JP6458000B2 - ガンマグルタミル回路調節のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
ガンマグルタミル回路調節のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6458000B2 JP6458000B2 JP2016503319A JP2016503319A JP6458000B2 JP 6458000 B2 JP6458000 B2 JP 6458000B2 JP 2016503319 A JP2016503319 A JP 2016503319A JP 2016503319 A JP2016503319 A JP 2016503319A JP 6458000 B2 JP6458000 B2 JP 6458000B2
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- RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N troxacitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)OC1 RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZZVAMISRMYHH-LITAXDCLSA-N tubercidin Chemical compound C1=CC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HDZZVAMISRMYHH-LITAXDCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003364 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700008509 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940052016 turmeric extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229950009811 ubenimex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001055 uracil mustard Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004362 urtoxazumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLDWLPRYLVPDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vatalanib succinate Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=NN=C1CC1=CC=NC=C1 LLDWLPRYLVPDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099039 velcade Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000304 virulence factor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002034 xenobiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000641 zorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本開示は概して、一般式Iの新規化合物およびその薬学的に許容される塩またはエステルに関する。本開示はまた、それらを含む薬学的組成物、前述の化合物の作製法、およびガンマグルタミル回路阻害剤(GGCI)としてのそれらの使用にも関し、これらは疾患、特に悪性病変、悪性病変に関連する合併症、およびガンマグルタミル回路(GGC)が関係するとされる他の病原性状態の処置または予防において有用である。特に、本開示は、ガンマグルタミル回路およびグルタチオンの新規生合成を調節することによる、悪性病変の処置のための方法および組成物を提供する。
下記は本開示の様々な局面および態様を理解する際に有用でありうる情報を含む。本明細書において提供するいかなる情報も、本明細書において記載する、もしくは特許請求する発明に対する先行技術である、もしくはそれらに関連するとの自認ではなく、または具体的もしくは暗に引用するいかなる出版物もしくは文書も先行技術であるとの自認ではない。
式中:
Rは、置換されていてもよいアリール、ヘテロアリール、パラ-メトキシフェニル、メチルカルボニル、2,6-ジメチル-1,5-ヘプタジエニル、2,6-ジメチル-5-ヘプテニル、オルト-ヒドロキシフェニル、フェニル、および3-アルデヒド-プロピルから独立に選択され;
R2は、H、COOH;グルコースエステル、およびグルクロン酸エステルからなる群より独立に選択され;
R3およびR4は、H、メチルまたは低級アルキルから独立に選択され;かつ
Sは、置換されていてもよい硫黄、セレン、テルル、または酸素からなる群より独立に選択される。
を有する化合物ならびにその塩、および結晶、および多形体に関し、式中、R1は-OCH3であり、かつR2、R3、およびR4は式(I)について前述のとおりである。いくつかの態様において、式(III):
を有する化合物またはその塩、結晶、および多形体も、本明細書においてPMB-GGCIまたはMBDTAと呼ぶ。
を有する化合物ならびにその塩、結晶、および多形体に関し、R2がCOOHであり、かつR3およびR4がメチルである場合、本明細書においてSA-GGCIとも呼ぶ。
を有する化合物ならびにその塩、および結晶、および多形体に関し、R2がCOOHであり、かつR3およびR4がメチルである場合、本明細書においてBA-GGCIとも呼ぶ。
[1]
式(I)によって示される化合物、またはそのエステル、立体異性体、幾何異性体、互変異性体、光学異性体、および薬学的に許容される塩:
式中:
Rが、置換されていてもよいアリール、ヘテロアリール、パラ-メトキシフェニル、メチルカルボニル、2,6-ジメチル-1,5-ヘプタジエニル、2,6-ジメチル-5-ヘプテニル、オルト-ヒドロキシフェニル、フェニル、および3-アルデヒド-プロピルから独立に選択され;
R2が、H、COOH;およびエステル化グルコースまたはグルクロン酸からなる群より独立に選択され;
R3およびR4が、H、メチルまたは低級アルキルから独立に選択され;
Sが、置換されていてもよい硫黄、セレン、テルル、または酸素からなる群より独立に選択され、
ただしR3およびR4がHである場合、Rはオルト-ヒドロキシフェニルではない。
[2]
式(II):
を有する、[1]記載の化合物。
[3]
R 1 が-OCH3である、[2]記載の化合物。
[4]
式(III):
またはその塩、および結晶、および多形体を有する、[1]記載の化合物。
[5]
式(IV):
またはその塩、および結晶、および多形体を有し、さらにRがCOOHであり、かつR3およびR4がメチルである、[1]記載の化合物。
[6]
式(IV):
またはその塩、および結晶、および多形体を有し、さらにRがCOOHであり、かつR3およびR4がメチルである、[1]記載の化合物。
[7]
[1]〜[7]のいずれか一項記載の化合物、塩、結晶、または多形体と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む薬学的組成物。
[8]
5-オキソプロリン類縁体の有効量を含む、腫瘍細胞を選択的に処置するための組成物であって、それにより類縁体が代謝され、ガンマグルタミル回路においてグルタミン酸の合成を阻害する際に有効である、組成物。
[9]
グルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼを阻害する、[8]記載の組成物。
[10]
グルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼを阻害する組成物が、2-イミノ-3-パラ-メトキシベンジル-4 スルファニル-5ジメチル1-カルボン酸を含む、[8]記載の組成物。
[11]
2-イミノ-3-パラ-メトキシベンジル-4 スルファニル-5ジメチル1-カルボン酸の塩および多形体を含む、[10]記載の組成物。
[12]
GGCI分子とベシラート分子(ベシラート塩)との交互の層を有する、実質的に純粋なGGCI結晶を含む組成物。
[13]
癌、過形成、新生物からなる群より選択される状態の処置用の医薬を調製するための、[1]〜[7]のいずれか一項記載の化合物の使用。
[14]
それにより腫瘍進行が阻害もしくは低減され、またはMDRが阻害もしくは低減される、[15]記載の使用。
[15]
癌を処置する方法であって、それを必要としている対象に、ガンマグルタミル回路阻害剤(GGCI)を含む薬学的組成物の治療的有効量を投与する段階を含み、それによりガンマグルタミル回路による生合成が阻害される、方法。
[16]
GGCIが5-オキソプロリン類縁体である、[15]記載の方法。
[17]
それによりGGC回路において5-オキソプロリナーゼにより触媒される反応段階が阻害される、[15]記載の方法。
[18]
5-オキソプロリン類縁体が、2-イミノ-3-パラ-メトキシベンジル-4スルファニル-5ジメチル1-カルボン酸である、[16]記載の方法。
[19]
それによりグルタチオンのレベルが癌細胞において低減する、[16]記載の方法。
[20]
化合物がグルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼを阻害する、[15]記載の方法。
[21]
GGCIの有効用量が約10mg/kg〜約6g/kgの範囲である、[15]記載の方法。
[22]
GGCIの有効用量を、各用量につき約3.5g/kg〜約4.0g/kgの1つまたは複数の用量で与える、[15]記載の方法。
[23]
GGCIの1つまたは複数の有効用量を皮下、静脈内、または筋肉内投与する、[15]記載の方法。
[24]
GGCIの1つまたは複数の有効用量を経口投与する、[15]記載の方法。
[25]
癌が固形腫瘍である、[15]記載の方法。
[26]
固形腫瘍が肉腫、癌腫、またはリンパ腫を含む、[25]記載の方法。
[27]
癌が、肺、乳房、前立腺、膵臓、卵巣、膀胱、頭頸部、甲状腺、脳、皮膚および腎臓からなる群より選択される、[26]記載の方法。
[28]
GGCIの各用量が約1ng/kg〜約10mg/kg未満の間であり、該用量を、皮内、筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内、局所、皮下、経口および硬膜外経路からなる群より選択される送達経路によって投与する、[34]記載の方法。
[29]
式(I)によって示される化合物、またはそのエステル、立体異性体、幾何異性体、互変異性体、光学異性体、および薬学的に許容される塩:
式中:
Rが、置換されていてもよいアリール、ヘテロアリール、パラ-メトキシフェニル、メチルカルボニル、2,6-ジメチル-1,5-ヘプタジエニル、2,6-ジメチル-5-ヘプテニル、オルト-ヒドロキシフェニル、フェニル、および3-アルデヒド-プロピルから独立に選択され;
R2が、H、COOH;およびエステル化グルコースまたはグルクロン酸からなる群より独立に選択され;
R3およびR4が、H、メチルまたは低級アルキルから独立に選択され、
ただしR3およびR4がHである場合、アルデヒドはサリチルアルデヒドではなく;
Sが、置換されていてもよい硫黄、セレン、テルル、または酸素からなる群より独立に選択される。
本明細書において記載し、特許請求する発明は、本概要に示す、または記載する、または参照するものを含むが、それらに限定されるわけではない、多くの特質および態様を有する。すべてを含むことは意図されず、また本明細書において記載し、特許請求する発明は、本概要、または本概要において特定される特徴もしくは態様に限定されることはなく、これは例示のために含まれるにすぎず、限定のためではない。さらなる態様は以下の詳細な説明において開示されるであろう。
したがって、本開示は概して、新規ガンマグルタミル回路阻害剤に関する。本開示は、非癌性起源の細胞に比べて、癌性細胞中で見られる酵素ガンマグルタミルトランスペプチダーゼの高い活性および癌性細胞の実質的に速い分裂速度に基づいている。例えば、GGCの1つまたは複数の酵素を阻止および/または妨害することによるGGCの阻害は、癌細胞成長の抑制および癌細胞の数の低減を引き起こしうる。GGCの阻害は、ガンマグルタミル回路における酵素の「偽代謝物」競合阻害剤を提示することにより達成することができ、これは癌細胞などの急速に分裂中の細胞に対して優先的に作用する。そうすることにより、本開示のGGCIは、非癌性細胞よりも癌細胞に対して有害な効果を有しうる。
「アルキル」なる用語は、直鎖アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、ノニル、デシルなど)、分枝鎖アルキル基(イソプロピル、tert-ブチル、イソブチルなど)、シクロアルキル(脂環式)基(シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル)、アルキル置換シクロアルキル基、およびシクロアルキル置換アルキル基を含む、飽和脂肪族基を含む。アルキルなる用語は、炭化水素骨格の1つまたは複数の炭素に置き換わる原子である、酸素、窒素、硫黄、またはリンを含む、アルキル基をさらに含む。「芳香族アルキル」なる用語は、1つまたは複数のアリール基で置換されたアルキル基を含む。本明細書において用いられる「低級アルキル」なる用語は、「3個以下の炭素」を意味する。
本発明の式Iの化合物を、処置する状態に適した任意の経路によって投与してもよい。適切な経路には、腹腔内(IP)、経口、非経口(皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、動脈内、皮内、くも膜下腔内および硬膜外を含む)、経皮、直腸、鼻、局所(口腔および舌下を含む)、膣、肺内および鼻内が含まれる。局所免疫抑制処置のために、化合物を、灌流を含む病巣内投与によって、または移植の前に移植片を阻害剤と接触させることによって投与してもよい。好ましい経路は、例えば、受容者の状態によって変動しうることが理解されるであろう。化合物を経口投与する場合、薬学的に許容される担体または賦形剤と共に、丸剤、カプセル剤、錠剤などとして製剤してもよい。化合物を非経口的に投与する場合、以下に詳細に述べるとおり、薬学的に許容される非経口媒体と共に、単位用量注射用剤形で製剤してもよい。
本発明の式Iの化合物は、癌を含むが、それに限定されるわけではない、過剰増殖疾患、状態、および/または障害を処置するために有用である。したがって、本発明の1つの局面は、GGCを阻害することにより処置または予防しうる疾患または状態の処置法または予防法を含む。1つの態様において、方法は、それを必要としている対象に、式Iの化合物、またはその立体異性体、鏡像異性体、位置異性体、互変異性体、もしくは薬学的に許容される塩の治療的有効量を投与する段階を含む。1つの態様において、ヒト患者を、式Iの化合物および薬学的に許容される担体、補助剤、または媒体で処置し、ここで該式Iの化合物はGGC活性を検出可能に阻害する量で存在する。
ヒトを含む哺乳動物の治療的処置(予防的処置を含む)のために式Iの化合物を使用するために、これを通常は薬学的組成物として標準の薬学的業務に従って製剤する。本発明の本局面に従い、本発明の化合物を薬学的に許容される希釈剤または担体と共に含む薬学的組成物が提供される。
式Iの化合物は、過剰増殖障害(例えば、癌)などの本明細書に記載の疾患または障害の処置のために、単独で、または他の治療剤との併用で用いてもよい。一定の態様において、式Iの化合物を、抗過剰増殖特性を有する、または過剰増殖障害(例えば、癌)を処置するのに有用な、第二の化合物と、薬学的併用製剤、または併用療法としての投与計画において組み合わせる。薬学的併用製剤または投与計画の第二の化合物は、好ましくは、互いに有害な影響を及ぼさないような、式Iの化合物に対する相補的活性を有する。そのような化合物は、所期の目的のために有効な量で、適切に組み合わせで存在する。1つの態様において、本発明の組成物は、式Iの化合物を、本明細書に記載のような化学療法剤との組み合わせで含む。
本発明の範囲内に同様に入るのは、本明細書に記載の式Iのインビボ代謝産物である。そのような生成物は、例えば、投与した化合物の酸化、還元、加水分解、アミド化、脱アミド、エステル化、エステル分解、酵素的切断などによって生じうる。したがって、本発明は、本発明の化合物を哺乳動物と、その代謝産物を生じるのに十分な期間接触させることを含む工程によって産生される化合物を含む、式Iの化合物の代謝物を含む。
本発明の別の態様において、前述の疾患および障害の処置のために有用な材料を含む、製造品、または「キット」を提供する。キットは、式Iの化合物を含む容器を含む。キットは、容器上または容器と共にラベルまたは添付文書をさらに含む。「添付文書」なる用語は、治療用製品の商業的包装に慣習的に含まれる説明書を意味し、そのような治療用製品の使用に関する適応症、用法、用量、投与、禁忌および/または警告についての情報を含む。適切な容器には、例えば、瓶、バイアル、シリンジ、ブリスターパックなどが含まれる。容器は、ガラスまたはプラスチックなどの様々な材料で形成されてもよい。容器は、状態を処置するために有効な式Iの化合物またはその製剤を保持してもよく、無菌のアクセスポートを有してもよい(例えば、容器は、皮下注射針で穿刺可能な栓を有する静脈内液剤バッグまたはバイアルであってもよい)。組成物中の少なくとも1つの活性な剤は式Iの化合物である。ラベルまたは添付文書は、組成物が癌などの選択された状態を処置するために用いられることを示す。加えて、ラベルまたは添付文書は、処置される患者は過剰増殖障害などの障害を有する患者であることを示してもよい。1つの態様において、ラベルまたは添付文書は、式Iの化合物を含む組成物は、異常な細胞成長によって生じる障害を処置するために用いうることを示す。ラベルまたは添付文書は、組成物は他の障害を処置するためにも用いうることを示してもよい。代わりに、または加えて、製造品は、注射用静菌水(BWFI)、リン酸緩衝化食塩水、リンゲル液およびデキストロース溶液などの、薬学的に許容される緩衝液を含む第二の容器をさらに含んでもよい。他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルター、針、およびシリンジを含む、商業的および使用者の見地から望ましい他の材料をさらに含んでもよい。
本発明の詳細な説明および実施例に記載の手順および合成スキームに従い、かつ当業者には公知の方法および合成手順を用いて、本発明の塩および組成物を作製してもよい。
本明細書における化合物ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物の治療的有効量は、約1mg/kg〜約10g/kgであってもよい。他の治療的有効用量範囲には、例えば、約1.5mg/kg〜約950mg/kg、約2mg/kg〜約90mg/kg、約3mg/kg〜約85mg/kg、約4mg/kg〜約80mg/kg、約5mg/kg〜約750mg/kg、約5mg/kg〜約700mg/kg、約5mg/kg〜約600mg/kg、約5mg/kg〜約500mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約400mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約300mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約200mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約250mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約200mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約200mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約150mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約100mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約75mg/kg、約10mg/kg〜約50mg/kg、約15mg/kg〜約35mg/kg、約15mg/kg〜約9500mg/kg、約20mg/kg〜約900mg/kg、約30mg/kg〜約850mg/kg、約40mg/kg〜約800mg/kg、 約50mg/kg〜約7500mg/kg、約50mg/kg〜約7000mg/kg、約50mg/kg〜約600mg/kg、約5mg/kg〜約500mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約4000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約3000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約2000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約2500mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約2000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約2000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約1500mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約1000mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約750mg/kg、約100mg/kg〜約500mg/kg、約150mg/kg〜約350mg/kgが含まれる。
GGC生化学回路はほとんどの生細胞中に存在する。これはアミノ酸、トランスフェリン、鉄、および他の成分の、生細胞の外側から細胞膜を通過して細胞質内への移動を可能にする。いくつかのそのようなアミノ酸はグルタチオンの新規生合成のために必須である。これは、アミノ酸の生細胞中への輸送を可能にする少数のメカニズムの1つであるが、グルタチオンの生合成のために不可欠であり、かつ輸送メカニズムのための補助因子としてインスリンを利用しない、唯一のメカニズムである。
いくつかの研究は、GGT活性の悪性表現型との関係、特にGGT発現の増大自体が新生物性形質転換において任意の能動的役割を果たすかどうかという疑問に取り組んできた。GSHの細胞再供給におけるGGTの関与、およびいくつかのGGT発現細胞株で観察される酸化促進薬物に対する耐性増大は、細胞防御システムの構成要素へのGGTの包含を示した。一方、いくつかの最近の所見は、特定の条件下で、GSHのGGTによる代謝は、いくつかの酸化還元感受性プロセスに対する調節効果と共に、酸化促進効果を発揮しうることを示している。
本発明は、GGCI剤が5-オキソプロリンの類縁体として選択的に作用することによりアミノ酸輸送を調節し、ガンマグルタミル回路を調節する能力を有するとの、驚くべき、予想外の発見に基づいている。
本明細書において用いられる、癌処置のための、注射に適した凍結乾燥製剤および液体製剤は特に有効である。本発明の態様において用いるのに適したGGCIの剤形は、本来非毒性および非治療的な生理的/薬学的に許容される担体を含む。そのような担体の例には、イオン交換剤、アルミナ、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、レシチン、ヒト血清アルブミンなどの血清タンパク質、リン酸塩などの緩衝物質、グリシン、ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸カリウム、飽和植物性脂肪酸の部分グリセリド混合物、水、塩、または流酸プロタミンなどの電解質、リン酸水素2ナトリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、亜鉛塩、コロイド状シリカ、三ケイ酸マグネシウム、ポリビニルピロリドン、セルロース系物質、P6N(Neumedicines, Pasadena, Ca.)およびPEGが含まれる。GGCIポリペプチドの局所またはゲル系剤形のための担体には、カルボキシメチルセルロースまたはメチルセルロースなどの多糖、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリレート、ポリオキシエチレン-ポリオキシプロピレン-ブロックポリマー、PEG、および木材ワックスアルコールが含まれる。すべての投与のために、通常のデポー剤形を適切に使用する。そのような剤形には、例えば、マイクロカプセル、ナノカプセル、リポソーム、硬膏剤、吸入剤系、鼻噴霧剤、舌下錠、および持続放出製剤が含まれる。
腫瘍を静脈内接種した無胸腺ヌードマウスの生存率を試験するために、接種マウスの1群をBA-GGCIで処置し、接種マウスの第二の群をプラシーボで処置し、BA-GGCIおよびプラシーボによる処置の効果を比較した。
ヌードマウスモデルを用いてのヒト肺癌の処置における例示的GGCIの有効性を、試験において示した。腫瘍を静脈内接種した無胸腺ヌードマウスの生存を試験するために、接種マウスの1群をラセミBA-GGCIで処置し、接種マウスの第二の群をプラシーボで処置し、BA-GGCIおよびプラシーボによる処置の効果を比較した。
進行前立腺癌の患者2名を、例示的GGCIによるコンパッショネートユースプログラムの下で処置した。
本発明の例示的鏡像異性GGCI化合物の相対活性を比較した。ベンズアルデヒド、サリチルアルデヒドおよびパラ-メトキシベンズアルデヒドの結合体を、第二の反応物として鏡像異性L-またはD-ペニシラミンのいずれかを用いて調製した。ヒト前立腺癌の処置におけるラセミBA-GGCI、ラセミSA-GGCIおよびラセミPMB-GGCIの有効性を、ヌードマウスにヒト前立腺腫瘍細胞株を静脈内接種した以外は、実施例2のとおりにヌードマウスモデルを用いて試験した。接種マウスの1群をラセミBA-GGCIで処置し、接種マウスの対照群をプラシーボで処置し、GGCIおよびプラシーボによる処置の効果を比較した。処置への反応を[PSA]の変化によってモニターした。結果は他のヌードマウス-ヒト腫瘍モデルで得たものと同様で、ラセミGGCIで処置したマウスの群は対照群よりも有意に高い生存率を示した。ラセミSA-GGCIまたはPMB-GGCIも試験し、同様の結果を示した。
LD50データを測定し、例示的ガンマグルタミル回路阻害剤の毒性試験をBalb Cマウスで実施した。L-ペニシラミンおよびメチルグリオキサールの結合体(MGPA)を約4500mg/kg ip、5000mg/kg経口で投与した。L-ペニシラミンおよびパラ-メトキシフェニルの結合体(PMPA)を5250mg/kg ip、5500mg/kg経口で投与し;L-ペニシラミンおよびシトロネラールの結合体(CNPA)を3250mg/kg ip、4500mg/kg経口で投与した。
B6C3F1マウスにおけるL-ペニシラミンおよびサリチルアルデヒドの結合体(L-SAPA)、L-ペニシラミンおよびベンズアルデヒドの結合体(L-BAPA)、L-ペニシラミンおよびピルビンアルデヒドの結合体(L-PAPA)およびL-ペニシラミンおよびグルタルジアルデヒドの結合体(L-GAPA)によるLD50判定の概要。
試料:L-チアゾリジン-ジ-メチル-カルボン酸:「L-BAPA」粉末を食物(ペレット)中に混合した。
動物および飼育:
8〜10週齢の、40匹の雌および40匹の雄CD1マウスを、ケージ(トップがミリポアフィルターのケージ)に5匹ずつ収容し、その半数は対照として用い、通常のマウス飼料(飼育センターの食物工場で調製)を与えた。他の半数は実験群で、食物1kgあたり0.6gのL-チアゾリジン-メチル-カルボン酸を混合し、小さいペレット機でペレット状にした、同じ食物組成物を与えた。この食物は、対照飼料の6%の水分に比べて、12%の水分を含む。動物に自由に摂取させた。すべての動物を1週間に1回秤量し、食物消費を記録した。可能性のある臨床または薬学的効果を1日1回チェックした。4週間後、マウスを代謝ケージに24時間入れ、尿を回収し、次いで屠殺前に動物から採血した。血液を分析し、骨髄塗沫を鑑別計数のために調製した。
血液検査:ヘモグロビン。ヘマトクリット、赤血球数、白血球数。
臨床化学:アルカリ性ホスファターゼ、血液尿窒素、血清グルタミン酸ピルビン酸トランスアミナーゼ、血糖。
尿検査:潜血、タンパク質Ph、ビリルビン、ケトン、グルコース、亜硝酸塩、ウロビリノーゲン。
4週間の観察および投薬期間中に、マウスを可能性のある臨床症状について1日1回検査したが、臨床または他の効果は観察されなかった。
組織検査を各群について雄10匹および雌10匹で実施した。31の器官を各動物について検査した。脳の小脳および大脳領域は正常に見え、血管周囲反応の徴候はなかった。眼は正常であった。精巣において、精子形成は正常に見られた。卵巣において、すべての段階の卵胞が観察された。心筋および腸は正常で、乳腺は「若年」および正常であった。正常パターンがリンパ節(鼠径、腸間膜)縦隔、食道、膵臓、前立腺、子宮、下垂体、唾液腺、骨格筋、皮膚、脊髄、脾臓、胃、胸腺、および膀胱でも認められた。腎臓において、糸球体およびボーマン嚢は良好に見える。近位、遠位、曲および集合尿細管は無傷で、いかなる材料も含んでいない。肺の気管支周囲および肺胞領域は明瞭である。肝臓において、肝門部は明瞭で、上皮および類洞成分は正常に見える。
安全性の証明として、L-チアゾリジン-ジ-メチル-カルボン酸(「L-BAPA」)(0.6g/kg食物)を食物に混合し、4週間自由に摂取させたところ、マウスに対していかなる臨床または病理学的変化も生じない。
Claims (21)
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物、またはその塩と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む、ガンマグルタミル回路を阻害するための薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物またはその塩の有効量を含む、腫瘍細胞を選択的に処置するための組成物であって、それにより前記化合物が代謝され、ガンマグルタミル回路においてグルタミン酸の合成を阻害する際に有効である、組成物。
- グルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼを阻害する、請求項6記載の組成物。
- 癌、および新生物からなる群より選択される状態の処置用の医薬を調製するための、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の使用。
- それにより腫瘍進行が阻害もしくは低減され、またはMDRが阻害もしくは低減される、請求項8記載の使用。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物を含む、対象における癌処置用の薬学的組成物。
- それにより対象におけるGGC回路において5-オキソプロリナーゼにより触媒される反応段階が阻害される、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- それによりグルタチオンのレベルが対象の癌細胞において低減する、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物がグルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼを阻害する、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の有効用量が10mg/kg〜6g/kgの範囲である、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の有効用量を、各用量につき3.5g/kg〜4.0g/kgの1つまたは複数の用量で与える、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の1つまたは複数の有効用量を皮下、静脈内、または筋肉内投与する、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の1つまたは複数の有効用量を経口投与する、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 癌が固形腫瘍である、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
- 固形腫瘍が肉腫、癌腫、またはリンパ腫を含む、請求項18記載の薬学的組成物。
- 癌が、肺、乳房、前立腺、膵臓、卵巣、膀胱、頭頸部、甲状腺、脳、皮膚および腎臓からなる群より選択される、請求項19記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか一項記載の化合物の各用量が1ng/kg〜10mg/kg未満の間であり、該用量を、皮内、筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内、局所、皮下、経口および硬膜外経路からなる群より選択される送達経路によって投与する、請求項10記載の薬学的組成物。
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