイクリック、ヘテロアリール、シアノ、−O2C−C1−6アルキル、カルバモイル、−CO2H、−CO2−C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルキルチオエーテル、チオール、又はウレイドから独立に選ばれる、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- (a)式I:
L3は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L4は、
L5は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R1及びR2は、オリゴペプチド及びRyから独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R1及びR2の少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の正電荷を有し;
そして、Ryは、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R3は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩;と
(b)式I:
L3は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
L4は、
L5は、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレン、アリーレン又はヘテロアリーレンからなる群から独立に選ばれ;
R1及びR2は、オリゴペプチド及びRyから独立に選ばれ;
ここで、R1及びR2の少なくとも一つはオリゴペプチドであり;
一つの又は各オリゴペプチドがpH7で正味の負電荷を有し;
そして、Ryは、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から選ばれ;
各R3は、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アシル、アリール又はヘテロアリールからなる群から独立に選ばれ;そして
nは5〜10,000の整数である]のポリマー
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩;とを含む、
ナノ粒子。 - 活性薬剤をさらに含む、請求項14に記載のナノ粒子。
- 活性薬剤と、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーとを含む組成物、または請求項15に記載のナノ粒子を含む組成物。
- 活性薬剤がポリヌクレオチドである、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- ポリヌクレオチドがRNA、DNA又はsiRNAである、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、ポリヌクレオチドとポリマーを含有するナノ粒子を含む、請求項17または18に記載の組成物。
- 薬剤を、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーのマトリックス中にカプセル化してナノ粒子を形成させる方法であって、該方法は、薬剤を準備し;ポリマーを準備し;そして薬剤とポリマーを適切な条件下で接触させてナノ粒子を形成させる工程を含む方法。
- 薬剤が、DNA、RNA及びsiRNAから選ばれるポリヌクレオチド、小分子又はタンパク質である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 接触工程が、(a)薬剤とポリマーの混合物のスプレー乾燥、(b)二重エマルション溶媒蒸発技術(double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques)又は(c)転相技術を含む、請求項20又は21に記載の方法。
- 医薬に使用するための、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー、請求項14または15に記載のナノ粒子、又は請求項16〜18のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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