JP6397748B2 - リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含む水の酸化触媒、酸素発生触媒および電極、ならびに水を酸化するためのプロセスおよび水の酸化触媒を形成するためのプロセス - Google Patents
リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含む水の酸化触媒、酸素発生触媒および電極、ならびに水を酸化するためのプロセスおよび水の酸化触媒を形成するためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir]=O Chemical class [Ir]=O YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/077—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/85—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/89—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by mass-spectroscopy
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
電気化学半電池において、水の分解反応は、2つの半反応を含む。
2H++2e−→H2 (3)
太陽光を用いて水から作られた水素は、将来に豊かな、再生可能なクリーンエネルギー源を提供している。プロトンを還元することによって、水素を形成する反応は、比較的に容易かつ効率的であるが、酸素発生反応は、複数のプロトン伴う電子移動過程を有するため、反応に関連する活性化エネルギー障壁を克服するために、はるかに高い駆動力を必要とする。よって、今までの努力は、水から酸素と水素イオンを生成することができる、効率的な水の酸化触媒および酸素発生反応(OER)触媒を探索することに置かれている。特に、以前からは、ルテニウムおよびイリジウムの酸化物は、触媒として特定されている。これらの元素は、地球上で最も稀少な元素であるため、これらの触媒を大規模に使用することは、実用的ではない。
本発明は、水を触媒酸化して水素イオンと酸素とを生成するための方法またはプロセス、装置および/または組成物を提供する。
Li2CoGeO4は、0.05molのLiOHおよび0.0125molのGeO2を20mLの水に溶解させることによって、合成された。次に、別の容器において、0.0125molのCoCl2を10mLのエチレングリコールに溶解させた。次いで、2つの溶液は、テフロン(登録商標)カップ内で混合され、図1に示された水熱ボンベ装置に入れた。この装置は、150℃の温度下、72時間放置された。72時間後、ボンベは、熱源から取出されて、固体を水で濾過/洗浄した後、真空オーブンの中で一晩乾燥させた。乾燥後、固体粒子を分散させるために、粉末を乳鉢と乳棒で研磨した。
Li2CoGeO4粒子は、ナフィオンを結合剤として用いてカーボンブラックと結合され、ドロップキャストによってガラス状炭素電極の上面に塗布された。触媒活性を確認するために、サイクリックボルタンメトリー実験を行った。
Claims (25)
- 水を酸素と水素イオンとに分解する水の酸化触媒であって、
化学式Li2CoGeO4で表されるリチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含む、水の酸化触媒。 - 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩は、1ミクロン未満の粒径を有する複数のナノ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の水の酸化触媒。
- 前記複数のナノ粒子は、0.5ミクロンの粒径を有する、請求項2に記載の水の酸化触媒。
- 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩の前記ナノ粒子と結合された導電性粒子および結合剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の水の酸化触媒。
- 触媒中のゲルマニウムとコバルトとの割合は、約1:1である、請求項1に記載の水の酸化触媒。
- 水を酸素と水素イオンとに分解する酸素発生触媒であって、
化学式Li2CoGeO4で表されるリチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含む、酸素発生触媒。 - 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩は、1ミクロン未満の粒径を有する複数のナノ粒子を含む、請求項6に記載の酸素発生触媒。
- 前記複数のナノ粒子は、0.5ミクロンの粒径を有する、請求項7に記載の酸素発生触媒。
- 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩の前記ナノ粒子と結合された導電性粒子および結合剤をさらに含む、請求項6に記載の酸素発生触媒。
- 触媒中のゲルマニウムとコバルトとの割合は、約1:1である、請求項6に記載の酸素発生触媒。
- 水を酸素と水素イオンとに分解する電気化学水酸化に使用される電極であって、
基板と、
前記基板に接触している活性物質とを含み、前記活性物質は、化学式Li2CoGeO4で表されるリチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含み、
水は、酸素と水素イオンとに分解される、電極。 - 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩は、1ミクロン未満の粒径を有する複数のナノ粒子を含む、請求項11に記載の電極。
- 前記複数のナノ粒子は、0.5ミクロンの粒径を有する、請求項12に記載の電極。
- 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩の前記ナノ粒子と結合された導電性粒子および結合剤をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の電極。
- 触媒中のゲルマニウムとコバルトとの割合は、約1:1である、請求項11に記載の電極。
- 水を酸化するためのプロセスであって、
化学式Li 2 CoGeO 4 で表されるリチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩を含む電極を提供するステップと、
水および支持電解質を提供するステップと、
前記水および支持電解質をリチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩と接触させ、酸化用過電圧を印加し、水を酸素と水素イオンとに触媒酸化するステップとを含む、プロセス。 - 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩は、1ミクロン未満の粒径を有する複数のナノ粒子を含む、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記複数のナノ粒子は、0.5ミクロンの粒径を有する、請求項17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウムコバルトゲルマニウム酸塩の前記ナノ粒子と結合された導電性粒子および結合剤をさらに含む、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 触媒中のゲルマニウムとコバルトとの割合は、約1:1である、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 水の酸化触媒を形成するプロセスであって、
LiOHを提供するステップと、
GeO2を提供するステップと、
LiOHとGeO2とを混合することによって、第1溶液を形成するステップと、
溶媒に溶解されたCoCl2を提供するステップと、
第1溶液と溶媒に溶解されたCoCl2とを混合することによって、第2溶液を形成するステップと、
第2溶液を水熱反応することによって、Li2CoGeO4を形成するステップとを含む、プロセス。 - 前記溶媒は、エチレングリコールである、請求項21に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2溶液を150℃の温度下、水熱ボンベに72時間放置するステップを含む、請求項21に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水熱反応の後、Li2CoGeO4を洗浄し、乾燥させるステップをさらに含む、請求項21記載のプロセス。
- 前記乾燥ステップの後、Li2CoGeO4を研磨することによって、Li2CoGeO4を個別の粒子に形成するステップを含む、請求項24に記載のプロセス。
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US14/134,889 | 2013-12-19 | ||
US14/134,889 US9512526B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2013-12-19 | Water oxidation catalyst including lithium cobalt germanate |
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EP0034447A3 (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1981-12-02 | Alfred Chan Chung Tseung | Electrocatalyst |
JP2001052704A (ja) * | 1999-08-10 | 2001-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
DE60327850D1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2009-07-16 | Valence Technology Inc | Aktives elektrodenmaterial und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
US7041239B2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-05-09 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Electrodes comprising mixed active particles |
WO2005113863A2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Secondary electrochemical cell |
WO2008116254A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Robin Brimblecombe | Water oxidation catalyst |
KR20110033212A (ko) | 2008-06-18 | 2011-03-30 | 메사추세츠 인스티튜트 오브 테크놀로지 | 물의 전기분해를 위한 촉매 물질, 전극 및 시스템, 및 다른 전기화학 기술 |
MX2011003719A (es) | 2008-10-08 | 2011-07-29 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Materiales cataliticos, fotoanodos y celdas fotoelectroquimicas para electrolisis de agua y otras tecnicas electroquimicas. |
WO2010042197A1 (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Catalytic materials, photoanodes, and photoelectrochemical cells for water electrolysis and other electrochemical techniques |
WO2010093923A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Nanocomposite catalyst materials comprising conductive support (carbon), transition metal compound, and metal nanoparticles |
WO2010129417A1 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-11 | Meecotech, Inc. | Electrode active composite materials and methods of making thereof |
US8192609B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2012-06-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Cobalt oxyfluoride catalysts for electrolytic dissociation of water |
EP2585623A4 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-09-03 | Univ Rutgers | SPINELL CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATION OF WATER AND HYDROCARBONS |
US8968534B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2015-03-03 | Toyota Motor Egineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Water oxidation catalyst |
-
2013
- 2013-12-19 US US14/134,889 patent/US9512526B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-15 DE DE102014118669.9A patent/DE102014118669A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-12-16 CN CN201410781679.2A patent/CN104852058B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-12-16 JP JP2014253996A patent/JP6397748B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20150176144A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
DE102014118669A1 (de) | 2015-06-25 |
US9512526B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
JP2015116566A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
CN104852058A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
CN104852058B (zh) | 2019-12-31 |
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