JP6423368B2 - 三元触媒で触媒化されたフィルターを含む火花点火式エンジン及び排気システム - Google Patents
三元触媒で触媒化されたフィルターを含む火花点火式エンジン及び排気システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6423368B2 JP6423368B2 JP2015557517A JP2015557517A JP6423368B2 JP 6423368 B2 JP6423368 B2 JP 6423368B2 JP 2015557517 A JP2015557517 A JP 2015557517A JP 2015557517 A JP2015557517 A JP 2015557517A JP 6423368 B2 JP6423368 B2 JP 6423368B2
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- oxide
- spark ignition
- cerium
- ignition engine
- filter
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0864—Oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/92—Dimensions
- B01D2255/9202—Linear dimensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
実際のエンジン空燃比/化学量論的なエンジン空燃比 (1)
(ここで、1であるラムダ値は、化学量論的にバランスのよい(又は、化学量論的な)排気ガス組成物を表し、>1であるラムダ値は、過剰のO2及びNOxの過剰を表し、該組成は「リーン」と記述され、<1であるラムダ値は、HC及びCOの過剰を表し、該組成は「リッチ」と記述される。)空燃比を生じる排気ガス組成物に依存して、エンジンが「化学量論的」、「リーン」、「リッチ」で作動する空燃比を参照することは、一般的な技術、従って、化学量論的に作動されたガソリンエンジン又はリーンバーンガソリンエンジン、でもある。
(i)PM−10 10μm未満の空気動力学的直径の粒子;
(ii)2.5μm未満の直径の微粒子(PM−2.5);
(iii)0.1μm(又は100nm)未満の直径の超微粒子;
(iv)50nm未満の直径により特徴付けられる、ナノ粒子。
(a)白金及びロジウム;
(b)パラジウム及びロジウム;
(c)白金、パラジウム、及びロジウム;
(d)パラジウムのみ;又は
(e)ロジウムのみ
からなる群から選択されることを提供する。
4つの三元触媒ウォッシュコートが調製され、それぞれ>1μmのD50を有する粒子状のアルミナ及び酸素吸蔵成分として希土類ドープ剤を含む粒子状セリア−ジルコニア混合酸化物を含み、商用源及びパラジウム及びロジウムの塩から入手可能であった。各ウォッシュコートは、国際特許出願公開第99/47260号に記載された技術を用いて、132×101.6mmの寸法、1平方インチ当たり400セル(62セルcm−2)、及び1000分の6インチ(0.15mm)の壁厚のフロースルーハニカム基材上に被覆された。パラジウム塩及びロジウム塩の量は、最終製品中のパラジウムの担持量が7g/ft3(0.25g/l)であり、ロジウムの担持量が2g/ft3(0.07g/l)であるように、含まれた。
1.6g/in3のウォッシュコート担持量及び30g/ft3(1.06g/l)(Pt:Pd:Rh 0:9:1)の貴金属担持量で調製され、第1の含まれる粒子状アルミナ及びセリア−ジルコニア混合酸化物がd90<17μmに粉砕され、及び第1と同じ重量比率でセリア−ジルコニア混合酸化物ゾル(D50<1μm)を加えられて、第2の含まれる粒子状アルミナがd90<17μmに粉砕されて、2つの三元触媒(TWC)被覆は調製された。下の表において、第2の触媒は、「ナノ分散」として言及される。該被覆は、20マイクロメートル(下文で「ミクロン」)の名目平均孔径(62%の空隙率)を備える、118.4×114.3mm、1平方インチ当たり300セル(46.5セルcm−2)で、1000分の12インチ(0.3mm)の壁厚(「300/12」)を有するコーディエライトウォールフローフィルター基材に、塗布された。触媒組成物は、ウォッシュコートとして基材に塗布され、その後、乾燥され、通常の方法でか焼された。か焼後の触媒化フィルターは、「フレッシュ」な試料として参照される。各フィルターは、被覆された基材は、2.0Lのターボチャージされた直噴ガソリンエンジンを備えた化学量論的に操作されたEuro 5の自動車に近い連結位置で取り付けられた。フレッシュな試料は、最低3つのMVEG−B駆動サイクルで評価された。背圧差は、フィルターの上流と下流に取り付けられるセンサーの間で測定された。
与えられた値は、50%に達する触媒変換による温度「T」である(いわゆる「T50」、「ライトオフ温度」とも呼ばれる)。
Claims (15)
- 車両の火花点火式内燃機関用の排気システムを含む火花点火式エンジンであって、
車両の火花点火式内燃機関から排出される排気ガスからパティキュレートマターを取り除くためのフィルターを含む排気システムであり、フィルターは、内側表面及び外側表面を有する多孔質基材を含み、該多孔質基材は、少なくとも一部で白金族金属及び複数の固体粒子を含む三元触媒ウォッシュコートで被覆され、該複数の固体粒子は、少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物及びセリウムを含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物である少なくとも一つの酸素吸蔵成分を含み、セリウムを含む該混合酸化物又は複合酸化物は、1μm未満のメディアン粒径(D50)を有し、少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物のメディアン粒径(D50)が>1μmであり、該白金族金属は、
(a)白金及びロジウム;
(b)パラジウム及びロジウム;
(c)白金、パラジウム、及びロジウム;
(d)パラジウムのみ;又は
(e)ロジウムのみ
からなる群から選択される、火花点火式エンジン。 - セリウムを含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物がジルコニウムを含む、請求項1に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- セリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物を含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物中に存在するセリウム酸化物の割合が20wt%から60wt%であり、セリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物を含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物中に存在するジルコニウム酸化物の割合が40wt%から80wt%である、請求項2に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- セリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物を含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物がセリウム以外の一又は複数の希土類金属元素を含む、請求項2又は3に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- セリウム以外の一又は複数の希土類金属元素がランタン、プラセオジム、イットリウム、及びネオジムからなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- セリウム以外の希土類金属元素の酸化物が0.1から20wt%のセリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物を含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物を生成し、該セリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物を含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物中に存在するジルコニウム酸化物の割合が50wt%から80wt%である、請求項4又は5に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物が任意選択的に安定化されたアルミナ、ジルコニア、シリカ、チタニア、シリカ−アルミナ、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化ランタン、酸化イットリウム、及びそれらのいずれか2以上の混合物、混合酸化物、又は複合酸化物である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物が任意選択的に安定化されたアルミナを含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物のD90が<20μmである、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- フィルターがウォールフロー型フィルターの形態である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- フィルターの多孔質基材が8から45μmの平均細孔径を有する、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 多孔質基材上の三元触媒ウォッシュコートのウォッシュコート担持量が>0.50g in−3である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 三元触媒ウォッシュコートで塗布する前の多孔質基材の空隙率が>40%である、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジン。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の火花点火式エンジンを備える車両。
- 内側表面及び外側表面を有する多孔質基材を含むフィルターの使用であって、
多孔質基材が少なくとも一部で白金族金属及び複数の固体粒子を含む三元触媒ウォッシュコートで被覆され、該複数の固体粒子が少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物及びセリウムを含む混合酸化物又は複合酸化物である少なくとも一つのゾル由来の酸素吸蔵成分を含み、セリウムを含む該混合酸化物又は複合酸化物は、1μm未満のメディアン粒径(D50)を有し、少なくとも一つの卑金属酸化物のメディアン粒径(D50)が>1μmであり、該白金族金属は、(a)白金及びロジウム;(b)パラジウム及びロジウム;(c)白金、パラジウム、及びロジウム;(d)パラジウムのみ;又は(e)ロジウムのみ、からなる群から選択され、パティキュレートマター、窒素の酸化物、一酸化炭素、及び未燃焼の炭化水素が車両の火花点火式内燃機関から排出される排気ガス中に存在し、パティキュレートマターを取り除き、同時に窒素の酸化物を二窒素に変換し、未燃焼の炭化水素を二酸化炭素と水に変換し、一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変換するための、フィルターの使用。
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GB1302686.9 | 2013-02-15 | ||
GB201302686A GB201302686D0 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2013-02-15 | Filter comprising three-way catalyst |
GB1302786.7 | 2013-02-18 | ||
GB201302786A GB201302786D0 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2013-02-18 | Filter comprising three-way catalyst |
US201361766374P | 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-19 | |
US61/766,374 | 2013-02-19 | ||
PCT/GB2014/050445 WO2014125296A1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2014-02-14 | Positive ignition engine and exhaust system comprising three-way catalysed filter |
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GB201207313D0 (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-06-13 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Filter substrate comprising three-way catalyst |
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GB2512648B (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2018-06-20 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Filter substrate comprising three-way catalyst |
EP2905074B1 (de) * | 2014-02-06 | 2019-04-24 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Katalytisch wirksame Zusammensetzung für einen Mehrschichtkatalysator zur Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsabgasen |
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RU2705976C2 (ru) * | 2015-01-16 | 2019-11-12 | Басф Корпорейшн | Наноразмерное функциональное связующее |
GB2546164A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2017-07-12 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Gasoline particulate filter |
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EP3179065B1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | Jumbomaw Technology Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter |
GB2545747A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Gasoline particulate filter |
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JP2018143955A (ja) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-20 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカムフィルタ |
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PL2964365T3 (pl) | 2021-12-13 |
RU2661804C2 (ru) | 2018-07-19 |
CN105008025A (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
BR112015019384B1 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
RU2015139100A (ru) | 2017-03-21 |
WO2014125296A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
KR102102695B1 (ko) | 2020-04-22 |
CN112957910A (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
BR112015019384A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
ES2894823T3 (es) | 2022-02-16 |
GB201402665D0 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
US20140234189A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
GB201302786D0 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
GB201302686D0 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
DE102014101948A1 (de) | 2014-09-04 |
GB2514875A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
JP2016513008A (ja) | 2016-05-12 |
JP6650493B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
GB2514875B (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2964365B1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
JP2018187628A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
EP2964365A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
KR20150119140A (ko) | 2015-10-23 |
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