JP6436874B2 - リチウム空気電気化学セル、リチウム空気電気化学セルを含む電池、およびその電池を備える車両 - Google Patents
リチウム空気電気化学セル、リチウム空気電気化学セルを含む電池、およびその電池を備える車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6436874B2 JP6436874B2 JP2015143824A JP2015143824A JP6436874B2 JP 6436874 B2 JP6436874 B2 JP 6436874B2 JP 2015143824 A JP2015143824 A JP 2015143824A JP 2015143824 A JP2015143824 A JP 2015143824A JP 6436874 B2 JP6436874 B2 JP 6436874B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- cathode
- air
- battery
- electrochemical cell
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 imide anion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical group CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008032 Li-La-Ti-O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008035 Li-La-Zr-O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006262 Li—La—Ti—O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006268 Li—La—Zr—O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical class C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 33
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001529297 Coregonus peled Species 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000581 Triticum monococcum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Description
本発明は、高い容量およびリサイクル効率を有するリチウム空気電池に向けられている。
この目的および他の目的は本発明によって対応され、その第1の実施形態はリチウム空気電気化学セルを含み、それは:
リチウム、リチウム合金、またはリチウムの吸着および放出ができる多孔質材料を含むアノードを含むアノード区画と;
空気カソードおよびイオン液体を含むカソード区画と;
アノード区画とカソード区画とを分離するリチウムイオン選択性膜とを含み;
リチウムイオン選択性膜からのカソードの距離が少なくとも0.1mmであるように、カソード区画は空間的に配置される。
この明細書を通じて、記載されるすべての範囲は、他に特に示されなければ、その中にすべての値および部分範囲を含む。加えて、不定冠詞「a」または「an」は、他に特に示されなければ、明細書を通じて「1つ以上」の意味を持つ。数値的制限または範囲が述べられる場合、その終了点が含まれる。さらに、数値的制限または範囲内のすべての値および部分範囲も、明示的に書き出されるかの如く、具体的に含まれる。「〜からなる群から選択された」、「〜から選ばれた」などの表現は、明記される材料の混合物を含む。「含む」などのような語は、特段の断りがなければ、「少なくとも〜を含む」を意味する開いた語である。
カソード:
カーボン紙(TGP−H−120、東レ株式会社)
セパレータ:
固体状態Liイオン導体:厚みが1mmのLATP系固体状態Liイオン導体、LIC−GC(OHARAガラス)
アノード区画のための電解質:
プロピレンカーボネート(キシダ化学株式会社)中1.0モル/LのLiTFSA*1(キシダ化学株式会社)
アノード:
厚みが0.25mmのLi金属(FMCコーポレイション)
評価温度:摂氏25度
実施例1
カソード区画のための電解質:N,N−ジエチル−N−メチル−N−(2−メトキシエチル)アンモニウムカチオン(DEME)−ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルアミドアニオン(TFSA)(Kanto corp.)(塩無添加)
導入される気体:純酸素(1.2atm、クローズド条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
実施例2
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME−TFSA(Kanto corp.)中0.352mol/kgのテトラブチルアンモニウムカチオン(TBA)−TFSA(Kanto corp.)
導入される気体:純酸素(1.2atm、クローズド条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
実施例3
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME*2−TFSA(塩無添加)
導入される気体:周囲空気(オープン条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
実施例4
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME*2−TFSA(塩無添加)
導入される気体:周囲空気(オープン条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
比較例1
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME−TFSA中0.352モル/kgのLiTFSA
導入される気体:純酸素(1.2atm、クローズド条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
比較例2
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME−TFSA中0.352モル/kgのLiTFSA
導入される気体:周囲空気(オープン条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:5mm
比較例3
カソード区画のための電解質:DEME*2−TFSA(塩無添加)
導入される気体:周囲空気(オープン条件)
カソードと固体状態Liイオン導体との間のギャップ:0mm
実施例1、実施例2および比較例1(クローズドO2供給)について得られた放電曲線を図2に示す。放電は、2.0V対Liのオフセット電位および5mAのカットオフ電流まで、100mAによる定電流および定電圧(CC−CV)モードで行なった。図2は、実施例1および実施例2は、クローズドO2供給条件で、比較例1よりも高い容量および高い出力特性を有したことを示す。
Claims (16)
- リチウム空気電気化学セルであって:
リチウム、リチウム合金、またはリチウムの吸着および放出ができる多孔質材料を含むアノードを含むアノード区画と;
空気カソード、O2源、およびイオン液体を含むカソード区画と;
前記アノード区画と前記カソード区画とを分離するリチウムイオン選択性膜とを含み;
前記リチウムイオン選択性膜からの前記カソードの距離が少なくとも0.1mmであるように、前記カソード区画は空間的に配置され、
前記イオン液体は、リチウム塩を含まない、リチウム空気電気化学セル。 - 放電時に、リチウムイオン濃度が前記リチウムイオン選択性膜で最大であり前記空気カソードで最小であるように、前記カソード区画はリチウムイオン濃度勾配を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セル。
- 前記リチウムイオン選択性膜からの前記カソードの距離は0.1mm〜20mmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セル。
- 前記リチウムイオン選択性膜からの前記カソードの距離は3mm〜20mmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セル。
- 前記イオン液体は、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、テトラフルオロボレートアニオン、およびヘキサフルオロホスフェートアニオンからなる群から選択されるアニオンに関連付けられるイミダゾリウムカチオン、ピペリジニウムカチオン、ピロリジニウムカチオン、またはアンモニウムカチオンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記アノード区画を前記カソード区画から分離する前記リチウムイオン伝導性膜は、ポリマー、セラミック、またはその複合材である、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記膜はセラミック材料を備え、前記セラミック材料は稠密なセラミック膜である、請求項6に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記稠密なセラミック膜は、Li−La−Ti−O系ぺロブスカイト、Li−Al−Ti−P−O系NASICON、Li−La−Zr−O系ガーネット、Li−P−S系固体電解質、およびLi−Ge−P−S系固体電解質からなる群から選択される1つを備える、請求項7に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記イオン液体はN,N−ジエチル−N−メチル−N−(2−メトキシエチル)アンモニウムカチオン(DEME)−ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルアミドアニオン(TFSA)である、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記カソード区画は、さらに、前記イオン液体において可溶の塩を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記イオン液体可溶塩は、テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩、イミダゾリウム塩、ピリジニウム塩、およびピペリジニウム塩からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載のリチウム空気電池。
- 前記イオン液体可溶塩はテトラブチルアンモニウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルアミド(TBA−TFSA)である、請求項11に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セル。
- 前記O2源は空気である、請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セル。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム空気電気化学セルを含む電池。
- 前記O2源は空気である、請求項14に記載の電池。
- 請求項15に記載の電池を備える車両。
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