JP6419572B2 - 光電面、光電変換管、イメージインテンシファイア、及び光電子増倍管 - Google Patents
光電面、光電変換管、イメージインテンシファイア、及び光電子増倍管 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6419572B2 JP6419572B2 JP2014264384A JP2014264384A JP6419572B2 JP 6419572 B2 JP6419572 B2 JP 6419572B2 JP 2014264384 A JP2014264384 A JP 2014264384A JP 2014264384 A JP2014264384 A JP 2014264384A JP 6419572 B2 JP6419572 B2 JP 6419572B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
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Description
実施例1では、光電面1の感度を確認した。光電面1の感度として、量子効率を採用した。量子効率は、光電面1に入射した光子数に対する光電子の数の比であり、例えば、量子効率は、分光感度測定器により測定する。分光感度測定器は、光源と、測定対象光を単色化する分光器と、値付けされた標準の光検出器(例えばシリコンフォトダイオード)とを有する。実施例1に係る光電面1は、下記の構成を有する。実施例1では、上記構成を有する光電面1を複数作製し、それぞれの光電面1の量子効率を測定した。
窓材 :石英 (膜厚5.94mm)
導電膜 :Ti (膜厚0.5nm)
中間膜 :MgF2(膜厚5nm)
光電変換膜:CsTe(膜厚10nm)
図4は、上記光電面1の検出波長と量子効率との関係を示す。横軸は、波長を示し、縦軸は量子効率を示す。複数のグラフG4は、各光電面1の量子効率を示す。図4に示されるように、光電面1は、280nmから315nmまでの帯域A2において2%から26%程度の量子効率を有することが確認できた。また、光電面1は、200nmから280nmの帯域A3において、20%から32%程度の量子効率を有することが確認できた。また、光電面は、280nmの波長において、20%から26%程度の量子効率を有することが確認できた。
実施例2では、量子効率に対する中間膜4の膜厚の影響を確認した。具体的には、中間膜4の膜厚のみが異なる複数の光電面1を作製し、それぞれの光電面1が有する量子効率を測定した。実施例2に係る光電面1は、下記の構成を有する。
窓材 :石英 (膜厚5.94mm)
導電膜 :Ti (膜厚0.5nm)
中間膜 :MgF2(膜厚50nm(500Å)、10nm(100Å)、5nm(50Å))
光電変換膜:CsTe(膜厚10nm)
実施例3では、量子効率に対する導電膜3の構成の影響を確認した。具体的には、導電膜3の材料又は構造が互いに異なる複数の光電面1を作製し、それぞれの光電面1が有する量子効率を測定した。実施例3に係る光電面1は、下記の構成を有する。
窓材 :石英(膜厚5.94mm)
導電膜 :Ti(膜厚0.5nm)、Ti(膜厚2.5nm)、カーボンナノチューブ(膜厚1nm)、グラフェン(膜厚0.335nm)、ストライプ電極(膜厚2.5nm)
中間膜 :MgF2(膜厚5nm)
光電変換膜:CsTe(膜厚10nm)
比較例1では、量子効率に対する中間膜4の構成材料の影響について確認した。具体的には、酸化物を含む中間膜を有する光電面を作製し、それぞれの光電面が有する量子効率を測定した。比較例1に係る光電面は、下記の構成を有する。
窓材 :石英(膜厚5.94mm)
導電膜 :Ti(膜厚2.5nm)、Pt(膜厚2.5nm)
中間膜 :二層構造(Al2O3+ZnO)、導電膜がTiであるAl2O3、TiO2、導電膜がPtであるAl2O3
光電変換膜:CsTe(膜厚10nm)
図7は、比較例1における光電面の量子効率を、光電面1の量子効率と比較したグラフである。グラフG7aは、中間膜が二層構造(Al2O3+ZnO)である光電面の量子効率を示す。グラフG7bは、導電膜がTiであり、中間膜がAl2O3である光電面の量子効率を示す。グラフG7cは、導電膜がPtであり、中間膜がTiO2である光電面の量子効率を示す。グラフG7dは、導電膜がPtであり、中間膜がAl2O3である光電面の量子効率を示す。グラフG7eは、中間膜4がMgF2である光電面1の量子効率を示す。図7に示されるように、200nm〜350nmに亘る帯域においてグラフG7eが最も高い量子効率を示すことがわかった。従って、中間膜4を構成する材料は、酸化物よりもフッ化物が好ましいことがわかった。
比較例2では、量子効率に対する中間膜4の構成材料の影響について確認した。具体的には、MgF2とは異なるフッ化物により形成された中間膜を有する光電面を作製し、それぞれの光電面が有する量子効率を測定した。MgF2とは異なるフッ化物として、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)を用いた。比較例2に係る各光電面は、下記の構成を有する。
窓材 :石英(膜厚5.94mm)
導電膜 :Ti(膜厚2.5nm)
中間膜 :LiF(膜厚5nm)、CaF2(膜厚5nm)
光電変換膜:CsTe(膜厚10nm)
図8は、比較例2における光電面の量子効率を、光電面1の量子効率と比較したグラフである。グラフG8aは、中間膜4がLiFである光電面1の量子効率を示す。グラフG8bは、中間膜4がCaF2である光電面1の量子効率を示す。グラフG8cは、中間膜4がMgF2である光電面1の量子効率を示す。図8に示されるように、グラフG8cが200nm〜350nmに亘る帯域において最も高い量子効率を示すことがわかった。従って、中間膜4は、フッ化物のうちMgF2により構成することが最も好ましいことがわかった。
MgF2(プロットP9a):11.4eV
LiF(プロットP9b):13.8eV
CaF2(プロットP9c):11.0eV
Al2O3(プロットP9d):7.5eV
TiO2(プロットP9e):3.2eV
Claims (8)
- 積層構造を有する光電面であって、
紫外線を透過する窓材と、
前記窓材に形成され、導電性を有する導電膜と、
前記導電膜に形成され、マグネシウム及びフッ素の化合物を含む中間膜と、
前記中間膜に形成され、テルル及びアルカリ金属を含む光電変換膜と、を備える光電面。 - 前記化合物は、フッ化マグネシウムである、請求項1に記載の光電面。
- 前記アルカリ金属は、セシウムである、請求項1又は2に記載の光電面。
- 前記導電膜は、チタンを含む、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の光電面。
- 前記窓材は、石英を含む、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の光電面。
- 請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の光電面が設けられた真空容器を備える光電変換管。
- 請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の光電面が設けられた真空容器と、
前記真空容器に収容され前記光電変換膜から放出された電子を増倍する電子増倍手段と、
前記電子増倍手段で増倍された電子が入射され、前記電子増倍手段で増倍された前記電子を光に変換する蛍光面と、を備えるイメージインテンシファイア。 - 請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の光電面が設けられた真空容器と、
前記真空容器に収容され前記光電変換膜から放出された電子を増倍する電子増倍手段と、
前記真空容器の内部に収容され、前記電子増倍手段で増倍された前記電子が入射されるアノードと、を備える光電子増倍管。
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EP15872812.1A EP3240009B1 (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-15 | Photoelectric surface, photoelectric conversion tube, image intensifier, and photomultiplier tube |
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