JP6392728B2 - 作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
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- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 205
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図に基づいて説明する。
図1は第1の実施の形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置を搭載した作業機械の一例である油圧ショベルを示す模式図である。なお、説明の便宜上、図1に示したように前後および上下方向を規定する。
(1)尿素水タンク22内に配置され、尿素水の濃度を検出する濃度センサ32の検知部32aに向けて尿素水を噴射する気泡除去装置30を設けた。気泡除去装置30による尿素水の噴射により、濃度センサ32の検知部32aに付着した気泡を除去することができるので、濃度センサ32の測定精度の低下を抑制することができる。
図6および図7を参照して第2の実施の形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置100を説明する。なお、図中、第1の実施の形態と同一もしくは相当部分には同一の参照番号を付し、相違点を主に説明する。第2の実施の形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置100は、第1の実施の形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置100と同様の構成を有している(図2参照)。
(6)尿素水ポンプ23の吐出圧Ppが低い状態(閾値Pp0未満の状態)では、気泡除去装置30の第2噴射弁30aを開弁させたとしても、強い噴流を生成することができず、濃度センサ32の検知部32aに付着した気泡を十分に除去できないおそれがある。本実施の形態では、コントローラ26Bが、濃度センサ32で検出された値(尿素水の濃度C)、および圧力センサ24で検出された値(尿素水ポンプ23の吐出圧Pp)に基づいて、気泡除去装置30による尿素水の噴射を制御する。このため、濃度センサ32の検知部32aに付着した気泡を効果的に除去することができる。
(変形例1)
上述した実施の形態では、濃度センサ32で検出された値に基づいて、あるいは濃度センサ32で検出された値、および圧力センサ24で検出された値に基づいて、気泡除去装置30による尿素水の噴射を制御する例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。たとえば、濃度Cや吐出圧Ppにかかわらず、所定期間経過毎に所定時間だけ気泡除去装置30により尿素水を噴射させてもよい。定期的に尿素水を噴射させて気泡を除去することで、尿素水を噴射させない場合に比べて、濃度センサ32の測定精度を向上できる。また、気泡除去スイッチ(不図示)を設け、作業者による手動操作により、気泡除去装置30による尿素水の噴射を行うようにしてもよい。
排気ガス浄化装置は、NOx浄化装置19の他に、排気ガスに含まれる一酸化窒素(NO)、一酸化炭素(CO)、炭化水素(HC)等を酸化して除去する酸化触媒(DOC:Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)を備えてもよい。排気ガス浄化装置は、パーティキュレート(粒子状物質)を捕集するフィルタを備えてもよい。
上述した実施の形態では、濃度センサ32の検知部32aを尿素水タンク22に設ける例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。尿素水タンク22から尿素水ポンプ23までの尿素水の流通経路上や、尿素水ポンプ23から尿素水噴射装置27までの尿素水の流通経路上における、尿素水が貯蔵される任意の位置に濃度センサ32の検知部32aを配設してもよい。なお、尿素水の流通経路上に設ける場合、第1配管29aの流路面積よりも広い流路面積の空間を形成し、この空間内に濃度センサ32の検知部32aを配置する。なお、濃度センサ32の検知部32aの検出値(濃度C)が尿素水の流速の影響を受けることを抑制するために、上記の空間内における尿素水の流速の変化が小さい位置に、検知部32aを配設することが好ましい。
上述した実施の形態では、単一の尿素水ポンプ23を設け、尿素水ポンプ23の吐出側の配管を分岐して尿素水噴射装置27と気泡除去装置30に接続する例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。尿素水噴射装置27に尿素水を供給する第1の尿素水ポンプと、気泡除去装置30に尿素水を供給する第2の尿素水ポンプの2つのポンプを設けてもよい。この場合、尿素水噴射装置27と尿素水タンク22とを接続する流路と、気泡除去装置30と尿素水タンク22とを接続する流路とを個別に設けることができる。
上述した実施の形態では、濃度Cが閾値Cx以上の場合(高濃度状態の場合)に、まず気泡除去装置30を動作(第2噴射弁30aを開弁)させ、気泡除去装置30の動作後も濃度Cが高い状態が続くようであれば、「高濃度エラー」を表示装置33に表示させる例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。「高濃度エラー」については表示装置33に表示させないようにしてもよい。この場合、濃度Cが閾値Cx以上の場合に気泡除去装置30を動作させないようにしてもよい。
還元剤として、尿素水を採用した例について説明したが、アンモニアを効率的に発生する還元剤として、アンモニア水溶液やその他の還元剤を採用することができる。
上述した実施の形態では、尿素水ポンプ23や尿素水噴射装置27、気泡除去装置30を単一のコントローラ26,26Bで制御する例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。上述したコントローラ26,26Bにより行う処理を、複数のコントローラで実行させてもよい。
上述した実施の形態では、濃度センサ32に音速測定方式の濃度センサを採用する例に説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。濃度センサ32として、超音波を発信する送信センサと受信センサとを対向配置させてなる検知部を備え、超音波の受信強度から減衰量を演算し、濃度に換算する超音波減衰方式の濃度センサを採用してもよい。
上述した実施の形態では、本発明を油圧ショベルに適用する例について説明したが、その他、ホイールショベルなどの移動式ショベルや、固定式ショベルにも適用することができる。さらに、クレーンやホイールローダ等、種々の作業機械にも本発明を同様に適用することができる。
Claims (3)
- エンジンの排気ガスの排気流路中に設置され、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元剤により還元浄化する還元触媒、ならびに、前記排気流路中に前記還元剤を噴射する還元剤噴射装置を備えた作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置であって、
前記還元剤を貯蔵する貯蔵部と、
前記貯蔵部内に配置され、前記還元剤の濃度を検出する検知部を有する濃度センサと、
前記検知部に向けて前記還元剤を噴射する気泡除去装置と、
前記貯蔵部の前記還元剤を前記気泡除去装置に供給する還元剤ポンプと、
前記還元剤ポンプの吐出圧を検出する圧力センサと、
前記濃度センサで検出された値、および前記圧力センサで検出された値に基づいて、前記気泡除去装置による前記還元剤の噴射を制御する気泡除去制御装置と、を備える
ことを特徴とする作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 請求項1に記載の作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記気泡除去制御装置は、前記濃度センサで検出された値が、少なくとも前記還元剤が低濃度状態であることを表す値である場合に、前記気泡除去制御装置により前記還元剤の噴射を開始させる
ことを特徴とする作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 請求項1に記載の作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記還元剤ポンプの吐出側と前記還元剤噴射装置とを接続する第1の流路に、前記還元剤ポンプから吐出された前記還元剤を前記気泡除去装置に供給する第2の流路が接続されている
ことを特徴とする作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置。
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EP16864050.6A EP3375996B1 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2016-10-28 | Exhaust gas purifying device of working machine |
PCT/JP2016/082111 WO2017082087A1 (ja) | 2015-11-09 | 2016-10-28 | 作業機械の排気ガス浄化装置 |
US15/774,312 US10865680B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2016-10-28 | Exhaust gas purifying device of work machine |
KR1020187013023A KR102041418B1 (ko) | 2015-11-09 | 2016-10-28 | 작업 기계의 배기 가스 정화 장치 |
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